Lecture Notes: STHOOLDEWCC using Laplace Transforms

1. Given : 𝒚′′ + 𝟐𝒚′ + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟎 𝒚𝑰 (𝟎) = 𝟏

Required : PS
Solution :

1
𝑠 2 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 𝐼 (0) + 2 [𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0)] + 5𝐿{𝑦} =
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

1
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5)𝐿{𝑦} − 1 =
𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 3
𝐿{𝑦} =
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)(s 2 + 2s + 5)

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 3 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵 𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷
2 2
= 2 + 2
(𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 5)(s + 2s + 2) s + 2s + 5 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 3 = ( 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵)(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2) + ( 𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷)( s 2 + 2s + 5)
= 𝐴𝑠 3 + 2𝐴𝑠 2 + 2𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵𝑠 2 + 2𝐵𝑠 + 2𝐵 + 𝐶𝑠 3 + 2𝐶𝑠 2 + 5𝐶𝑠 + 𝐷𝑠 2 + 2𝐷𝑠 + 5𝐷
= (𝐴 + 𝐶)𝑠 3 + (2𝐴 + 𝐵 + 2𝐶 + 𝐷)𝑠 2 + (2𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 5𝐶 + 2𝐷)𝑠 + 2𝐵 + 5𝐷

[1]: 𝐴+𝐶 = 0
[2]: 2𝐴 + 𝐵 + 2𝐶 + 𝐷 = 1
𝐵+𝐷 = 1
[3]: 2𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 5𝐶 + 2𝐷 = 2
[4]: 2𝐵 + 5𝐷 = 3

[2]*-2: −2𝐵 − 2𝐷 = −2

4: 2𝐵 + 5𝐷 = 3

3𝐷 = 1

1
𝐷 =
3

2
𝐵 =
3

[3]: 2 = 2𝐵 + 3𝐶 + 2𝐷
 4 2
2= + 3𝐶 +
3 3

𝐶 = 0
𝐴=0

2/3 1/3 2/3 1/3

𝐿{𝑦} = + 2 = +
s2 + 2s + 5 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2 (s + 1) + 4 (s + 1)2 + 1
2

1 2 1 1
= [ ] + [ ]
3 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 4 3 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

1 1
𝑦 = 3 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 3 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑥

𝒆−𝒙
𝒚= [𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒙) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙]
𝟑
2. Given : 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥 𝑦(0) = 𝑦 𝐼 (0) = 0
Required : PS
Solution :

𝑠−1
𝑠 2 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 𝐼 (0) − [𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0)] =
(𝑠 − 1)2 + 1

𝑠−1
(𝑠 2 − 𝑠)𝐿{𝑦} =
(𝑠 − 1)2 + 1

1
𝐿{𝑦} =
𝑠(𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2)

1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶
= + 2
𝑠(𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2) 𝑠 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 2

1 = 𝐴(𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)𝑠

1 = 𝐴𝑠 2 − 2𝐴𝑠 + 2𝐴 + 𝐵𝑠 2 + 𝐶𝑠
1 = (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑠 2 + (𝐶 − 2𝐴)𝑠 + 2𝐴

1 1
𝐴=2 𝐵 = −2 C=1

1 1
1 − 2𝑠
2
𝐿{𝑦} = + 2
𝑠 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 2

1
1 1 𝑠−1 1
𝐿{𝑦} = 2 + − [ + ]
𝑠 (𝑠 − 1) + 1 2 (𝑠 − 1) + 1 (𝑠 − 1)2 + 1
2 2

1
1 1 1 𝑠−1
𝐿{𝑦} = 2 + [ 2
]− [ ]
𝑠 2 (𝑠 − 1) + 1 2 (𝑠 − 1)2 + 1

𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
𝒚= + 𝒆 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒆𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
3. Given : 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦(0) = 𝑦 𝐼 (0) = 0
Required : PS
Solution :

6
𝑠 2 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦 𝐼 (0) − 4[𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0)] + 4𝐿{𝑦} =
(𝑠 − 2)4

6
(𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 4)𝐿{𝑦} =
(𝑠 − 2)4

6 6 5!
𝐿{𝑦} = 6
= [ ]
(𝑠 − 2) 5! ( 𝑠 − 2) 6

𝟏 𝟐𝒙 𝟓
𝒚= 𝒆 𝒙
𝟐𝟎

4. Given : 𝑦 𝐼𝑉 − 𝑦 = 0 𝑦 𝐼 (0) = 𝑦 𝐼𝐼𝐼 (0) = 0 𝑦(0) = 1 𝑦 𝐼𝐼 (0) = −1

Required : PS
Solution :

𝑠 4 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠 3 𝑦(0) − 𝑠 2 𝑦 𝐼 (0) − 𝑠𝑦 𝐼𝐼 (0) − 𝑦 𝐼𝐼𝐼 (0) − 𝐿{𝑦} = 0

(𝑠 4 − 1)𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠 3 + 𝑠 = 0

𝑠(𝑠 2 − 1) 𝑠
𝐿{𝑦} = 2 =
(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 2 + 1) 𝑠 2 + 1

𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙