Before delving into the content of 19th-century English literature, it might be helpful

to familiarize yourself with some key terms and concepts that are commonly
associated with this era:

1. Romanticism: A literary movement that emphasized individualism, nature, and

intense emotions. Romantic writers sought to break away from the rationality of the
Enlightenment and celebrated imagination and emotional expression.
2. Victorian: The term "Victorian" refers to the reign of Queen Victoria of England from
1837 to 1901. Victorian literature encompasses the works produced during this
period and often reflects the values, morals, and social issues of the time.
3. Gothic Literature: A genre characterized by mysterious and macabre themes,
supernatural elements, and eerie settings. Gothic writers often explored themes of
horror, death, and the unknown.
4. Realism: A literary movement that aimed to present life as it really is, without
idealization or romanticism. Realist writers depicted the everyday struggles of
ordinary people and the social realities of their time.
5. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: An artistic and literary movement founded in 1848
that sought to return to the artistic techniques and styles of the time before the High
Renaissance artist Raphael. The Pre-Raphaelites were known for their focus on
nature, vivid colors, and medieval themes.
6. Aestheticism: A philosophical and artistic movement that advocated the pursuit of
beauty for its own sake. Aesthetes believed in appreciating art and literature for their
aesthetic qualities rather than their moral or social messages.
7. Social Realism: A form of realism that focuses on depicting the social and economic
conditions of a particular time and place, often highlighting issues like poverty,
inequality, and class struggles.
8. Industrial Revolution: A period of significant technological and economic change
that began in the late 18th century and continued through the 19th century. The
Industrial Revolution transformed societies by introducing new manufacturing
processes and mechanization.