Q1: Viếtlạicâusaocho ý nghĩakhôngđổi. Sửdụngcáctừgợi ý trongngoặc.

Tìm, imđậmvàgạchchân,
đổmàucáccặptừđồngnghĩatrongtừgợi ý vớicâuđềbài.

VD:

Original: "The diagram presents the comparison of water consumption in urban and rural areas
over a five-year period."

Paraphrase: "The visual representation illustrates the contrast in water usage between urban and
rural regions during a span of five years."

1. Original: The graph displays the fluctuations in temperature over the course of a week.
Paraphrase: (illustrates, variations)

 The graph illustrates the variations in temperature throughout the span of a week.

2. Original: The table outlines the percentage of residents engaged in different types of physical
activity.

Paraphrase: (delineates, inhabitants, participating)

 The table delineates the proportion of inhabitants participating in various types of

physical exercise.

3. Original: The bar chart represents the amount of money spent on five different leisure
activities.

Paraphrase: (illustrates, expenditures)

 The bar chart illustrates the expenditures on five distinct leisure activities.

4. Original: The line graph depicts the changes in the population of a town from 2000 to 2020.
Paraphrase: (illustrates, fluctuations)

 The line graph illustrates the fluctuations in the population of a town between 2000
and 2020.

5. Original: The pie chart reveals the distribution of energy sources used for electricity generation.

Paraphrase: (unveils, the breakdown, utilized)

 The pie chart unveils the breakdown of energy sources utilized for electricity generation

6. Original: The table showcases the number of students enrolled in different academic programs.

Paraphrase: (highlights, enrollment figures, diverse)

 The table highlights the enrollment figures in diverse academic programs.

7. Original: The bar chart exhibits the comparison of car ownership between two cities.

Paraphrase: (demonstrates, contrast)

  The bar chart demonstrates the contrast of car ownership between two cities.

8. Original: The line graph displays the trends in annual rainfall for a specific region.

Paraphrase: (illustrates, patterns, precipitation)

 The line graph illustrates the patterns of yearly precipitation in a particular area.

9. Original: The pie chart illustrates the proportion of expenditures in a household budget.
Paraphrase: (depicts, percentage, expenses, financial plan)

 The pie chart depicts the percentage of expenses in a household's financial plan

10. Original: The table outlines the percentage of male and female employees in various job
sectors.

Paraphrase: (delineates, proportion, different, occupational fields)

 The table delineates the proportion of male and female employees in different
occupational fields

Q2: Reading T/F/NG. Bôiđậmgạchchâncáctừđồngnghĩa, giảithíchnghĩacáctừđồngnghĩa

A Secret Well Kept Reading Passage

Political leaders in the days before the internet and 24-hour cable news were not subjected to the
intense media scrutiny that their modern counterparts face. It was possible to rise to power and stay in
office despite having skeletons in the closet that would now see one disgraced in a scandal. One of the
best examples of keeping damaging secrets from the public was Canadian Prime Minister, Lyon
Mackenzie King, (almost always referred to as Mackenzie King).

Mackenzie King was born in 1874 with the proverbial silver spoon. He accumulated five university
degrees, including a PhD from Harvard in economics, a subject he went on to teach at that institute. In
addition to being a professor and an economist, King was a lawyer and a journalist. He was also a civil
servant and was appointed as Canada's first Minister of Labour. He was elected to Parliament as a Liberal
and would go on to become Canada’s, and the Commonwealth's longest-serving prime minister, serving
for nearly 22 years.

Mackenzie King cut his political teeth as a labour negotiator. He was successful in part because he
mastered the art of conciliation. Conciliation, along with half measures, would become his trademark.
"Do nothing by halves that can be done by quarters,” one detractor wrote of him. And so, King sought
the middle ground in order to keep the country’s many factions together. He would go out of his way to
avoid debate and was fond of saying "Parliament will decide," when pressed for an answer. He was
pudgy, plodding, wooden and cold, and his speeches were slumber-inducing. Unloved, but practical and
astute, he has been called Canada's greatest prime minister. He created old age pensions,
unemployment insurance, and family allowance, and he left the country in much better shape than
when he inherited it.
Mackenzie King died in 1950, thus passing into the mildly-interesting annals of Canadian history. Then,
during the seventies, his diaries (all 30,000 pages of them) were published, and millions of Canadian jaws
dropped. It turns out that King, that monotonous embodiment of Presbyterian morals, was a dedicated
occultist who communicated with the dead, including his mother (who he revered), former President
Roosevelt, Leonardo da Vinci, and his dogs. And he did this almost every evening for the last 25 years of
his life.

King used a Ouija board and owned a crystal ball. He read tea leaves. He employed mediums and
consulted a psychic. He visited palmists. He was a numerologist, always sensitive to what the numbers 7
and 17 were attempting to reveal to him. He thought that when he looked at the clock and found both
hands in alignment, someone from the other side must have been watching over him. King was careful
not to reveal any of his "psychical research" to the public, his departed mother having warned him that
people wouldn't understand.

(Adapted from a passage in "A Sort of Homecoming - In Search of Canada' by Troy Parfitt)

Silver spoon=privileged: giàucó, nhiềuđặcquyền

1. Mackenzie King came from a privileged background. ( T )

2. He taught economics at Harvard University.= institute : học viện ( T )

3. Mackenzie King was known for his stubbornness and extreme political views.= his political
teeth: quan điểm chính trị ( T )

4. Mackenzie was not liked by his people and did nothing for their welfare. = Unloved : không
được yêu thích ( T )

5. His diaries were published when he was in his seventies. (during the seventies, his diaries (all
30,000 pages of them) were published) ( F )

6. He communicated with dead political leaders to get their advice on handling problems.=
consulted : xin lời khuyên, được tư vấn ( F )

7. He regarded seeing the hands of a clock together as an auspicious sign.= clock and found both
hands in alignment : hai kim đồng hồ chụm vào nhau, thẳng hàng

Q3: Reading T/F/NG. Bôiđậmgạchchâncáctừđồngnghĩa, giảithíchnghĩacáctừđồngnghĩa

Have Researchers Created Synthetic Life at the J. Craig Venter Institute Reading Passage

Researchers often insert a gene or two into an organism to make it do something unique. For example,
researchers inserted the insulin gene into bacteria to make them produce human insulin. However,
researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) in Rockville, MD, have now created organisms that
contain a completely synthetic genome. This synthetic genome was designed by computer, resulting in
the "first self-replica project species … parent is a computer," as stated by Dr Venter, the lead scientist on
this project.

In essence, the JCVI scientists took the genome of one bacterial species, M.mycoides, synthesised it from
scratch, and then transplanted it into a different bacterial species, M.capricolum. The DNA was
synthesised as a series of cassettes, or pieces, spanning roughly 1,080 bases (the chemical units that
make up DNA) each. These cassettes were then painstakingly assembled together and slowly input into
the M.capricolum species.

The JCVI researchers also included several "watermarks" in the synthetic genome. Because DNA contains
introns, which are non-expressed spans of DNA, as well as exons, which are expressed spans of DNA,
much of the code can be altered without affecting the final organism. Also, the four bases of the DNA
code - A, C, G, and T- can combine into tripleTS to code for the 20 amino acids (the chemical units of
which protein is composed), as well as start and stop instructions for gene expression. These amino acids
are designated by single alphabetical letters; for example, tryptophan is designated by the letter W. Thus,
by using the amino acid "alphabet," the JCVI researchers were able to insert sequences of DNA that
were specifically designed to spell out the names of the study authors, project contributors, web
addresses, and even include quotations from James Joyce, and Richard Feynman. Such engineering
helped clarify that the M.capricolum genome is entirely synthetic and not a product of natural bacterial
growth and replication.

Over one million total bases were inserted into M.capricolum. The final result was a bacterial cell that
originated from M. capricolum, but behaved like and expressed the proteins of M.mycoides. This
synthetic M.mycoides bacterium was also able to self-replicate, fundamental quality of life.

The demonstration that completely synthetic genomes can be used to start synthetic life promises other
exciting discoveries and technologies. For example, photosynthetic algae could be transplanted with
genomes that would enable these organisms to produce biofuel. In fact, the ExxonMobil Research and
Engineering Company has already worked out an agreement with Synthetic Genomics, the company that
helped fund the JCVI research team, to start just such a project.

While some researchers agree that the technical feat of the JCVI team is astounding, detractors point to
the difficulty of creating more complicated organisms from scratch. Other researchers point to the fact
that some biofuels are already being produced by microorganisms via the genetic engineering of only a
handful of genes. And Dr David Baltimore, a leading geneticist at CalTech, has countered the significance
of the work performed by the JCVI research team, stating that its lead researcher, Dr Venter, ".. has not
created life, only mimicked it."

1. DNA was also injected into animals.= insert : chèn, đưa vào ( NG )

2. Bacteria have been made to produce insulin. (researchers inserted the insulin gene into bacteria
to make them produce human insulin) ( T )

3. The artificial genome is left with some signs to identify its creators. (the JCVI researchers were
able to insert sequences of DNA that were specifically designed to spell out the names of the
study authors, project contributors,…) ( T )

4. Tryptophan is one example of an amino acid. (These amino acids are designated by single
alphabetical letters; for example, tryptophan is designated by the letter W.) ( T )

5. Production of biofuel from genetically altered algae will be a solution to world energy problems.

6. The research team was financially supported by ExxonMobil. (the ExxonMobil Research and
Engineering Company has already worked out an agreement with Synthetic Genomics, the
company that helped fund the JCVI research team, to start just such a project) ( F )
 7. There is no dispute regarding the importance of the achievement of the JCVI team in creating a
synthetic genome.

Q4: Hoàn thànhcâudùngcáctừtrongđoạn. Bôiđậmgạchchâncáctừđồngnghĩa,

giảithíchnghĩacáctừđồngnghĩa

The Halifax Explosion Reading Passage

Before the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945, the largest-ever non-natural explosion had
taken place in 1917 in the eastern Canadian port city of Halifax. With the outbreak of World War I,
Halifax was effectively transformed into a boomtown. Convoys gathered weekly in Bedford Basin (the
north-western end of Halifax Harbour) in order to traverse the Atlantic, and Halifax Harbour became
heavy with vessels of one variety or another. This spike in boat traffic was not dealt with efficiently, and
collisions became almost normal.

On December 1st, 1917, the French vessel Mont Blanc left New York in order to join a convoy in Halifax
after being loaded with 226,797 kilograms of TNT (an explosive), 223,188 kilograms of benzol (a type of
gasoline), 1,602,519 kilograms of wet picric acid (an explosive), and 544,311 kilograms of dry picric acid
(another explosive). On December 6th, the Mont Blanc was ushered into Halifax’s harbour after the U-
boat nets had been raised.

At the same time, the cargoless Norwegian ship, Imo, left Bedford Basin en route to New York in order to
pick up relief items for transport to war-torn Belgium. Imo was behind schedule and attempting to
remedy that. She passed a boat on the wrong side before sending a tugboat retreating to port. By the
time she reached the Narrows, she was in the wrong channel and going too fast. The Mont
Blanc sounded her whistle, but the Imo sounded back twice, refusing to alter course. At the last
moment, the Mont Blanc veered, and the Imo reversed, but it was too late. From the gash formed in the
French boat’s hull seeped a noxious spiral of oily, orange-dappled smoke. Mont Blanc’s crew rowed to
shore on the Dartmouth side, but no one could decipher their warnings. Their fiery vessel then casually
drifted toward the Halifax side where it came to rest against one of the piers.

This spectacle drew thousands of onlookers. People crowded docks and windows filled with curious
faces. As many as 1,600 died instantly when the boat exploded. Around 9,000 were injured, 6,000
seriously so. Approximately 12,000 buildings were severely damaged; virtually every building in town
was damaged to some extent; 1,630 were rendered nonexistent. Around 6,000 people were made
homeless, and 25,000 people (half the population) were left without suitable housing.

The Halifax Explosion, as it became known, was the largest manmade detonation to date, approximately
one-fifth the ferocity of the bomb later dropped on Hiroshima. It sent up a column of smoke reckoned to
be 7,000 metres in height. It was felt more than 480 kilometres away. It flung a ship gun barrel some 5.5
kilometres, and part of an anchor, which weighed 517 kilograms, around 3 kilometres. The blast
absolutely flattened a district known as Richmond. It also caused a tsunami that saw a wave 18 metres
above the high-water mark depositing the Imo onto the shore of the Dartmouth side. The pressure wave
of air that was produced snapped trees, bent iron rails, and grounded ships. That evening, a blizzard
commenced, and it would continue until the next day, leaving 40 centimetres of snow in its wake.
Consequently, many of those trapped within collapsed structures died of exposure. Historians put the
death toll of the Halifax Explosion at approximately 2,000.

Complete the sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer

1. During World War One, Halifax Harbour was unable to handle the increased shipping traffic
properly, and there were numerous collisions = This spike in boat traffic : sự gia tăng số lượng
thuyền, hàng hóa
2. The Imo was not in the correct channel and travelling too fast.
= wrong channel : nhầm kênh = going
3. Thousands of people were watching the burning ship when it exploded.= thousands of
onlookers : hàng ngàn người xem
4. The Halifax Explosion had about one-fifth of the power of the Hiroshima bomb.
(approximately one-fifth the ferocity of the bomb later dropped on Hiroshima)
5. Freezing weather brought by a blizzard caused the death of some survivors who were trapped
under collapsed buildings. (a blizzard commenced, and it would continue until the next day,
leaving 40 centimetres of snow in its wake. Consequently, many of those trapped within
collapsed structures died of exposure.)

Q5: Hoàn thànhcâudùngcáctừtrongđoạn. Bôiđậmgạchchâncáctừđồngnghĩa,

giảithíchnghĩacáctừđồngnghĩa

Alaskans’ vitamin D production slows to a halt Reading Passage

Interested people are needed to participate in a one-year study to assess the effects of long dark
winters on the vitamin D and calcium levels of Fairbanks residents.

So began a recruitment poster Meredith Tallas created 25 years ago. Now living in Oakland, California,
Tallas was a University of Alaska Fairbanks student in 1983 who wanted to study how levels of a vitamin
related to sun exposure fluctuated in people living so far from the equator. “The most obvious vitamin to
study in Alaska is vitamin D, because of the low light in winter,” Tallas said recently over the phone from
her office in Berkeley.

Forty-seven people responded to Tallas’ 1983 request, and her master’s project was underway. By
looking at the blood work of those Fairbanks residents every month and analyzing their diets, she
charted their levels of vitamin D, which our skin magically produces after exposure to a certain amount
of sunshine. We also get vitamin D from foods, such as vitamin-D enriched milk and margarine, and fish
(salmon are a good source). Vitamin D is important for the prevention of bone diseases, diabetes, and
other maladies.

If you live at a latitude farther north than about 42 degrees (Boston, Detroit, or Eugene, Oregon), the
sun is too low on the horizon from November through February for your skin to produce vitamin D,
according to the National Institutes of Health. Tallas also saw another potential Alaska limitation on the
natural pathway to vitamin D production.

“Most outdoor activity requires covering all but the face and hands approximately seven months of the
year,” she wrote in her thesis. “During the summer months residents keep much of their bodies clothed
because of the persistent and annoying mosquitoes and biting flies and because of this, an Alaskan
summer suntan becomes one of the face and hands.”

But even over bundled people like Alaskans show signs of enhanced vitamin D production from the sun.
Tallas found the highest levels of vitamin D in the Fairbanks volunteers’ blood in July, and the lowest
levels in March. Tallas attributed the July high occurring about a month after summer solstice to the time
needed for the body’s processing of sunlight and the conversion to vitamin D.

In Tallas’ study, volunteers showed low levels of vitamin D in the winter months, but most got sufficient
doses of vitamin D from sources other than the sun. Tallas also found that males had an average of 16
percent more vitamin D in their blood throughout the study, which she attributed in part to men being
outside more.

In charting an average for people’s time outside (you can’t convert sunlight to vitamin D through
windows), she found December was the low point of sunlight exposure when the sun struck the skin of
her volunteers for less than 20 minutes per day. People spent an average of more than two hours
exposed to Alaska sunlight in June and July. They seemed to hunker down in October when time outside
in the sun dropped to about half an hour after almost two hours of daily sun exposure in September.

Vitamin D levels in the volunteers’ blood dropped in August, September, October, November, December,
January, February, and March, but Tallas saw an occasional leap in midwinter. “When someone had gone
to Hawaii, we could see, very exactly, a significant spike in their vitamin D levels,” Tallas said. “The only
surprise was how it came a month or two after.”

In her thesis, Tallas wrote that a midwinter trip to somewhere close to the equator would be a good
thing for boosting Alaskans’ vitamin D levels. “Presuming that an individual’s lowest circulating vitamin D
level is found in March or April, such trips could potentially have a very significant effect in improving
late winter vitamin D status,” she wrote in her thesis. “Unfortunately a majority of Alaskan residents do
not take such trips often.” An easy alternative for Alaskans not travelling southward during the winter is
eating foods rich in vitamin D or taking vitamin D supplements, Tallas said.

1 Tallas invited Fairbank residents to her study through an advertisement.= a recruitment poster:
tờ quảng cáo tuyển dụng
2 Tallas examined the food intake as well as blood samples of the subjects to record their
vitamin D levels. (By looking at the blood work of those Fairbanks residents every month and
analyzing their diets, she charted their levels of vitamin D)
3 As you move up north, there is insufficient availability of sunlight.= the sun is too low : không
có đủ ánh sáng mặt trời
4 To avoid insect bites, Alaskans remain almost entirely clothed.= the persistent and annoying
mosquitoes and biting flies: côn trùng đốt, cắn
5 Spending more time outside led to higher vitamin D levels in male volunteers. (males had an
average of 16 percent more vitamin D in their blood throughout the study, which she attributed
in part to men being outside more.)
6 At its lowest, Alaskans are exposed to the sun for only a few minutes every day. (she found
December was the low point of sunlight exposure when the sun struck the skin of her volunteers
for less than 20 minutes per day.)
 7 A trip to sunny regions during winters can surge the vitamin D levels of Alaskans. =
somewhere close to the equator : nơi gần xích đạo  có nhiều nắng

Surge = boosting: tăng

Viết full task 1

The line graph illustrates the average number of patients who went to four clinics at a specific hospital
weekly between 2010 and 2016. Overall, the number of patients at the four clinics increased for all types
of visits except for birth control which was unchanged in general. Eye issues became the most common
over the period, so their figures went up significantly, overtaking birth control. While visits for diabetic
and dental issues increased slightly and remained lower throughout

In detail, the number of patients who visited the pregnancy clinic was nearly 250 people in 2010. This
figure rose to a peak of around 275 people by 2012. After two years, it plummeted to about 175 people.
Then, it increased again and recovered to its original figure at the end of the survey period. In contrast to
birth control, the number of patients who saw doctors concerning eye issues started lower at nearly 125
people, grew insignificantly over the next two years. Four years later, this figure increased sharply,
reaching the highest level among all other clinic types at about 350 people.

Likewise, there was a steady increase in the number of patients who went to the dental clinic from over
50 people in 2010 to under 100 people in 2014. This figure continued to increase sharply and reached
about 155 people in the last survey year. In contrast , mean patients count who visited the doctors
because of diabetes saw a decrease from 100 people in 2010 to over 50 people in 2012. After that, it
started to rise and reached its peak at over 100 people in 2014. There was a slight increase in the
number of patients to less than 150 people two years later.

Task 2: the advantages and disadvantages of organizing traditional festivals

In recent times, the world is increasingly developing and progressing, accompanied by more and more
festivals being held. Traditional festivals are cherished events celebrated worldwide, demonstrating rich
cultural heritage and community spirit. In this essay, I will detail the benefits and drawbacks of this
action.
Organizing traditional festivals brings lots of benefits. First of all, it serves as a platform to preserve
cultural heritage by showcasing age-old customs, rituals and traditions. Through these celebrations,
communities pass down cultural knowledge and values to future generations. Therefore, it will ensure
the continuity of their unique identity. Furthermore, these festivals bring people together, fostering a
sense of community and a sense of belonging. Everyone participates in the festival together, enjoys
entertainment activities, laughs together, this will create a very happy and united atmosphere. Such
cohesion enhances social harmony and mutual understanding.

However, there are also some drawbacks of organizing traditional festivals. One of the primary
drawbacks is causing negative environmental consequences. They often increase waste, energy
consumption and pollution. Managing the environmental impact of festivals, including waste
management and transportation, is a significant challenge. Additionally, festivals, particularly large-scale
events, can disrupt normal daily activities for residents living in the vicinity. Noise pollution, traffic
congestion, and temporary closures of roads or public spaces can inconvenience local residents and
businesses.

In conclusion, while organizing traditional festivals offers numerous advantages such as cultural
preservation, community cohesion. Nevertheless, they also present challenges including environmental
impact, disrupting people's daily lives.