TOPIC 6

HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT CONTROL

Topic Learning Outcomes
TLO 1
Explain the importance of
ventilation system

TLO 2
Explain the industrial noise
exposure problem

TLO 3
Apply the standardization by
JKKP in confined space
Topic Outlines
01 Ventilation

02 Industrial Noise

03 Heat Stress

04 Radiation

05 Confined Space

06 Flammable And Explosive Material

Ventilation
 Ventilation
The provision of fresh air to a space.
Ventilation is a good way to deal with
toxic air contaminants, but it is not the
best way
Good Ventilation
vs
Poor Ventilation
Industrial Noise
 Industrial Noise

Noise exposure is another basic Noise exposure can

health problem because the cause hearing loss
chronic are the ones that
typically do the damage
Noise

A single acute exposure can do

permanent damage, and in this
sense noise is a safety problem,
but noise exposures of this type
are extremely rare
Heat Stress
Heat Stress
Heat Stress
Operations involving high
air temperatures, radiant
heat sources, high humidity,
direct physical contact with
hot objects, or strenuous
physical activities have a
high potential for inducing
heat stress in employees
engaged in such operation
Types of
Heat Stress
Heat exhaustion
Happens when a worker sweats
a lot and does not drink enough
fluids or take in enough salt or
both
Heat Stroke
Is the most serious health
problem for people working
in the heat, but is not very
common. It is caused by the
failure of the body to regulate
its core temperature.
Sweating stops and the body
cannot get rid of excess heat.
Victims will die unless they
receive proper treatment
promptly
Heat cramps
are painful muscle spasms. They
occur when a worker drinks a lot
of water, but does not replace
salts lost from sweating
Heat collapse (fainting)
usually happens to someone who
is not used to working in the hot
environment and simply stands
around
Heat rash
also called prickly heat may
occur in hot and humid
environments where sweat
cannot evaporate easily. When
the rash covers a large area or if
it becomes infected, it may
become very uncomfortable
Engineering Work Personal Training
Control Practices Protective
Equipment
Engineering Controls
General and local exhaust ventilation
in areas of high heat.

Shielding of radiant heat sources, such

as furnaces or hot machinery

Elimination of steam leaks

Use of cooling fans or personal cooling

devices, such as cooling vests

Use of power tools to reduce manual

labor
 Engineering
Controls

Shielding of radiant heat sources

Elimination of steam leaks

Cooling Vests
Engineering Controls
Power Tools To Reduce Manual Labor
 Works Practice

Clothing Drinking Work Schedule

Wear loose-fitting, Drink plenty of liquids, If possible, heavy work

lightweight clothing, such especially if your urine is should be scheduled
as cotton, to allow sweat dark yellow, to replace the during the cooler parts of
to evaporate. Light colors fluids you lose from the day. Otherwise,
absorb less heat than dark sweating. alternate heavy work in the
colors heat with lighter work or
work in cooler areas.
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Heat reflective clothing
- may alleviate the problem of radiant heat sources,
such as furnaces. However, if the worker is fully
covered, he or she will have trouble evaporating
sweat.

Ice vests or cooling vests

- remove heat from the skin. They are relatively
inexpensive and allow freedom of movement.

Liquid cooling systems

- also remove heat from the skin. Cool liquid flows
in the suit around the body and carries the heat
away.
 Training

Employees and supervisors

need to be trained to be able
to detect early signs of heat
stress.

Employees must understand

the need to replace fluids
and salt from sweat and
recognize the signs of
dehydration, fainting, heat
cramps, heat exhaustion,
and heat stroke.
Radiation
 Radiation
The provision of fresh air to a space.
Ventilation is a good way to deal with
toxic air contaminants, but it is not the
best way
Types of Radiation
• Ionizing radiation
• Non ionizing radiation
 EFFETCS OF RADIATION TO HEALTH
EYES Thyroid Lungs
High doses can trigger Hormone glands vulnerable to Vulnerable to DNA
cataracts months later cancer. Radioactive iodine builds damage when
up in thyroid. Children most at radioactive material is
risk. breathed in.

Stomach
Vulnerable if radioactive
material is swallowed
Bone Marrow
Produces red and white
blood cells. Radiation
Skin can lead to leukemia
High doses cause and other immune
redness and burning system diseases.
Confined Space
 Confined Space
A confined space is a place which is substantially
enclosed (though not always entirely), and where
serious injury can occur from hazardous
substances or conditions within the space or
nearby (e.g. lack of oxygen)
Engulfing in
Confined Space
Permit Required For
Confined Space
Contains or has the potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere

Contains material that has the potential of

engulfing and entrant

Contains an internal configuration such that an

entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by
inwardly converging walls or by a floor which
slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross
section

Contains any other recognized serious safety or

health hazard.
 3 Classification of Confined Space
by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)

Class "A" Class “b" Class “c"

an environment that is an environment that has an environment that has

immediately dangerous the potential for causing potential hazards, which
to life of health. (Entry injury and illness if prev would not require any s
by permit only shall entative measure are pecial modifications of t
have a posted sign.) not used, but is not imm he work procedures.
ediately dangerous to lif
e and health
Fire in Confined
Space
Flammable and Explosive Material
 Flammable
Flammable and combustible liquids are liquids that can burn.
They are classified, or grouped, as either flammable or
combustible by their flashpoints. Generally
speaking, flammable liquids will ignite (catch on fire) and
burn easily at normal working temperatures
Flammable vs
Combustible
Flammable & Combustible Liquids
Materials which are flammable or combustible also are
poisonous. It can be harmful, or even fatal, to inhale their
fumes, or to eat or drink these materials.
01
Keep these safety tips in mind when using flammable liquids
Read and follow the manufacture's instructions before use. If the
02 label instructs you to use the substance where there is "adequate
ventilation" this means outside. If the materials are used in the
home and the smell of the fumes is strong, ventilation is
inadequate.

03 Keep the materials in their original containers. This way the

user will always have the safety precautions and directions
handy. Don't let the containers spill onto the label and cover
the directions and safety precautions. If this happens, wipe
the container immediately.
Types of Flammable Liquids

Flammable liquids (for Combustible liquids (for

example, gasoline) have a example, diesel fuel) have a
flash point below 100 flash point at or above 100 F
Fahrenheit or 38 Celsius. or 38 C.
 Ignition Sources
Ignition due to sparks 2 Ignition due to hot surface
1

3 Ignition due to compression 4 Ignition due to high temperature

5 Ignition due to hot particles 6 Cigarette lighters or matches

7 Pilot light on a gas appliance 8 Electrical heaters

9 Electrical switches 10 Static electricity

Thank you