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a) f(-2) : look at curve f(x) when x = -2. we will get -20. so, f(-2) = -20. it is negative.
b) f(0) : look at curve f(x) when x = 0. f(0) = 15. it is positive.
c) f(4) : look at curve f(x) when x = 4. f(4) = -5. it is negative.
d) f(5) : look at curve f(x) when x = 5. f(5) = 0. it is zero.
e) f’(-2) : look at curve f(x) when x = -2. make a tangential line(red line) at that point. it go up, so,
gradient is positive.
f) f’(0) : look at curve f(x) when x = 0. make a tangential line(orange line) at that point. it go up,
so, gradient is positive.
g) f’(4) : look at curve f(x) when x = 4. make a tangential line(blue line) at that point. it is
stationary point. it is zero.
h) f’(5) : look at curve f(x) when x = 5. make a tangential line(green line) at that point. it go up. it
is positive.
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a. f(2) = 96 ft. from sentence “After 2 seconds, the object’s height is 96 feet”.
b. f’(2) = 16 ft/sec. from next sentence “and it is moving up at 16 ft/sec.”

a. f(20) = 50 gallons. ; from sentence “After 20 minutes, the tank has 50 gallons of water”.
b. f’(20) = 3 gal/min. ; from sentence “and the quantity is increasing at 3 gal/min.”.

we focus on slope of the graph (curve). so, we have to build tangential line each points.

slope of positive : tangential line go up. A and D.

slope of negative : tangential line go down. C and F.
greatest slope : tangential line go up fastest. A.
least slope : tangential line go down fastest. F.
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a. velocity over 0≤ t ≤ 0.2.

(s at t = 0.2) − (s at t = 0) 0.5 − 0
= = 2.5 ft/sec.
0.2 − 0 0.2
b. velocity over 0.2≤ t ≤ 0.4.
(s at t = 0.4) − (s at t = 0.2) 1.8 − 0.5
= = 6.5 ft/sec.
0.4 − 0.2 0.2
c. instantaneous velocity at t = 0.2 :
(s at 0.4sec.) + (s at 0.2sec.) 6.5 + 2.5
= = 4.5 ft/sec.
2 2
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a. (i) h = 0.1 :
s(1) − s(0.9) (4(1)2 + 3) − (4(0.9)2 + 3)
s on 0.9 ≤ t ≤ 1 = = = 7.6 meter/sec.
1 − 0.9 0.1
s(1.1) − s(1) (4(1.1)2 + 3) − (4(1)2 + 3)
s on 1 ≤ t ≤ 1.1 = = = 8.4 meter/sec.
1.1 − 1 0.1
7.6 + 8.4
average velocity between t= 1 and t= 1+h; (h=0.1) = = 8 meter/sec.
2
(ii) h = 0.01 :
s(1) − s(0.99) (4(1)2 + 3) − (4(0.99)2 + 3)
s on 0.99 ≤ t ≤ 1 = = = 7.96 meter/sec.
1 − 0.99 0.01
s(1.01) − s(1) (4(1.01)2 + 3) − (4(1)2 + 3)
s on 1 ≤ t ≤ 1.01 = = = 8.04 meter/sec.
1.01 − 1 0.01
7.96 + 8.04
average velocity between t= 1 and t= 1+h; (h=0.01) = = 8 meter/sec.
2
(ii) h = 0.001 :
s(1) − s(0.999) (4(1)2 + 3) − (4(0.999)2 + 3)
s on 0.99 ≤ t ≤ 1 = = = 7.996 meter/
1 − 0.999 0.001
sec.
s(1.001) − s(1) (4(1.001)2 + 3) − (4(1)2 + 3)
s on 1 ≤ t ≤ 1.01 = = = 8.004 meter/
1.001 − 1 0.001
sec.
7.996 + 8.004
average velocity between t= 1 and t= 1+h; (h=0.001) = = 8 meter/sec.
2
b. all average in a. are 8 meter/sec. so, the average velocity at t = 1 is 8 meter/sec.
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cause f’(100) = 0.4 ; we knew “when x change by 1 at x=100, y or f(x) will increase by 0.4”.
so, change in y, estimate by : f’(100)×(101-100) = 0.4

cause p’(400) = 2 ; we knew “when x change by 1 at x = 400, y or p(x) will increase by 2”.
so, change in y, estimate by : p’(400)×(398-400) = 2×-2 = -4.