1.

Which gland of the endocrine

And nervous system controls The
other gland in the body.

- There are 8 major endocrine

glands that consists in our body
but, there is only one called as the
"Master Gland", and it is the
Pituitary. For background, A gland
is an organ that makes
substances such as digestive
juices, hormones, sweat and
tears. However, endocrine glands
release these hormones directly
into your bloodstream.
Nevertheless, why is the pituitary
gland called as the master
secreter? It is called that because
it is the one who controls the
function of many of the other
endocrine glands. Although its
main function is it makes or
produce several hormones that
helps carry out bodily functions
such as controlling blood
pressure, energy management,
metabolism and many more. We
all know that pituitary gland is a
part of
endocrine system but, why is it
considered as a nervous system
gland?

The pituitary gland has a

connection between the nervous
system because of the
hypothalamus. The hypothalamus
is part of the endocrine system
and it's the one responsible for
controlling your pituitary gland
after receiving signals from
your nervous system. In short
the hypothalamus is as important
as the pituitary even though it is
not the "master gland" because it
is the one who communicates with
the pituitary.
2. How will you Differentiate
thyroid and paratyroid gland in
terms of location and function?

- The thyroid and the parathyroid

gland is considered as part of the
8 major endocrine
Glands that consists in our body.
These two may look like it is the
same thing for it kind
of has a same name but these two
are different in terms of function
and location. First of all in terms of
location, the thyroid gland—the
thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped
gland that is placed in front of the
trachea (windpipe) and the larynx
(voice box). In the other hand, the
parathyroid glands are four tiny
glands that lies at the back of the
thyroid gland—the name of it
already explains because "para"
means near, and it is near the
thyroid. But does this mean that it
has the same functions? No.
The only similarity these two have
is it produce hormones, but what
is the hormones they secrete?

The thyroid gland produces

hormones that is responsible for
the body's metabolic rate, growth
and development. It somehow
plays a role in controlling
autonomic muscles. The thyroid
gland also use iodine from the
food
we eat to make two thyroid
hormones which regulates the
way our body use energy.
Meanwhile, the parathyroid gland
secretes the parathyroid hormone
which plays a role in the
regulation of calcium levels,
magnesium and phosphorus in
the blood. These minerals helps
us to have a healthy bone and
proper functioning of muscles and
nerve cells. These two may not
have the same functions, but both
functions helps our body to work
better.

3. If a person's blood sugar

becomes unstable, what glands
might be involved in the problem?
-The endocrine hormones
functions is to produce specific
hormones in our body to help the
body maintain a balance, but what
might happen if there's an
instability in a person's sugar
level? First of all, if there's an
instability in one's body, you'll
know that
there must be an organ affected,
in this case it's the pancreas.
Why? The pancreas is a large
gland that lies behind the
stomach. This organ has two
functions, it helps in digesting
foods and makes the hormone
insulin, which helps to control
blood sugar levels. But first, a
malfunction in one's blood sugar
level is possible and it happens
more than you think, and one of
the common diseases that this
causes to is diabetes. Diabetes is
a chronic, metabolic disease
characterized by elevated levels
of blood glucose (or blood sugar),
which leads over time to serious
damage to the heart, blood
vessels, eyes, kidneys and
nerves, and this is caused when
the pancreas does not produce
enough insulin or when the
body cannot effectively use the
insulin it produces.

4. How important is the thymus

gland in keeping your body free
from diseases?
- The thymus gland plays a big
role in keeping our body safe but,
what is its specific function for us
to consider it as something so
important? First of all, the location
of the thymus gland is in the chest
between the lungs, it's a few
inches below the thyroid gland.
The thymus gland is a small gland
that is part of your lymphatic
system. The lymphatic system is
part of the immune system and by
that, you're going to have an idea
what's the purpose of this
secreter. This specific gland
makes and trains special white
blood cells called T-cells. And
these so called T-cells help your
immune system to fight diseases
and infections, it also identifies the
bacteria and viruses that invades
in our body and protects us from it
or fights the infection. Your
thymus gland produces most of
the T-cells before birth. The rest
of the T-cells are made in
childhood, and you'll have all T-
cells needed for protecting your
body from
infections by the time you hit
puberty.

5. What might happen to a person

born without a thymus gland?
- Just as I said in the previous
question, the thymus gland is one
of the major parts in our endocrine
system that has an important role
in our body because, it is the one
who protects us or fights the
infections or viruses that comes in
in our body. But what might
happen if a person doesn't have
this? Of course, if someone's born
without a part of their body that's
going to protect them from viruses
then their immune system will be
susceptible to infections. Based
on a research, if a baby is born
without a thymus gland, it can only
live 2 to 3 years before
succumbing to infections. If they
do not have a thymus gland, then
there will be no organ that's going
to produce and train T-cells that
can help a person's immune
system. Although this can
happen, it happens rarely and it is
treatable. Thymus transplantation
may act as a cure for this
condition.

6. How will you explain the

sudden boost of energy, increased
strength and extraordinary ability
to lift very heavy objects
especially during emergency
situations?

- "Adrenaline flowing in my veins"

they said. Adrenaline rush is very
normal when it comes to
experiencing scenarios that
makes you panicky. Adrenaline
rush is a feeling of excitement,
stimulation and enhanced physical
ability produced when the body
secretes large amounts of
adrenaline in response to a
sudden perceived or induced
stress situation. It may involved
an increase heart rate, blood
sugar, blood
pressure and more. It can also
make you feel jittery and
nauseous. But what is the
explanation behind it? This is all
caused by the adrenal glands in
our body. There are 2 triangular-
shaped adrenal glands in our
body and both glands are placed
on top of each kidney. This
secreter produce hormones that
help regulate your metabolism,
immune system, blood pressure,
response to stress and other
essential functions. Your adrenal
glands produces the hormone
adrenaline and send it into your
bloodstream. This hormone
helps you face dangerous
situations by causing temporary
changes in your body.
7. Why is injecting insulin an
essential part of the daily regime
for most people with diabetes?

- For background, the pancreas is

the one responsible for the
release of insulin.
Therefore, if the body does not
produce insulin, blood sugar
levels can become dangerously
high causing people to have
diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic
disease that doesn't have a cure,
yet, and having this disease can
lead to serious damages in our
organs. But why is the insulin
important in this topic? The
function of insulin is to regulate
the body's energy supply by
balancing micronutrient levels
during the fed state . It is also
the one that transports
intracellular glucose to insulin-
dependent cells/tissues, such as
liver, muscle, and adipose tissue.
But the main purpose of insulin is
to move glucose from the
bloodstream into the body's cell to
make energy. From what I said,
the diabetes doesn't have any
permanent cure, and the only
thing that can help to lessen the
bad effects of it in the disease's
body is to inject insulin regularly
and it is made in order to keep the
person alive.
8. Why does the menstrual cycle
stop during menopause?

- we all know that women will go

to a point in their life where their
period will completely stop. But
how does this happen? Well,
Menopause is the time that
marks the end of your
menstrual cycles. It's diagnosed
after you've gone 12 months
without a menstrual period. First
of all, The pituitary is the one that
releases hormones that promotes
ovulation ( the process in which
a mature egg is released from
the ovary) and produces the
female hormones which are
estrogen and progesterone. But
the real question here is why
does the menstrual cycle stops
at menopause. Let us consider
that a woman's egg cells are
numbered. the limited number
of egg cells along with the
decreased production of the
hormone estrogen cause
menopause to set in. Simply,
once a woman has already
reached
menopause, the woman's ovaries
stop releasing eggs and her body
produces less of estrogen and
progesterone or the female
hormones.

9. How do oral contraceptives,

specially birth control pills, prevent
pregnancy?
- Contraception is the intentional
prevention of fertilization through
the use of various devices,
chemicals, drugs or surgical
procedures. Some known
contraceptives are using a
condom, UID, withdrawal
methods, and the use of birth
control pills. But what is the main
purpose of these contraceptions?
These contraceptions allows a
physical relationship without
fear of an unwanted pregnancy
and ensures freedom to have
children when desired. However,
in what way do they work
especially birth control pills? birty
control pill is a daily pill that
contains
hormones to change the way the
body works and prevent
pregnancy. Hormones are
chemical substances that is in
charge in how the body's organs
work. In this case, the hormones
that contains in the pill controls
the ovaries and the uterus.
The hormones estrogen and
progesterone contains in this pill,
and these hormones prevents
ovulation which is the release of
the egg during the monthly
menstrual cycle. And once a
female doesn't ovulate, which also
means that there is no egg to be
fertilized, then prenancy can't
happen. The Pill also works by
thickening the mucus around the
cervix, which makes it difficult for
sperm to enter the uterus and
reach any eggs that may have
been released.

10. Breastfeeding releases

oxytocin and prolactin, hormones
that relax the mother and make
her feel more nurturing toward her
baby. On the other hand, how
does the
baby benefit from the production
of these hormones in the mother's
body?

- Pregnancy can really make a

drastic change in how your body
works. It somehow affects the way
you do your routines and mood,
and these are all caused by your
hormones—some of these
hormones are oxytocin and
prolactin. But what are these two?
Oxytocin can be present in both
animal and humans. In humans it
plays roles in behavior that
include social bonding,
reproduction, childbirth, and the
period after childbirth. In the other
hand, prolactin is a hormone
released from
the anterior pituitary gland that sti
mulates milk production
after childbirth. These two
hormones are connected in
childbirth and these helps for
mothers to provide for their child,
but in what way?
These two hormones are
important so that the baby can get
milk from the mother
because as what I've said before,
the prolactin is responsible for the
stimulation of production of breast
milk which is needed for
breastfeeding. Meanwhile, the
oxytocin helps for the releasing of
milk. With these two, it can benefit
the baby to get the milk easily and
be properly nourished.