THE IMPACT OF USING FACEBOOK ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ACADEMY

BUMANGLAG, REINE ELAIZA

CHUA, JULIAN IGNACIO R.

CONTILLO, LAISHA FRANCI E.

GUITTAP, CHRIZZA MAE F.

NATIVIDAD, JANICA JAYNE C.

PARANES, PHILIP AUGUST M.

TABILE, VHIANCA NORVIE FEI B.

VIVES, ETHAN JACOB C.

Researchers

MS. JESSA MAE RIELLY B. ARZAGA

Practical Research II Adviser

2024
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Internet and smartphones enable users to be permanently online and permanently

connected (Vorderer et al., 2018). As a consequence, users can permanently be distracted by

social media. Social media distraction refers to the process by which social media cues draw an

individual’s attention away from a task that they originally pursued (e.g., working). Due to

especially mobile access to social media, distractions by social media can occur frequently. In

today's society, social media is a controversial issue. Several debates concern whether social

media is beneficial or detrimental. Many people debate if social media could simplify people's

lives or if it merely enhances a person's attitudes and behavior, especially toward students.

Students may communicate with anyone in any part of the world at a much faster rate with

the help of social media. Student’s use of social media has a significant impact on their learning

and academic performance. These platforms allow students to post their resumes, network with

professionals, and submit applications for employment. In cases where students struggle to

understand what their teachers are teaching them, social media helps them to keep up with the

lessons. They can use Google, Wikipedia and YouTube sites to search for certain topics.

Social media can have a positive impact, but it cannot change the fact that it also has an

impact on student's behavior and attitude. As society observes various events nowadays, social

networking sites are significantly jeopardized when students fall for the tricks used by social

networking. Instead of studying or engaging with others in person, students waste time on social

I
networking websites and disregard their academic obligations. Social networking can have a

negative impact on student's academics or their ability to advance in their future careers.

Previous studies on multitasking have consistently demonstrated negative effects of

distraction on performance (Jeong and Hwang, 2016), on academic performance among students

(Junco and Cotten, 2012; Giunchiglia et al., 2018), and on well-being (e.g., Brooks, 2015). By

drawing away user’s attention, distractions take up limited cognitive resources. Also, engaging in

excessive social media use can develop into an addiction that inculcates undesirable habits.

Students prefer to chat with friends for hours, and this leads to a waste of time that could have

been used for studying, playing, or learning new skills. But this virtual way of communicating

with each other does not lead to a natural, friendly experience and hence cannot produce a

healthy relationship with those friends. Also, these relationships tend to terminate easily due to a

lack of personal contact. Furthermore, youths nowadays. use social media as a revenge tool for

their enemies causing cyber bullying.

Facebook is the most frequently visited social media networking site worldwide (Ryan &

Xenos 2011). Mason and Rennie (2007: 199) reasoned, “shared community spaces and inter-

group communications are a massive part of what excites young people and therefore should

contribute to [their] persistence and motivation to learn”. Following this line of reasoning, higher

education institutions have increasingly used Facebook as an alternative space wherein students

can network online with peers and faculty. This offers students and instructors opportunities to

communicate and engage with learning tasks through technology that they are already using to

socialize (VanDoorn & Eklund, 2013). There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that

Facebook enhances students’ learning outcomes, such as their ability to demonstrate

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understanding of the unit material, and construct knowledge for themselves (e.g. Roblyer,

McDaniel, Webb, Herman, & Witty, 2010; Yu, Tian, Vogel and Kwok, 2010).

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to examine the impacts of Facebook to the Senior High School students of

Immaculate Conception Academy to obtain a better understanding of its frequent usage.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What activities or contents are present in Facebook?

2. How frequent do students spend time on Facebook than on their homework?

3. What are the impacts of using Facebook to their education in terms of :

3.1 Positive Impacts;

3. 2 Negative Impacts?

Purpose of the study

The goal of this study is to investigate whether Facebook serves as a source of motivation

or distraction for students by examining the impacts, to gain a better understanding of its

concepts on the education and overall well-being. The findings of this study may contribute to

the existing knowledge of social media.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will be limited to the impacts of Facebook to the Senior High School students

of Immaculate Conception Academy. This study will concentrate on examining the Positive and

Negative impacts to gain a better understanding of its concepts on education, overall well being.

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Significance of the Study

This study will benefit the following:

STUDENTS. Students may be able to track their usage on Facebook.

TEACHERS. Teachers may be able to implement rules regarding the use of Facebook as an

educational tool.

PARENTS. Parents may be able to determine if social media platforms such as Facebook are

benefiting their children's academic performance.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS. Future researchers might be able to use this study as a source of

information and compile data using our findings.

Definition of Terms

Social Platforms. It refers to online platforms and tools that allow individuals and groups to

interact, share information, and create and consume content.

Facebook. Refers to the social media app that students use for their personal and educational

needs.

Motivation. The term refers to the use of social media for academic work assistance and an urge

to willingly complete academic work.

Distraction. In this study, the term refers to the thoughts or occurrences that divert focus from

academic obligations.

Education. As used in this study, this refers to one’s quality performance in achievements and

academic subject grades subsequent to the usage of social media.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This review of related literature seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing

research on the usage of social platforms.

Common social platform used by students

Greenwood et al. (2016), Pew Research Center has documented the wide variety of ways

in which Americans use social media to seek out information and interact with others. A majority

of Americans now say they get news via social media, and half of the public has turned to these

sites to learn about the 2016 presidential election.

Americans are using social media in the context of work (whether to take a mental break

on the job or to seek out employment), while also engaging in an ongoing effort to navigate the

complex privacy issues that these sites bring to the forefront.

In that context, a national survey of 1,520 adults conducted March 7-April 4, 2016, finds

that Facebook continues to be America’s most popular social networking platform by a

substantial margin: Nearly eight-in-ten online Americans (79%) now use Facebook, more than

double the share that uses Twitter (24%), Pinterest (31%), Instagram (32%) or LinkedIn (29%).

On a total population basis (accounting for Americans who do not use the internet at all), that

means that 68% of all U.S. adults are Facebook users, while 28% use Instagram, 26% use

Pinterest, 25% use LinkedIn and 21% use Twitter.

According to Facebook press site (Facebook, 2010), there are 500 million of active users

only on this site, with an average of 130 contacts or "friends" per user. Besides, 50% of users log

in any day of the week and about 200 million users make access using mobile devices. In

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addition, Twitter has about 175 million registered users with traffic of 95 million tweets a day

(almost 1,100 messages per second). Nielsen (2010) mentions that the world now uses over 110

billion minutes on social network and blog sites. This numbers represents 22% of all online time.

In México, the main activities of online users are e-mailing, instant messaging, contacting

friends and family on social networks and searching/reading national and international news.

However, social networking is the principal entertainment activity being Facebook, YouTube and

Twitter the most popular (Menéndez & Juárez, 2011).

Growth on Social Networks usage is undeniable and, at the same time, the research

focusing on social networking sites. However, there is still a lack of assessment about the impact

of this type of sites (Cha, 2010). One attempt is being performed by the Carnegie Mellon

Software Engineering Institute (SEI) looks for create a concept lab for exploring how social

networking technology and software engineering technology need to be designed and operated

(SEI, 2011) .

The use of Facebook as a learning tool

The rapid adoption of social media technologies has resulted in a fundamental shift in the

way communication and collaboration take place. As staff and students use social media

technologies in their personal lives, it is important to explore how social media technologies are

being used as an educational tool. (Chugh & Ruhi, 2017).

The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of social media, in particular, Facebook, as an

educational tool in higher education. Through a review of the literature, this paper explores the

myriad ways in which Facebook is being used as an educational instrument for learning and

teaching. Multiple benefits of Facebook usage for learning and teaching have been identified

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such as increased teacher-student and student-student interaction, improved performance, the

convenience of learning and higher engagement (Chugh & Ruhi, 2017).

The paper also highlights the potential problems and limitations of Facebook usage

ranging from educators’ dominance to privacy concerns. Finally, Facebook usage guidelines that

can be adopted by educators to encourage social media adoption are proposed. As social media

usage continues to grow in higher education, future empirical research is warranted (Chugh &

Ruhi, 2017).

Awareness and usage of social media among students

According Vijayalakshmi & Nandhini (2016), Social Media is an internet-based form of

communication. Social Media platforms allow users to have conversations, share information

and create web content. There are many forms of Social Media, Including Blogs, Micro-Blogs,

Wikis, Social Networking Sites, Photo-Sharing Sites, Instant Messaging, Video-Sharing Sites,

Podcasts, Widgets, Virtual Worlds, and more. Social Media is an essential part of campus life for

students now-a-days. Some of benefits of using social media are Socialization and

communication, enhanced learning opportunities and accessing health information.

The study is based on primary data collected from 50 students in Coimbatore. Convenient

sampling technique was applied and the data have been analyzed by using the statistical tools

such as Simple Percentage Analysis, Mean Ranking, Kendall's Co-Efficient of Concordance (W)

and ANOVA to reveal the results of the study. Since the user groups are educated and their size

and mutual participation is increasing day by day, it is necessary to ensure to use social media for

academic performance of the Students (Vijayalakshmi &Nandhini, 2016).

VII
Exploring the Use of Social Media in Education from Learners Perspective

According to Alhaidari, (2018) Social Media has affected different fields of our lives,

students are using and contributing to social media tools formally and informally, to benefit from

networking, research, engagement and motivation. In this research, they explored the use of

social media tools by students in term of formal and informal learning, inside and outside the

learning management system (LMS).

They designed an online survey distributed to higher education students in Saudi Arabia.

The number of participants were (102), and (88) of them were female student, the rest were male

students (Alhaidari, 2018).

The results show that social networking tools are the top consumed tools with (81%) of

responses, on the other hand, document sharing tools are the top tool the participants contribute

to with (58%) responses. There is a significant difference in the use of social media based on

scope of use, inside and outside LMS, this difference is due to the nature of the tools, academic

level and scope of interactions (Alhaidari, 2018).

According to Mohammad et al., (2020) conducted a study aimed to explore the impact of

social media on unethical behaviors from the perspective of ninth and tenth grade students in

Jordan adopted descriptive and quantitative approaches. They used a questionnaire to identify the

social media platform used the most by ninth and tenth grade students in Amman and Balqa,

Jordan.

Through using the questionnaire, they aimed to explore the impact of social media on

unethical behaviors in family and society. It was found that YouTube is the social media platform

used the most by ninth and tenth grade students in Jordan. Electronic games- e.g., Pubg,

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Fortnite, Sims and etc.- are ranked second in this regard. Facebook is ranked third. Instagram is

ranked third too. Snapchat is ranked fourth and Twitter is ranked fifth. Twitter is ranked last

(Mohammad et al., 2020).

It was found that social media significantly affects family and society. It was found that

social media has been playing a significant role in promoting unfamiliar values in society. Social

media has been promoting the use of bad words among young people. In terms of family, it was

found that the prevalence of social media led to reducing the extent of interaction between family

members. It was found that social media led to reducing the degree to which children interact

with their family member. It was found that social media negatively affects family relationships.

It was found that there are statistically significant differences –at the statistical significance level

of (a=0.05)- between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to city and family

income. The latter difference are for the favor of the respondents living in the city and the

respondents whose family income is high (Mohammad et al., 2020).

The researchers recommend holding lectures for students and parents to promote

awareness about the advantages and disadvantages of using social media. Such lectures must

include information about the way of using social media and organizing one’s time to use it.

Keywords: social media, unethical behaviors, Jordanian students (Mohammad et al., 2020).

Positive side of Social Media

DeBell & Chapman (2006) conducted a survey on US students and pointed out that the

students are the dense user of computer and Internet. The Principle utilization of Cyberspace by

the students is for communicating and coordinating with fellow students and connecting with the

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teachers. The students complete their assignment and get all official announcements through

social media.

Emeka & Nyeche (2016) together conducted a study in University of Abuja -Nigeria,

titled "Impact of Internet usage on Academic Performance of undergraduate students" and used

questionnaire method to collect primary data. Their finding proved that Internet is essential tool

for students to increase their skills, capabilities, completing assignment, improved

communication, access Information, which assist them to enhance their performance

academically.

Zahid, et al ( 2016) studied on the developing utilization of Social Media on the scholastic

execution of understudies of colleges and universities. 300 students randomly selected for

collecting the data. Descriptive statistics was used data for analyzing the data and found positive

effect of Social Media on students' performance.

Menseh & Nizam (2016) conducted a Research on Malaysian students and found that

Social Media can own a purposeful effect on the performance of the students academically.

Further, they pointed about the unusual utilization of Social Media stages by the students and

suggested that the students and universities to use the platform positively for educational purpose

only so that it results in positive impact on Students performance.

Mushtaq A. & Benraghda A. (2018) conducted a survey on 371 students of Alberoni

University, Afghani-stan from nine faculties like medical, engineering, political science,

Education etc and found negative side to be poor as compared to the positive side. He opined that

social media is useful tool as it improves learning process. All necessary information is received

X
with the help of social media. However, he also highlighted that social media is also misspend of

money and time.

Social media has been widely used as a communicative and pedagogical tool to

supplement teaching and learning, with educators increasingly advocating for it (Mahmud et al.,

2016). Therefore, we need to investigate how teachers utilize social media to become more

efficient and effective in motivating students in creative media courses.

The author's previous study (Oh, 2017) conducted preliminary interviews to identify

student’s perception of e-learning and found that the majority of students require a more

interactive e-learning approach than in current Learning Management Systems (LMS) which

they are using at school. The interview sessions specified that students want more engaging and

interactive platforms with functions like social media, so that they can communicate rather than

rely on one-way 'announcement' features.

The researcher then developed a follow-up study to identify the function and attributes of

social media per intrinsic motivation as well as the educator's role in increasing student

motivation.

The active use of social media in higher education has become increasingly popular in

recent years, as schools have adopted social networking to improve the student learning

experience. Students believe that social media has a positive effect on their interactions with

teachers and peers, as well as pedagogical benefits such as connections, social rapport,

collaboration, learnergenerated content and accumulation of attained knowledge (McLoughlin

and Lee, 2010).

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 The younger generations perceive the world differently with the support of technology

(Pafrey and Gasser, 2008), and social media has become a communication tool for them. Thus,

active dialogue sessions on social media platforms, which are not as formal as the traditional

classroom, can boost the relationship between students and educators. Being a Facebook 'friend'

with teachers may grant the students a glance into the teachers' daily lives, preferences, and

network (Mahmud et al., 2016), allowing students to feel much closer to their teachers.

Building a rapport with teachers helps to break down the barrier between educator and

student that is characteristic of a traditional classroom, allowing teachers to become more

approachable and engaging.

Shen et al. (2006) writes that the influence of teachers' presence is crucial for student

motivation, course engagement, academic achievement and the motivation to use social media.

Teachers should be willing to integrate social media into the learning process to better student

engagement and motivation (Dawkins, 2010). The student perception that teachers are trying to

communicate with them through social media can a favorable and positive impact on their

motivation.

Negative side of Social Media

Khan & Abdullah (2019) in their study found 3 major elements which effects the students'

academic performance. These 3 elements are waste of Time, social media as distracting element

and less command over language.

Banquil & Chua (2009) concluded in their study that Social Media do affect the academic

performance adversity and there is a drop in the grades of the students. Students invest their time

and money a lot on Social Media instead of studies. Karpinski (2009) opines that user of social

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media devote less time to their studies in correlation of non-users and ultimately scores low

GPAs.

Owusu-Acheaw & Larson (2015) conducted a Research in Ghana on the polytechnic

students, titled "Use of Social Media and Its Impact on Academic Performance of Tertiary

Institution Students: A Study of Students of Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana" and found that

almost all students access the variety of social media through their smart phones and spend

almost 30-45 minutes a day.

The study further revealed that direct connection exist between the use of Social Media

and students' academic performance and it definitely negatively affects the students' academic

performance, as students slowly get addicted to it. Hasnain, et al (2015) conducted a Research in

Pakistan about Social Media and students performance and found an inverse relationship

between them. He added that if Social Media when utilized in an appropriate way can help the

students to gain higher level of knowledge that can be used to achieve academically higher

grades.

Tamayo & dela Cruz (2014) carried a survey on graduate students of Information

Technology Science students at Centro Escolar University and tried to establish a connection

between the students' academic performance and the use of Social Media. Their Study proved

that Social Media hinder and distracts students learning and directly affects the performance. It

also revealed that the students get too much involved in Social Media and use it only for the

purpose chit-chatting and playing games.

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Use of Social Platforms as an Educational Tool

Tiryakioglu et al. (2011) states that based on this assumption, the present study

investigated the views and attitudes of instructors in the Faculty of Communication Sciences at

Anadolu University in Turkey, which is a country where the total number of Facebook users

ranks fourth in the world. It bridges a gap in knowledge in relation to the value and use of social

media as effective teaching and learning tool in higher education in developing countries.

(Sobaih et al., 2016)

(Paul & Baker, 2012) writes that academic institutions and faculty are increasingly using

social networking sites, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, to connect with current and potential

students and to deliver instructional content. (krishner & Karpinski, 2010) There is much talk of

a change in modern youth – often referred to as digital natives or Homo Zappiens – with respect

to their ability to simultaneously process multiple channels of information. In other words, kids

today can multitask.

Theoretical Framework

Uses of Facebook and Academic Procrastination in General Studies Students

The incidence of consumption on Facebook around the world and its implications for university

students is something that has necessarily been studied in the scientific literature (Gil-Flores, De

Besa-Gutierrez & Garzón-Umerenkova, 2019). Fewer and far between are works focused on the

study of social networks and academic procrastination in a population, particularly with a non-

traditional teaching methodology (General Studies), even though this knowledge would allow us

to obtain a profile of university students and identify their possible actions that could derive in

academic problems. As a matter of fact, its importance has enabled the present study to analyze

XIV
the relationship between the motivations for using Facebook and academic procrastination, and

consequently determine the resulting correlation with certain indicators of use, satisfaction with

Facebook and academic procrastination.

The Negative effects of Facebook: Addiction, Social Isolation, Depression and Political

Senses

Facebook's utility for communication and networking can mask its psychologically

damaging aspects, including addiction, social isolation, depression, and political sensitivity,

according to Aung's 2017 study.

The Experience of using Facebook as an Educational Tool

This research was taken from (Prescott,. Et. Al,2015) Social Networking Sites (SNS) such as

Facebook are widely used by student populations and are increasingly used by the population

generally. Researchers have considered the benefits of using SNS for educational purposes.

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The assessent of ‘THE Profile of students

1.What activities or
IMPACT OF USING and determining
contents are
FACEBOOK ON
present in the impacts of
SENIOR HIGH
Facebook?
SCHOOL STUDENTS using Facebook as
2.How frequent do OF IMMACULATE an educational tool
students spend time CONCEPTION
on Facebook than ACADEMY’ through: are identified.
on their
homework?
* Survey
3.What are the
impacts of using * Data management
Facebook to their
* Statistical analysis
education in terms
of :
3.1 Positive
Impacts;
3. 2 Negative
Impacts?

For the Conceptual Framework, The INPUT is the process of knowing the students profile

and the aspects of Facebook as a learning to tool for senior highschool students with questions

that the researchers are seeking to find answers to. While the PROCESS consists of the

procedures that the researchers have to execute for the data gathering procedure, and lastly the

OUTPUT. It is the outcome of the variables.

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will use a descriptive-quantitative research design to gain an in-depth

understanding of the impacts of Facebook on students. This design allows researchers to describe

and quantify key aspects of Facebook use, including its impact on social interactions, academic

performance, and emotional well-being. The use of a descriptive-quantitative research design

will provide valuable insights into the impact of Facebook on students, which can inform the

development of interventions and policies aimed at promoting healthy and responsible use of

social media.

Research Instrument

The research instrument that the researchers will use is a printed questionnaire with twenty

questions about the nature of Facebook use to gather data for our research. The descriptive

questionnaire consists of questions related to the positive and negative impacts of using

Facebook. The questions were drafted out based on a previous study on the same (that surrounds

the) topic of the impact of using Facebook and articles about students who are facing difficulties.

In conducting our research, we use questionnaires that consist of a series of questions and other

prompts for random sampling of information from respondents.We will use printed

questionnaires to get instant results.

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Locale of the study

This study will be conducted in Barangay #1 Valdez, City of Batac, Immaculate

Conception Academy, this place was selected for knowing the efficiency of the said study among

Immaculate Conception Academy students, this study was implemented on the Senior High

students. This study has tested the impact of using facebook on senior high school students of

immaculate conception academy.

Respondents of the Study

The participants for this study will be the Senior High School students. Participants will be

chosen. The random sampling strategy allows for a representative sample of senior high school

students from both grade levels, ensuring that the results can be generalized to the larger

population. By including an equal number of participants from each grade, we aim to minimize

any potential bias and obtain a balanced perspective on the research topic.

Population and Sampling

The researchers established an objective that should be large enough to justify quantitative

research. The researchers selected a group of respondents through Random Sampling Strategy to

pick students from the institution. This is conducted to ascertain and assess our senior high

school students in order to achieve accurate, trustworthy, and valid results. In our situation, we

chose 60 students from Grade 11 as well as 60 students from Grade 12, for a total of 120

students.

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Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will be guided with the given procedures throughout the study.

Request to conduct a survey. The researchers will be forwarding a request letter to the

school principal asking permission to allow the researchers to conduct a study.

Conduct a Survey. After approval from the school principal, the researchers will conduct

a survey.

Management of Data. After conducting the survey, the researchers will be gathering and

will be analyzing the results.

Statistical Treatment

In our research, we used the following statistical tools to interpret the data gathered from

the respondents to the study:

A. Percentage

- This was used to find out who in the group favors using Facebook and who does not. This

was done by dividing the observed frequency by the maximum possible frequency.

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 Grade Level and Population Sample

Sections

12- St. Genevieve 30 12

12- St. Fabian 34 12

12- St. Timothy 32 12

12- St. Agnes 34

12-St. Sebastian 33 12

11-St. Leo the Great 26 12

11-St. Albert the 29 12

Great

11-St. Gertude 22 12

11-Charles Borromeo 26 12

11-St. Josaphat 22 12

288 120

The following Statistical Procedures were used to interpret the data gathered from the

respondents of the study.

B. Slovins Formula

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 -The formula in order to compute the sample size for our research study. This formula is

particularly useful when working with a big population, since it allows us to establish a

representative sample size that maintains statistical validity.

It was computed using SLOVIN'S FORMULA:

N
n= 2
1+(Ne)

Where:

n = Minimum number of samples

N = Total number of sample population

e = Margin of error (0.28

C. Likert Scale

- The research instrument to determine the respondents’ answer to each question we provided.

Scale Equivalent Descriptive Rating

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1 Strongly Agree

2 Agree

3 Disagree

4 Strongly Disagree

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