► The field of environmental science study can be divided into three main areas:

1. To learn how the natural world works.

2. To understand how we as humans interact with the environment.
3. To determine how we affect the environment.
Types of Environment

► Since environment is a combination of physical and

biological factors, it contains both living or biotic
and non-living or abiotic components.
► On the basis of this basic structure, environment
can be divided into physical or abiotic and living or
biotic environment.
Living or Biotic Environment

► As biotic factors are in living form so there examples are also in living
form. Some of the examples of biotic factors are listed below.
• Producer
1. Producers are organisms which can make their own food by
photosynthesis. Like plants, algae, bacteria.
2. They obtain their source of energy from abiotic factors like sunlight,
humidity, water, etc. As all these factors are important for proper
synthesis of food.
3. Chlorophyll is present in the procedure and they absorb all these
abiotic factors for synthesis of food. Part of synthesized food is utilized
by producers only for their proper functioning and growth.

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• Consumers
1. Organisms that feed on producers are known as consumers.
2. Consumers are further divided into three or more types.
3. Primary Consumers: One who directly feeds on procedures
are primary consumers. Example: cow, goat, etc.
4. Secondary consumers: Consumers one who feeds on
primary consumers are known as secondary consumers.
Example: lion, tiger, etc.
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• Decomposer
1. Living organisms that break or decompose the dead bodies of plants and
animals are known as decomposers.
2. They are heterotrophic in nature.
3. Example: fungi, bacteria, etc.
4. Decomposers secrete enzymes of the decaying process due to this reason
they are known as reducers.
•
Detritivores
1. An Organism who feeds on dead and decaying organisms are known as
detritivores.
2. They get the least amount of energy after feeding.
Physical or Abiotic Environment

► Abiotic Factor
► Nonliving parts of an ecosystem are termed abiotic factors. They play a crucial role in
shaping ecosystems as both biotic and abiotic factors interaction is a must for the stability
of the ecosystem.
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► Examples of Abiotic Factors
► Most of the common examples of abiotic factors are air, weather, water, temperature,
humidity, altitude, pH, level of soil, types of soil and more, water flow rate, water depth, etc.
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► Energy Flow In Ecosystem
1. Energy flows from one trophic level to another trophic level is termed as energy flow and
this flow of energy is always unidirectional in nature. This means the flow of energy takes
place in sequential order i.e from producer's primary consumers to secondary Consumer's
decomposer's detritus. Due to this reason, energy cannot be reversed back.
2. At the end of energy flow, it gets converted into minerals that can be used again and
again.
3. Only 10% of total energy is used at each trophic level. Due to this Autotrophic organism gets
the highest amount of energy in comparison to heterotrophs, decomposers, etc. As they
directly feed on producers. This 10% law was given by Lindeman (1942 )
Social and Cultural Environment

► This type of environment includes the varied

aspects of socio-cultural interactions along with its
outcomes such as beliefs, attitudes, stereotypes
etc.
► The tangible and intangible aspects of environment
are included in it.
► THANK YOU