Formula Card Projectile Motion, Circular

(Kinematics in 2D & 3D) Motion, and Relative Motion

Topic: Projectile Motion – it is the simultaneous motion of the projectile along x- and y-axis (independently)

Quantity,
Equation
Symbol, Definition Equation Legend
No.
and SI Unit
Treated as uniform motion where the ∆𝑥 ⃑ 𝒂𝒗 =average velocity (SI: m/s)
𝒗
projectile is constantly moving along 3.4.1 𝑣𝑎𝑣 = ∆𝒙 = x displacement (SI: m)
∆𝑡
Horizontal x-axis. Hence, the initial x-component 𝒙𝒇 = final x-position (SI: m)
Component of the velocity is equal to the final x- 𝒙𝒊 = initial x-position (SI: m)
component of the velocity (𝒗 ⃑ 𝒊𝒙 = 3.4.2 𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑎𝑣 ∆𝑡
∆𝒕 = change in time (SI: s)
⃑ 𝒇𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂
𝒗 ⃑ 𝒙 = 𝟎)
Treated as Freefall Motion (UAM ⃑ 𝒇𝒚 = final velocity (SI: m/s)
𝒗
along y-axis) with constant 3.11 𝑣𝑓𝑦 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 + 𝑔t ⃑ 𝒊𝒚 = initial velocity (SI: m/s)
𝒗
Vertical
acceleration (𝒈 𝒎
⃑⃑ = −𝟗. 𝟖 ⁄ 𝟐 ). Sign t = span of time of the motion
Component 𝒔 1
Convention should always be 3.12 ∆𝑦= 𝑣𝑖𝑦 t + 𝑔t2 (SI: s)
of Projectile 2
∆𝒚 = y displacement (SI: m)
Motion followed.
⃑⃑ = −9.8 𝑚⁄ 2 , acceleration
𝒈
3.13 𝑣𝑓𝑦 2 = 𝑣𝑖𝑦 2 + 2𝑔∆𝑦 𝑠
due to gravity (SI: m/s2)
The time it takes for the projectile to
reach maximum height where the
Time up, 𝑡𝑢𝑝 −𝑣𝑖𝑦 − 𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑖
velocity along y is instantaneously 0 4.1 =
(SI: s) 𝑔⃑ 𝑔⃑
m/s (for Cases 2 and 3 of Projectile
Motion only).
The time it takes for the projectile to
complete the trajectory at the same −2𝑣𝑖𝑦
Time of level it is released (for Cases 2 and 3 = 𝒗𝒊𝒚 = magnitude of the y-
𝑔⃑
flight, 𝑡𝑇 of Projectile Motion only). It is twice 4.2 component of the initial
−2 (𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑖 )
(SI: s) the 𝑡𝑢𝑝 by the principle of the time veloctiy (SI: m/s)
𝑔⃑
symmetry in Case 2 of Freefall 𝒗𝒊 = magnitude of initial
Motion. veloctiy (SI: m/s)
The horizontal displacement of the 𝜽𝒊 = angle of release/
projectile measured from the origin projectioon (SI: °)
Range, R −𝑣𝑖2 sin 2𝜃𝑖
to the same level the it landed along 4.3 ⃑⃑ = −9.8 𝑚⁄ 2 , acceleration
𝒈
(SI: m) 𝑔 𝑠
the x-axis (for Cases 2 and 3 of due to gravity (SI: m/s2)
Projectile Motion only).
The maximum height that projectile
can be reached measured from the
Maximum −𝑣𝑖𝑦 2 −𝑣2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑖
same level from where it is released
Height, H 4.4 =
to the point where the velocity along 𝑔 2𝑔⃑
(SI: m)
y is instantaneously 0 m/s (for Cases
2 and 3 of Projectile Motion only).
The image below shows the anatomy of the projectile motion (Case 2 of Projectile Motion).

Prepared by:
Roberto L. Rodriguez, Jr.
rrodriguez@feucavite.edu.ph
General Physics 1
Topic: Circular Motion (Uniform Circular Motion) -motion of an object with constant speed (𝒗) and changing
tangential velocity (𝒗
⃑ ) along a circular path with radius of curvature (r)

Quantity,
Equation
Symbol, and Definition Equation Legend
No.
SI Unit
Circumference, The measure of total path covered in r = radius of the circular path
C one complete revolution. - 2𝜋𝑟 (SI: m)
(SI: m)
It describes how frequent the object -
Frequency,f passes a certain point in the circular 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4.5
(SI: Hz) path. It is the number of revolutions 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
per second
The measure of time it takes to 1 f = frequency (SI: 1/s or Hz)
Period, T
complete a revolution. It is the 4.6
(SI: s) 𝑓
reciprocal of the frequency, f.
The constant speed of the object C = circumference (SI: m)
Tangential moving the in circular motion. It is T= period (SI: s)
𝐶 2𝜋𝑟
speed, 𝑣 the magnitude of the tangential 4.7 = = 2𝜋𝑟𝑓 f = frequency (SI: 1/s or Hz)
(SI: m/s) velocity (𝒗⃑ ) with changing direction 𝑇 𝑇 r = radius of the circular path
during the motion. (SI: m)
Radial or The center-seeking acceleration that 𝑣 = tangential speed (SI: m/s)
Centripetal causes the change in the direction of r = radius of the circular path
𝑣2
Acceleration, the tangential velocity (𝒗 ⃑ ) and 4.8 (SI: m)
𝒂𝒓 or 𝒂𝑪 maintains the object in the curved 𝑟
(SI: m/s2) path.

Topic: Circular Motion (Non-Uniform Circular Motion) - motion of an object with changing speed (𝒗) and
changing tangential velocity (𝒗
⃑ ) along a circular path with radius of curvature (r)

Quantity,
Equation
Symbol, and Definition Equation Legend
No.
SI Unit
The acceleration tangent to the ∆𝑣 = (constant) change in
curved path that causes the change tangential speed (SI: m/s)
in the magnitude of the tangential 𝑣𝑓 = final tangential speed (SI:
Tangential velocity (𝒗
⃑ ). In this level, the change ∆𝑣 𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖 m/s)
Acceleration,
𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏
in the magnitude of the tangential 4.9 =𝑡 𝑣𝑓 = initial tangential speed
velocity (𝒗
⃑ ) is assumed constant. ∆𝑡 𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖 (SI: m/s)
(SI: m/s2)
∆𝑡 = change in time (SI: s)
𝑡𝑓 = final time (SI: s)
𝑡𝑖 = initial time (SI: s)

Topic: Relative Motion - motion of an object that considers different perspectives from different frames of
reference

Things to Consider:
1. Identify the correct frame of reference to know how the motion takes place relative to the frame.
2. Define variables/symbols to be set in analyzing problem consistent with the chosen and defined frame of
reference.
3. Analyzing relative motion requires skills on vector addition. Hence, skills on converting polar to
rectangular coordinates and vice-versa can be used.
4. In analyzing relative motion, the equation to be used is the first step in the computation.
5. To be sure that you are adding the relative (vector) quantities correctly, think of the subscripts as if they
were fractions that get multiplied when the vectors are added.

Prepared by:
Roberto L. Rodriguez, Jr.
rrodriguez@feucavite.edu.ph
General Physics 1