Very Short Answer Questions

1. Compete the following diagram. A.

𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐1 𝐹1 o 𝐹2 𝑐2
𝐹1 o 𝐹2

2. What happens, if a parallel beam of light incident on a convex lens makes some angle
with principal axis?
A.when a parallel beam of light is incident on a convex lens at an angle to the principal
axis, it will refract and converge to a focal point on the opposite side of the lens.
3. How do you represent convex lens and concave lens while drawing ray diagrams?

𝑐1 𝐹1 o 𝐹2 𝑐2 𝑐1 𝐹1 o 𝐹2 𝑐2

Convex lens Concave lens

4. Why convex lens used as magnifier?
A.convex lenses are used as magnifiers because they can produce an enlarged virtual image
of an object when placed close to the object. The magnifying power of the lens depends on
its focal length, and the image produced is virtual and appears to be behind the lens.
5. Write the names of apparatus used in the experiment to show that focal length of a lens
depends on surrounding medium where it was placed.
A.The apparatus used in the experiment to show that the focal length of a lens depends on
the surrounding medium consists of:
1.Convex lens,2.Optical bench,3.Lens holder,4.Light source,5.Screen,6.Ruler,7.Liquidcontainer.
6. How do you say that focal length of concave lens is always negative?
A.The focal length of a concave lens is always negative because the lens causes incoming
light rays to diverge (spread out) as they pass through the lens. This means that the focal
point of the lens is located behind the lens, on the same side as the incoming light rays.
Short Answer Questions
1. How light rays behave when passing through optic centre of convex lens and concave lens?
A.In both cases, the optical center of the lens has no effect on the direction of light rays
passing through it. It is only when light rays pass through other parts of the lens that they
are refracted (bent) and change direction.
 2. Write the difference between real and virtual images.
Differences Real Images Virtual Images
Formed by actual Formed by the apparent
Nature
convergence of light rays convergence of light rays
Can be projected on a Cannot be projected on a
Visibility
screen screen
Can be either magnified or Always the same size as the
Size
diminished object
Located in front of the lens Located behind the lens or
Location
or mirror mirror
Can be projected onto a Cannot be projected onto a
Interactivity surface and can be surface, and therefore
interacted with cannot be interacted with
3. Write any two precautions taken by you while conducting an experiment to find image
distances for different object distances using
A.The two precautions:
1.Clean the lens surface before conducting the experiment to avoid errors caused by dirt,
dust, or fingerprints on the lens surface.
2.Avoid parallax errors while taking measurements by keeping the eye perpendicular to
the meter scale or screen, being at the same level as the scale or screen, and using a
pointer to precisely locate the position of the image or object.
4. What happens, if concave lens is used as magnifier instead of convex lens in micro scope?
A.If a concave lens is used instead of a convex lens in a microscope, it would not work as
a magnifier. This is because a concave lens always forms a virtual, diminished image,
regardless of the position of the object. Therefore, when the concave lens is used in a
microscope, it would form a virtual, diminished image of the object, making it appear
smaller rather than magnified.
Therefore, it is necessary to use a convex lens in a microscope to form a magnified, real
image of the object being viewed.
6. Magnification of an image formed due to a convex lens is -1.5. Guess and write the
position of object and image.
A.If the magnification of an image formed due to a convex lens is -1.5, then it indicates
that the image is real and inverted. it means that the image is 1.5 times larger than the
object. Object distance (u) = between F1 and C1, Image distance (v) = beyond C2
7. Draw a ray diagram to obtain an image formed due to a concave lens, when object
placed between centre of curvature and focus on the principal axis.

Position of image : Between 𝑭 & O

𝟏
Nature : Virtual and erect

𝑐1 𝐹1 o 𝐹2 𝑐2
Size : Very small
 8. How do you differentiate between convex and concave lens?

Convex Lens Concave Lens

Thicker in the middle, thinner at the
edges
Bulges outwards
Also called a converging lens
Refracts light towards the center
Causes light rays to converge
Focal point is where rays converge
Used in magnifying glasses, telescopes,
cameras
Thinner in the middle, thicker at the
edges
Curves inward
Also called a diverging lens
Refracts light away from the center
Causes light rays to diverge
Focal point is where rays appear to
originate from when traced backwards
Used in microscopes, eyeglasses for
nearsighted individuals

1. Write rules to draw ray diagrams for image formation by lenses.

Rule 1:

A ray of light from the object, parallel to the principal axis, after refraction from a convex lens, passes through
the principal focus on the other side of the lens. In the case of a concave lens, the ray appears to diverge
from the principal focus located on the same side of the lens, as shown in the below figure.
Rule 2: A ray of light passing through a principal focus, after refraction from a convex lens,
will emerge parallel to the principal axis. A ray of light appearing to meet at the principal
focus of a concave lens, after refraction, will emerge parallel to the principal axis.

Rule 3:A ray of light passing through the optical centre of a lens will emerge without any
deviation.The ray diagrams for the image formation in a convex lens for a few positions of the
object is shown below.
3. Write the names of the apparatus which are used in the experiment to find image
distances for different object distances using convex lens. also write experimental procedure.
A.The apparatus:A convex lens,A light source (such as a light bulb),A screen
A ruler or measuring tape,A lens stand,A object
Experimental procedure:
1Set up the apparatus by placing the convex lens on a stand or holder, and positioning it
in front of a light source.
Place a screen or paper behind the lens to display the image formed by the lens.
Choose an object from the set and place it at a known distance from the lens. Measure
and record the distance between the object and the lens.
Adjust the position of the screen until a clear image of the object is formed on it.
Measure and record the distance between the lens and the screen, which represents
the image distance.
Repeat steps 3-5 for several other object distances, using different objects from the set.
Tabulate the data collected, including the object distance and corresponding image
distance for each trial.
Use the data to calculate the focal length of the lens, using the formula: 1/f = 1/di +
1/do, where f is the focal length, di is the image distance, and do is the object distance.
Plot a graph of the object distance vs. the image distance, and use the graph to
determine the relationship between the two variables.
Analyze the results and draw conclusions about the properties of convex lenses and
image formation.
Observation table

Object Distance (cm) Image Distance (cm)

10 20
15 30
20 40
25 50