The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in the reproduction of

new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to
produce gametes, and to carry a fetus to full term.

The female reproductive system functions to reproduce offspring.

In the absence of fertilization, the ovum will eventually traverse the entire reproductive tract from the
fallopian tube until exiting the vagina through menstruation.
The reproductive tract can be used for various transluminal procedures such as fertiloscopy, intrauterine
insemination, and transluminal sterilization.

The female internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries

INTERNAL ORGANS

1.VAGINA

The vagina is a fibromuscular (made up of fibrous and muscular tissue) canal leading from the outside of the body to
the cervix of the uterus or womb. It is also referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy.

2.CERVIX

The cervix is the neck of the uterus, the lower, narrow portion where it joins with the upper part of the vagina. It
is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall. Approximately half its length is
visible, the remainder lies above the vagina beyond view.

3.UTERUS
The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ. Its major function is to accept a fertilized ovum which becomes implanted into
the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose.

4.FALLOPIAN TUBE

The Fallopian tubes are two tubes leading from the ovaries into the uterus. On maturity of an ovum, the follicle and the ovary's
wall rupture, allowing the ovum to escape and enter the Fallopian tube. There it travels toward the uterus, pushed along by
movements of cilia on the inner lining of the tubes. This trip takes hours or days. If the ovum is fertilized while in the Fallopian
tube, then it normally implants in the endometrium when it reaches the uterus, which signals the beginning of pregnancy.

5.OVARIES

The ovaries are small, paired organs located near the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity. These organs are responsible for the
production of the egg cells (ova) and the secretion of hormones. The process by which the egg cell (ovum) is released is
called ovulation. The speed of ovulation is periodic and impacts directly to the length of a menstrual cycle.
DISEASES
ENDOMETRIOSIS
Endometriosis is a problem affecting a woman’s uterus—the place where a baby grows
when a woman is pregnant. Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally lines
the uterus grows somewhere else.

UTERINE FIBROIDS

Uterine fibroids are the most common noncancerous tumors in women of childbearing
age. Fibroids are made of muscle cells and other tissues that grow in and around the
wall of the uterus, or womb. The cause of fibroids is unknown.

 Heavy or painful periods or bleeding between periods.

 Feeling “full” in the lower abdomen.
 Urinating often.
 Pain during sex.
 Lower back pain.
 Reproductive problems, such as infertility, multiple miscarriages, or early labor

CYNECOLOGIC CANCER

CDC provides information and educational materials for women and health care
providers to raise awareness about the five main gynecologic cancers. Gynecologic
cancer is any cancer that starts in a woman’s reproductive organs.
HIV/AIDS

HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV affects specific cells of the immune
system (called CD4 cells). Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the
body can’t fight off infection anymore.

∎HIV IN WOMEN

Women who are infected with HIV typically get it by having sex with a man who is
infected or by sharing needles with an infected person.
∎PREGNANT WOMEN

All pregnant women should know their HIV status. Pregnant women who are HIV-
positive can work with their health care providers to ensure their babies do not contract
HIV during pregnancy, delivery, or after delivery (through breast milk).
∎INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder condition resulting in recurring discomfort or

pain in the bladder or surrounding pelvic region. People with IC usually have inflamed
or irritated bladder walls that can cause scarring and stiffening of the bladder.

 Abdominal or pelvic mild discomfort.

 Frequent urination.
 A feeling of urgency to urinate.
 Feeling of abdominal or pelvic pressure.
 Tenderness.
 Intense pain in the bladder or pelvic region.
 Severe lower abdominal pain that intensifies as the urinary bladder fills or
empties

∎POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME(PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome happens when a woman’s ovaries or adrenal glands produce
more male hormones than normal. One result is that cysts (fluid-filled sacs) develop on
the ovaries. Women who are obese are more likely to have PCOS.
  Infertility.
 Pelvic pain.
 Excess hair growth on the face, chest, stomach, thumbs, or toes.
 Baldness or thinning hair.
 Acne, oily skin, or dandruff.
 Patches of thickened dark brown or black skin

∎SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)

STDs are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the
infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites, and viruses. There are more than
20 types of STDs.