Result and data analysis

Sheet No. :1
MANUAL METHOD (STOPWATCH)
Observer : All members Date : 6 April 2023
Location : Melati Parking in UiTM Day : Thursday
Shah Alam
Start time : 9.00 am End time : 10.00 am
Weather : Sunny No. Lanes :1
VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION

Types of vehicles Symbol

Car / Small van / 4-Wheel Drive / Utility Vehicle C
Lorry (2 axies) / Big Van L2 / V
Big Lorry / Trailer / Heavy Vehicle (> 3 axies) L3
Bus B
Motorcycle MC

Distance : 54 meters

No Vehicle Plate Registration Vehicle Classification Time Travel (secs) Speed

1 WVK4232 C 5.18 10.42
2 VEE552 C 5.07 10.65
3 NCW7342 C 7.43 7.27
4 WWS7515 C 4.41 12.24
5 CEJ780 C 3.92 13.78
6 KEH5000 B 5.46 9.89
7 BLIA3815 B 5.95 9.08
8 WC6404S C 4.71 11.46
9 PGD6581 C 4.18 12.92
10 BPD5790 C 5.04 10.71
11 BNY7957 C 6.13 8.81
12 SAA1991 C 6.39 8.45
13 RL5188 C 4.28 12.62
14 W072T C 4.41 12.24
15 WC2339G C 4.89 11.04
16 BJW3418 C 3.96 13.64
17 BQD5052 B 5.07 10.65
18 WUE3679 C 4.35 12.41
19 KCN11 C 4.41 12.24
20 BNX4969 C 5.09 10.61
21 WC7698 C 5.51 9.80
22 VB61998 C 4.02 13.43
23 SAA1991 C 6.26 8.63
24 WYM4155 L2 7.04 7.67
25 WHW1209 C 4.54 11.89
26 VJX5212 C 4.95 10.91
27 JTQ8773 C 4.52 11.95
28 VBY4055 C 5.72 9.44
29 VFC5742 C 5.25 10.29
30 WA4173G C 5.96 9.06
31 VJB4083 C 5.52 9.78
32 JTH841 C 5.45 9.91
33 WUW7070 C 5.28 10.23
34 KCL5822 C 4.34 12.44
35 BQT3692 C 4.26 12.68
36 VFU3754 B 4.92 10.98
37 DAN1188 C 5.16 10.47
38 BMH2905 C 3.98 13.57
39 BNG9770 C 4.68 11.54
40 JTW1070 C 3.80 14.21
41 JHG8774 C 5.74 9.41
42 RRG2807 C 4.44 12.16
43 AKE6968 C 4.53 11.92
44 WB3416G C 4.92 10.98
45 AMP1468 C 5.65 9.56
46 VJX5128 C 4.78 11.30
47 VCY7311 C 5.18 10.42
48 JTW1070 C 4.40 12.27
49 JVX1062 C 5.60 9.64
50 BQU62 C 5.52 9.78
51 BGT946 C 4.83 11.18
52 NDA9791 C 4.65 11.61
53 AKV6960 C 6.76 7.99
54 BLQ4242 C 5.33 10.13
55 WWT6772 C 5.19 10.40
56 VKF5993 C 4.77 11.32
57 SYJ7013 C 4.53 11.92
58 WRQ709 C 4.98 10.84
59 VEAH4550 C 5.45 9.91
60 WRD6374 C 5.37 10.06
61 TCK1495 C 4.81 11.23
62 VDR4292 C 4.95 10.91
63 KFC2189 C 4.04 13.37
64 RAD7205 C 5.66 9.54
65 WC9266R C 4.61 11.71
66 ALB6579 C 5.03 10.74
67 WA3170A C 4.78 11.30
68 WCN4390 C 5.22 10.34
69 AFP1264 C 5.49 9.84
70 FA7040 C 5.51 9.80
71 BRF9109 C 3.33 16.22
72 JRL7797 C 6.07 8.90
73 CDV272 C 3.64 14.84
74 AMG1438 C 5.14 10.51
75 WA47542 L2 4.66 11.59
76 NDD2101 C 3.84 14.06
77 JRR2105 C 5.87 9.20
78 AKA5226 C 5.14 10.51
79 VAG688 C 5.32 10.15
80 VDR444 C 6.12 8.82
81 VCV4551 C 7.00 7.71
82 VH5765 C 4.55 11.87
83 WTG2411 C 5.89 9.17
84 WD5427A C 6.02 8.97
85 BPD2399 C 5.84 9.25
86 WB5993B C 4.28 12.62
87 BLF3433 C 7.80 6.92
88 VKC9069 B 5.40 10.00
89 VFG5076 C 4.58 11.79
90 BMQ2565 C 8.19 6.59
91 VGA5169 C 6.32 8.54
92 JGD2040 C 5.69 9.49
93 BLA3815 B 4.59 11.76
94 JTU5126 C 5.69 9.49
95 TBR153 C 6.87 7.86
96 WND4533 C 4.63 11.66
97 BKC8900 C 4.29 12.59
98 BMB2779 B 5.43 9.94
99 WTM447 C 4.78 11.30
100 BGR5529 C 5.39 10.02
Sheet No. :2
AUTOMATIC METHOD (RADAR/LASER GUN)
Observer : All members Date : 6 April 2023
Location : Melati Parking in UiTM Day : Thursday
Shah Alam
Start time : 9.00 am End time : 10.00 am
Weather : Sunny No. Lanes :1
VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION

Types of vehicles Symbol

Car / Small van / 4-Wheel Drive / Utility Vehicle C
Lorry (2 axies) / Big Van L2 / V
Big Lorry / Trailer / Heavy Vehicle (> 3 axies) L3
Bus B
Motorcycle MC

No Speed Class No Speed Class

1 24 B 18 38 C
2 40 C 19 33 B
3 40 C 20 31 C
4 30 C 21 22 C
5 29 C 22 33 B
6 27 B 23 39 C
7 22 C 24 34 B
8 30 C 25 39 C
9 17 C 26 16 C
10 27 B 27 39 C
11 30 B 28 16 B
12 35 C 29 17 C
13 32 C 30 30 C
14 34 C 31 40 C
15 34 C 32 39 C
16 20 C 33 37 C
17 39 C 34 29 C
No Speed Class No Speed Class
35 39 C 73 32 C
36 31 B 74 35 C
37 27 C 75 32 C
38 35 C 76 31 C
39 36 C 77 37 C
40 30 C 78 26 C
41 34 C 79 34 C
42 28 C 80 27 C
43 25 B 81 29 C
44 26 C 82 31 C
45 37 C 83 37 C
46 23 C 84 30 C
47 25 L2 85 27 C
48 29 C 86 32 C
49 31 C 87 30 C
50 33 C 88 36 C
51 29 C 89 40 C
52 28 C 90 33 C
53 36 C 91 35 C
54 29 C 92 31 C
55 25 C 93 32 C
56 31 C 94 33 C
57 32 C 95 41 C
58 29 C 96 36 C
59 28 C 97 28 C
60 31 C 98 32 C
61 32 C 99 36 C
62 39 C 100 38 C
63 21 C
64 42 C
65 33 C
66 41 C
67 44 C
68 44 C
69 29 C
70 33 C
71 33 C
72 34 C
 AUTOMATIC METHOD (RADAR/LASER GUN)

Speed Mean Frequency, Percentage Cumulative fv v2 fv2

Group Speed, v f of Frequency
Frequency
(%)
15-19 17 3 3 3 51 289 867
20-24 22 6 6 9 132 484 2904
25-29 27 23 23 32 621 729 16767
30-34 32 38 38 70 1216 1024 38912
35-39 37 21 21 91 777 1369 28749
40-44 42 9 9 100 378 1764 15876
TOTAL 100 100 3175 65163
Table 1.0: A sample of Data Speed

FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM
40

35

30

25
Frequency, f

20

15

10

0
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44

Vehicle speed
Vehicle (km/h)
Speed (km/h)

Graph 1.0: Frequency histogram graph

 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVE
40
Percentage of Frequency (%)

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Mean Speed, v (km/h)

Graph 2.0: Frequency Distribution Curve

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

120

100
Cumulative Frequency

80

60

40

20

0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Mean Speed, v (km/h)

Graph 3.0: Frequency Distribution Curve

From cumulative Frequency Distribution,
Spot speed at:
98th percentile = 39 km/h
85th percentile = 35 km/h
15th percentile = 24 km/h
To sum up, Design speed = 40 km/h (P98)
Speed limit = 30 or 40 km/h (P85)
Disturbance speed = 25 km/h (P15)

a. Arithmetic mean speed

x̄ = Σfv/n
3175
=
100
= 31.75
b. Median Speed
100
− 12
𝐿 = 30 + ( 2 ) (4)
38

= 34 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
c. Modal Speed

From frequency histogram, modal speed is 30-34 km/h with the number of frequencies of
38 vehicles.

d. Standard deviation
Σf𝑣 2
𝑆=√
𝑁−1

65163
𝑆=√
100 − 1
= ±25.66
 e. Standard Error
𝑆
𝐷=
𝑁
25.66
=
100
= 0.2566
Adequacy of data for 95% confident significant level

95% mean ±1.96 D

= 31.75 ± 1.96(0.2566)

= 31.2471 𝑡𝑜 32.2529
 MANUAL METHOD (STOPWATCH)

Speed Mean Frequency, Percentage Cumulative fv v2 fv2

Group Speed, v f of Frequency
Frequency
(%)
5-9 7 35 35 35 245 49 1715
10-14 12 61 61 96 732 144 8784
15-19 17 4 4 100 68 289 1156
TOTAL 100 100 1045 11655
Table 2.0: A sample of Data Speed

FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM
70
60
50
40
30
Frequency, f

20
10
0
5-9 10-14 15-19

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

 Graph 4.0: Frequency histogram graph

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVE

70
Percentage of Frequency (%)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Mean Speed, v (km/h)

Graph 5.0: Frequency Distribution Curve

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

110
Cumulative Frequency

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Mean Speed, v (km/h)

Graph 6.0: Frequency Distribution Curve

From cumulative Frequency Distribution,
Spot speed at:
98th percentile = 12.5 km/h
85th percentile = 10.5 km/h
15th percentile = 0 km/h
To sum up, Design speed = 15 km/h (P98)
Speed limit = 10 or 15 km/h (P85)
Disturbance speed = 0 km/h (P15)

a. Arithmetic mean speed

x̄ = Σfv/n
1045
=
100
= 10.45
b. Median Speed
100
−2
𝐿 = 10 + ( 2 ) (4)
61

= 13.15 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
c. Modal Speed

From frequency histogram, modal speed is 10-14 km/h with the number of frequencies of
61 vehicles.

d. Standard deviation
Σf𝑣 2
𝑆=√
𝑁−1

11655
𝑆=√
100 − 1
= ±10.85
 e. Standard Error
𝑆
𝐷=
𝑁
10.85
=
100
= 0.1085
Adequacy of data for 95% confident significant level

95% mean ±1.96 D

= 10.45 ± 1.96(0.1085)

= 10.2373 𝑡𝑜 10.6627