Axzches — Anches one curved beams (usually in the veuical plane), either A Solid nib on braced, supported at its ends and canying tnomsverse Loads. ~ Anches are very economical for Large spans structures (bridges) —> depending upon the number of hinges , crches may be divided into four classes: ve imtexnal hinge Bz 4-3-1 <0 Aetewminate or hia 1 ndeboxminate Three hinged axch Two hinged ach internal hinge. Ds=6-3-1=2 Indeterminate Single hinged ach Fixed curch Chingeless arch) —> Anches have enany shapes but most common Used shapes ane clncular and parabolic, h i — Bending moment is very less ag , Cormpared to beams having > Se similar span and hence equine fe cece smaller. sections. M- Bending momentnib Rise Bearing /Spxinging | («&—————_- Span. ——_____ —> Crown: Topmost poimt of the arch > Rise: The height of the crown cibove the suppont level. > Abutmemts one designed for horizontal Jorces/reactions,=} Circular Theee-Hinged Arch > 2Rh= ree Rebel > bee N-Normel thst Q- Radial sheaz PGcose trsine v C.0=ON= Radius CR) < ie ey By Sey + OM = Sagitta Cshont) 192! AM= Halt chend length MN= Sagitta Clong) cms R-V Re ant Mn= R+ Ream? sing= DI = Do x= b_rsine a7 =- Rei And, cos@= JO = Rohr¥ DO R > Yy=h-RC1-cose) ZFy=0 > Nsine+Qcos@-V=0 —®@ ZFe=0 > Ncos@-Qsing-H=0 —® Solving equations @ and © N= Vsino + Heos@ Q= Veose - sinedeoke took Loo ken Rn <—Ron x &H t Tre BSA Rev Reyf e ; B-30%a6 Ax 50.96" Here mo horizontal lead. is acting om the structure “Diao => Ray-Ray 20 9 Raw* Ron C= Rn , say) “Zhy=0 => Ray-+Rey 100-100-100 =0 = Rayt Rev= 300 kn EM@A=0 — (Revxéo) - (100 60) — (100 x30) - Ccoxo) = Rev= 450 kn => Rave iBokn Since ,C is hinged 2 EMe@e-o 3 CRavx30) —CAcox30) — (Ran ROeo => Ran = Ry = 250 kN =Rey ‘ -Uih. G46. Now Radius R eas Se tes tem Moanent in beaen M,= 0 Mis = (450 i415) —(400%45) = 450. kien Mge= (A50%30) - Coo x50) = 4500 kon Myg= C450145) — (400 x45)- Geox 15) = F50 ketom Meo = 07 ; es = | x | © | yrcoondinate Bending momest Bending ‘moment | Bending |coondinate 059 y=h-RG-ceae) im Bean due to Horizontal Momnemt im. oo Paes | com ast AL lo 22.69% 0 lees ° ° | [ Atos’ 4.5U3 50 1 45 385.75 Zo o G.000 41500 1500 ° | he thee 4.543 450 | LEIS 388. a5 "60 (7 D2.69" ° ° i a ° | p= a J A500 RMemdue fo horizontal, ee = Hay ding . BLM. im beam as So as <5” Cm) BridCkwam)Ext Three hinged cixculan axch hinged at the springing and crown peints Soft, has a 5 as shewn im Figure . Find the reactions ot the supports , Nexmal Hhoust ,chear cmd bending amememnt at a section 10m Srom Left Suppont . Also draw the Bending moment diagram fon the ach. +30 Beats pan 60m and central rise of Sm. It camies the loads 415m —- — 15 — B <— Ren the, ive, =2hoF Hexe mo honizental load 1 acting on the structure ZF =0 => Ray-Ren=0 > Ran=Rey Coay Ran= Ron =Rx) ZEy0 =} Ray t Rav ~ (Hoxg0x26) -(30x45) 50-0 => Rew aRey = 650 kn EM@A=0 -7 (Rey x60) ~ (56% 45) —C1ox30 445) -(4]ax30% 20% 20) =0 => Rev= 562.5 kn <=> Rav= 650-362.5 = 289.5 kn Since , Cis hinged “ EM2@cC=0 => (Revx36)—(50%x15)— (10 x30%45)— (Rar xe) <0 =] Row= 703.425 ky > Ran= Rew=Ra= Fo3.ia5 kn ee ee Eh Sh 2 Sing=2T =~ sit (20 60.25 DaoNormal thust N=Vsing+Hcos@ = (254.45xs'n43,39)+(7o3,1251c0s19.39) = Tht.62 kN we Ray-V = (A]a*40x6.67) =0 = y= 254.46 kw eS e+ Ae wascey XH Raw -H= 0 > H= Fo3.125 kN 2 Bie gis Radial shear @ = Veos@ -Hsine = (254.15 x cos 19.35') ~ (foa.195. sin 49.59') = 6.30 kN Coordinates of point D ; x= 10 on (given) qe AGem Yah-RG-cos@)= 4.58 %™ Bending Moment af D, Ma = CRayxa) —CRansy) —(1fox10x6.64 %40% 4/5) = (Ray x40)— (Ran x 4.58) — (411.17) = (287.5x10) — 444.47 — (403.495 * 4.58) Mp = —A56.u8 kn Mea = ( Moment im beam) —( Moment due to horicontal Weust thrust) ijomeneaiiaeesii Mop =0 | Z Is oat —5 is My = (297.£5%45) —(AJox 15x 10%5) = 3937.5 nem ce Mzo = (267.45 %30) — (Hy xo 220% 10) = 569.5 knem Mus = (287.5 105) (to x80x 20x95) — (45 x40% 7,5) = 4342.5 keto OR (369.5 415) -C15x107 74.5) fneeBending Moment Diagreon = oa yoendinate Bending 1 Moment mGem Bending Moment due Bending coonlinale col Reine YoR-RG-Ce8) Can) toHoricontal tHoust Moment mL Gn) é Con) Riey Centon) arch (kwon) ° 29.86" ° ° ° 3 15 Abbot 6.109, 3934.50 4290.47 -359.9% Bo o $.000 5625.00 5625.00 ° 45 Aho? 6.409. 4319.50 4290.47 22.03 60 -o9%e 0 ° 7 3 ° Newlrel, reed Axis 1812.50 Hy diagram 5 1036, z Rarabolic curve } 45 %e 45 @ Cm) Rei C kwon)Exp. A thee hinged. cincular ach comsisis of a portion Ac of gadiug “Sm and Rise of the hinge C with Respect to the Left cabutment is Sen. The right hand portion cB is of radius Son cand the horizontal distance BC is Fm. Ifa concentrated. Loa ef to kn aicts of Em from. the Left hand end ; determine the neactions ot the hinges amd maximum bending “moment e. reactions om the ach. 3 T=RRsin@ Cb -Rsine) cos@ = Te 28 PCD Do" R > YReose 6 y-h-Re-cose) uh Lehe pul LehsR PS <— Row Sins BM 6 Tome lee > xe TRsing Rav ld % meh “cosas OM 3 8ry Folia 2 Ye Rees, -3.9F Hexe mo herizontel lead is acting on the structure Be 6or5 1 ZFeero % Raw—Ren=0 -y Rag = Rew Cay Rays Ran = Rn) Zky=o RyysRev-do=o > RavsRevedokn = ——@ ZMz@B=0 3 CRavxdo) + CRay x 1.13) -Choxa)=0 => fo.Ray+ 1.413 Ran= 40 © Ce Raw= Rw) Since, . EM @C=o => CRayx3) = (Ray s3) 0 > Rav=Ry Se) | | Noa> Fromn Eq? @oand@ | 10 Ry +445 Ry=ho => Ry = 3.59 ka | => Ray= 3.59 ky | > Rey = 10 -3.59= 6.44 EN HeFor pontion Ac C- R=3en) a o coordinate US'9g Ph Se RR ° So" a hice 2 49.47° 3 ° Fon portion go C: R= Fm) a cogcinte Sng am ) gs roe | Y= Reost-3a7 rom B o 2 4 64.04" Bs.6e" 29,09° | ypcoortinde 8 Beng ‘moment | Bending rioment dre | Bending | 4 oe ° 2.236 2.828 3 | ¢ -coordinate. Bend moment fe) 2.375 3.546 Aas im beam Cknan) = (55940) 0 =(6.5001) = 3.59 = G59n2) = Ae = (5593) = 10.1F im beam Chon) = GAiro) =o = G42) = 12.82 = G4ink) = 25.64 =G41xF) = (40x39 = 1hsz t horizontal ust | moment Im | Ray Chen) each Cestony = (S.59%0) | a =o = (3.592.236) = $03 =G.5ax2.298) = loa =G.59%3) = 40.7% Any $-2.9F7 Bending moenent due] Bending to horizontal Host moment i axch | Ra Chin) | Chom) = G]59x0) =o iS = (6.59%2,375) = $.526 A234 =.59»3.546) = 12.73 ae = G.59 « 4.45) =O = thes Let the omaximuan bemding emomemt in portion AC cecure at any point at horizontal. distance x fro A X= R-Rsim@ = 3-3sin@ and 4 =Reose@ = scosa Mac = Rayroe Ray = ~ Nx = 10.##(1-sine—cose) 3.59 G- 3SIN@)- 3.59x3c0s@ but dis 10.77(0 -cose+sine)=0 > tane=t 3 @2 45x= R-Rsime = B-33in4S’= 0.898Fm Ae Reos@ = 3C0845 = 2.1243 =m =. Mastianurm moment = i jar oo Er B59 xO.SFSF— S.59xDAD1S = —AbC we ktm The cmascimusn moment im poxtion BC will evidently occure Jwt below the load . . Marimmym onoment = 19.94 kren im portion BC BMD Chon) Circular, Thee hinged arch having different springing on supporting levels. Ck)Panabotic Arch 2 v4 z Equation of parabola ¢ i) oR x arc J aes eee — : — — v Equation a} parabola Old origin Cx) yeaa? New onigin (204,94) Ee Distance between old and new = Uch= aCy-b) enigins = CE ch) aera aan z a hea Now s4=4,=0 _ eeu k = as-bh Qe ych re Hence oy -h= ~hh = a 2 Grky | 3 ch = hh (gaye An Ge muse) 3 chs “hha? hah Eas > Y= Aha (- eae ) General Parabolic equation ge Mhz (ee) | Slope of the tan gent a Ah — Shoe BO TeBp, A Thee hinged parabelic arch hinged at the supponts and at the Crown has a span 2%. and a cembal nise of Hm Lt caries A concentrated Load ef GOkN at 210 from Lelf support and a UDL of ho kn/m over the Left-half portion . Fund the reactions at the Supports , normal thrust , nadial sheay and bending moment at a section 5m from left support. Also drew the BMD forthe arch, Ao ksfon Eokn = — Deny) aN \ Raa ‘A Ad \ A od Nw ——— 44v0 ——>}e— Fon 3} — st Ate A= hb.oF ir ev P=25.09° Here mo horicental load is acting en the shructare \Efezo & Ran—Renzo % Raw =Ron Cay Ran=Ren= Re) Zfyeo => Rav+Rav—(Aoxs4)-60 = 0 > RaveRev= 620 ki SMe@A=0 > CRayetny=Croxtyxt)=CRarxs yo > (Rov x28) Chor ti x#) f60€x 24) =0 => Reve 165 kn => Ray = 620-185= 455 ky Since, & is, hinged. * EMz@e=zo > CRwxds)—(horthx#)— Rann 5)eo > Ran= 434 kw > Ren=Ra= 434 kNMoment at D = (Rye) — (ho x5x2.5)~- CRanxy) 0 " N= Vsine +Hcosa (4355) - (5e0)- (454 x 2.95) 403.38 kno the Abe CL-) = hy5x5« (28-5) a ye 295m | oP 9S a We @=:. N= (Q56xSinah.cd )+ (43h xcos24.68) / N= 499.47 kw Q= Yoos@—Hsing = (235% 0s 24.66") ~ (434 xSiN24.6€) = 32.49 kn |greaqgdinate | Bendy Rav -V — (40x58) =0 > V= 435-200 = 255 kN Ray -H=0 > H= 434 kw es > 4 _ tang = 4h She dx tc - => tang = 45 — S55 Oe a3* > O= 24.66° emement im bear Beadingenement dae] Bencling moment] to Horizontal thrust pein cant y= het Le) kN), Rue Ckwes) | in arch Cuan) ° ° ° ° ° + 3.45 Cisse) ~ (Hosts) A343.45 Lae z = 2065 = 1694.5 Ady 5.0 “(435"414) - poe) ABW XS ° ie = 2440 = 2hfo a1 35 (set) Gotnth) — Lannggs — — 352.5 = A295 = A625 1 a) ° ° iSBMD C kwon’)L$ the springing om supporting points we met at the same Level. = Equation of parabola q =aa> —s = th er For CB, —hy=cil2 = anche - —he Bo auy 2 Fon CA | —ly= al? => a= —hy a L=lirl, Equabing Eq @ and © eh ee GP ceuy > Wh ov Ly L-ly => LVR -uivh, = LN > ys Wh Ii + Nh Nha > lyet-li = Vira hyOE eee ree once Oc eee hinges at the abutments and the vertesc, The abutments ane at different. “levels, the horizontal. span. being L and the. heights of verterc above the abutments being hy and bh, Show thet the horizontal thrust due to a load w/onit length vniforoaly distributed crcnees the span is poco ee i 2 (+R) to furid. Length P a he ¢ eet 8 ke Ry A t ; Rev nee ey 4 —$-+— 1, —} | As we know, [y= NR and Ly = LN Try + Via Ahr ha. Here mo horizontal Load is acting om the structure © SFxro > Ran—Ren=o — Raw=Rew CSay Ran= Raw= Re) | Zfy=0 3 Ry +Rev—wl =o > Ray +Rey= OL . EN.@A= | re © = (Rey Ly (OE) + CRe(ha-had) = © > Roy = lou — RaCrhe) —9 2 tc Cis himgeck 1 Emre 5 (ert) <8 Rahs - 2 rh = Rr -Se ——® Rt Rey value in equabion ©)ie a \Thanh; ~ Ral ha el a Rast heh, + hy we AAR BAT, “Er eee = mm Aa (With) |. wt Tai Vem, | y mR + Gee | een iu L (ik Nh > R= we 2CKRN)Bip. A three hinged porabelic cuch of Adm span having supports cat different Levels shown im Figure comies a UDL of imtensity over the Lett pontion o} the crown. Letermine the Bo knjm ;monanal, trust end. neactions at the supports, hending moment gevlial shear. force developed. at a section 15m trom the Left support. daca BMD alse. 3° kaon hj be ie U= 2b 4 = 45.08m— sf Lys iN hoe = 22.5 Vinh,” Vewg aon) Ly= Nha. WoL ay Va, (ow a Ly=b-Ly = 40-22.54= 17-460 Here mo horizontal. Lead is acting om the stmcture \ Deco D> Rav Renzo ~F Ran= Ray C= Ru, soy) 7 Zhyeo => Ray + Rav — Sox 22.54) =O > Rav Rav = 646.2 kN SN@A=0 > (Rey ¥4e) + (Ren * (5-3) - (30% 22.54% 2280) -0 % AoRey +2 Ren = F620.7F ky —e New. EN2@c=0 > (Rev 47.46) - CRoyx3) =O => 17.46 Rav — 3 Ren =O ae Salving Eq®@ and @ Rev = 144.57 kn cmd Ray= 646.2 —1ut671= 52865 Ron= $58.29 kn = Ray= Ry Es)Monnent at D> = CRay x5) Geox 5448) —C Ran) = (628.63%48)-(5375)-Gse-eaxhsh) Ye Ah Ch-xe) = 740.98 kon oot ae Cex) Vos FIZ Ls oly = 45.08%. *<—H gene tosaes) N= Vsin@ + Heosa@ 45.08* . = 4Ahey = (48.c3>Sins.ut!) 4 (608.89 + cos¢. Hu") = 364.415 ky Rav —V - Gox18)= 0 => V=3%.63 kN Q = \cos@ —Hsing Ray -H=0 = C¥8.65 008 2.45 )-(e5¢.09% sing.4i) => H= 6 e5¢.29 ky = —4g.o¢ kn Ye ane cul-«) 7 stone = Ah _ghx aa a AXS _ S515 45.0% 45.08" = tome = 0.1484 > ©=3.4y"/ | | - | a Bending smowent [Bending mement | Bending Pee [Bee | teow Chm eres eaten) | ye He aD keh as | a 0 °o o 9 | | | =(526.65114.04)- (soxddafS5B.29 x 3.95 | wee ) = 331.68 Halted Uy = he52 ut =3220 4 52865499 5 22.517) = _ 5 Of oar - ne (50> 2258°) Aree as ene = 4294.55 pire eo = (og.csv3in})-Gorarsy = 85¥-89x 426 Sioq 4.96 f CRE fe —Ghy oo Half ef Ly = 3006.26 Giet-sosiyeaae 3650.2 h a ~(G2B.6xk0)-(0¥22.54 2873) = B5KBS xg 0.49 6 ] sitizaz NETS = ag 2© t | i _ From 8 _ ho 2 } ° ° | = (17.58 @o-s4ax)) = $58.09 x (425-2) | Ble ; —6hho4 su A25 ~ speyg0g = 1932.50 Hy diespco 14.37 LAL og gas as