Eastern Visayas State University

Luna Campus

ASSIGNMENT #3
ME 222L
MACHINE SHOP THEORY

Name: Naman Mikhail Gabriel L.

Instructor: Engr.Ricarido Ediza A.

TYPES OF DRILLING MACHINES

1.Bench Drill-A bench drill, also known as a bench-mounted drill press, is a versatile and compact drilling
machine commonly used in workshops and small-scale manufacturing settings. It consists of a stationary vertical
column, mounted on a workbench, with a motor-driven spindle and a drill head. One of its key features is the
ability to adjust the height of the worktable, allowing for flexibility in accommodating different workpiece sizes. Bench drills are well-suited for
precision drilling in materials such as wood, plastic, and metal, making them essential tools for tasks that require accuracy and controlled drilling
depth. These machines are popular choices for DIY enthusiasts, hobbyists, and smaller workshops due to their ease of use, reliability, and
efficiency in handling various drilling applications.

2.Portable Drilling Machine-A portable drilling machine, also known as a handheld drill or cordless drill, is a
versatile and convenient tool designed for mobility and ease of use. These machines are battery-powered,
eliminating the need for a constant power source, and often come with adjustable speed settings and various drill
bit attachments. Portable drilling machines are commonly used in construction, woodworking, and other
industries where mobility and flexibility are crucial. They allow workers to drill holes in various materials on-site,
making them valuable tools for tasks such as installing fixtures, assembling furniture, or performing repairs in
locations where access to electrical outlets may be limited. The compact and lightweight design of portable
drilling machines makes them suitable for both professional tradespeople and DIY enthusiasts who require a
flexible and efficient tool for a range of drilling applications.

3.Gang drilling machine-These machines are typically used when multiple successive operations must be
performed, for example, drilling and then tapping. A multi-spindle drill on the other hand is typically designed
to drill multiple holes at once.A gang-drilling machine consists of several individual columns, drilling heads,
and spindles mounted on a single base and utilizing a common table. Various numbers of spindles may be used,
but four or six are common

Multi-spindle Drilling Machine

A multiple spindle drilling machine consists of a series of drilling spindles mounted on a rotating table,
which can be positioned to drill holes in different locations on the workpiece.

It’s designed for a similar purpose to the gang drilling machine, to drill multiple holes simultaneously. In
both types of machines, the drilling spindles or drill bits are arranged in a way that allows them to drill
multiple holes at once. However, the key difference is that in a gang drilling machine, the drill bits are all
mounted on the same spindle, while in a multiple spindle drilling machine, each drill bit is mounted on its
own separate.

Upright Drilling MachineAn upright drilling machine, also described as a vertical drilling
machine or pillar drilling machine, is a type of machine tool that is used for drilling holes in
various materials. It is called an “upright” drilling machine because the spindle that holds the drill
bit is vertical, as opposed to being horizontal as in other types of drilling machines. It resembles
a sensitive drill machine but is larger and stronger with a more powerful engine and drilling
capacity. Based on the type of column used, it’s divided into two different categories:

 Round column upright drilling machine

 Box column upright drilling machine

Deep Hole Drilling Machine

A deep hole drilling machine is a type of machine tool

that is used for drilling deep, narrow holes in various
materials. Deep hole drilling machines are typically
used for drilling holes that are too deep or too narrow
to be drilled with a conventional drilling machine, and
are commonly used in the aerospace, defense, and
automotive industries, as well as in other manufacturing sectors where precise, deep hole
drilling is required.
Deep hole drilling machines are typically equipped with a long, slender drill bit called a gun drill,
which is designed to drill deep, narrow holes with a high degree of accuracy. They may also be
equipped with special features such as a BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) drill head,
which allows the machine to perform boring and trepanning operations in addition to drilling.
This type of drilling machine is mostly used to drill deep holes in various components, such as
connecting rods, barrels, spindles, and some oil-well drilling equipment. It comes in two types:
 Vertical deep hole drilling machine
 Horizontal deep hole drilling machine

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A HEAVY DUTY DRILL MACHINE

What Are the Parts of a Drilling Machine?
A drilling machine has several key components that work in tandem to drill
precise, consistent holes. The main parts of a drilling machine are listed below:

1. Base
The base of the drilling machine supports the machine and can either be fixed
to a workshop floor or mounted to a work table in the case of smaller machines.
Some bases have slots to allow for bolting and holding larger workpieces that
cannot fit on the table.

2. Column
The column is usually a hollow, cylindrical structure that connects the base,
table, and head of a drilling machine. The column also serves as a linear slide
on which the table moves up and down. The table clamps onto the column once
positioned as desired.

3. Arm
On larger drilling machines the arm is attached to the column and is used to
support the spindle and drill chuck. The arm also allows for some travel in a direction perpendicular to the column.
Smaller machines do not have an arm and instead, have the spindle positioned relatively close to the column on the
head assembly.

4. Drill Head
The drill head contains the spindle, feed mechanism, and drill chuck. The spindle is usually driven by an electric
motor via a gearbox. For larger machines with arms, the electric motor’s power can be transmitted via a series of V-
belts and pulleys.

5. Worktable
The table provides a stable surface for the workpiece. It can be raised or lowered to adjust the drill bit’s distance from
the workpiece. The table also has T-slots or holes to facilitate clamping of the workpiece. A sensitive drill has a much
smaller worktable when compared to a gang drill, for example. A sensitive drilling machine worktable is not designed
for heavy loads whereas a gang drills worktable is.

6. Feed Mechanism
The feed mechanism is designed to control the rate at which the drill is lowered into the material. The optimal feed
rate and the speed of the drill bit are determined by the type of material being drilled and the size of the drill bit.

7. Spindle
The spindle is a shaft assembly with bearings that connects the electric motor to the chuck. Spindles are designed to
have as little rotational eccentricity as possible to ensure drilled holes are concentric.

8. Chuck
The chuck is a mechanism used to grip the tool tightly enough to stop the tool from slipping during drilling operations.
A drill chuck typically has three jaws whose position can be adjusted to account for different drill bit diameters. When
adjusted, these jaws move either radially inwards or outwards to account for different diameters.

9. Electric Motor
The electric motor drives the spindle either directly with a gearbox or with a series of belts and pulleys. The electric
motor can either be mounted to the base of the machine or at the top of the column. Like the feed rate, the rotational
speed can be adjusted for different drill bits and materials. Drills that allow for tapping also need to have very low
minimum speeds on the electric motor. In this case, a VSD (Variable Speed Drive) is installed.

WORK HOLDING ATTACHMENTS AND ACCESSORIES

Work holding attachments and accessories for a drill machine
include:

1. **Chucks:** Different types, such as keyless chucks

or drill chucks, hold drill bits securely in place.

2. **Vices:** These provide a stable platform for holding

workpieces securely during drilling.

3. **Clamps:** Used to secure irregularly shaped or

small workpieces to the drill table.

4. **Drill press tables:** Adjustable tables with slots for

clamps, making it easier to position and secure workpieces.

5. **Magnetic bases:** For holding ferrous materials securely in place during drilling.

6. **Angle plates:** Used to hold workpieces at specific angles for drilling holes at non-standard orientations.

7. **Tapping attachments:** Allow the drill press to be used for tapping threads into holes.

8. **Depth stops:** Help control the depth of the drill bit penetration, useful for repetitive drilling tasks.
9. **Rotary tables:** Enable the rotation of workpieces around a vertical axis, useful for creating circular
patterns.

10. **Tool holders:** Hold specialty tools, such as countersinks or reamers, in place during drilling
operations.These attachments and accessories enhance the versatility and precision of a drill machine for
various machining tasks.

PARTS OF A TWIST DRILL

A twist drill typically consists of the following parts:

1. **Flute**: The spiral groove that runs along the length of

the drill, allowing for chip evacuation and coolant flow.

2. **Point**: The tip of the drill that initiates the hole; it may
have various point geometries like a split point or a
standard point.
 3. **Body**: The main cylindrical part of the drill that extends from the shank to the flute.

4. **Shank**: The end of the drill that is held and rotated by the drill machine; it can have different shapes (e.g.,
straight or tapered).

5. **Helix Angle**: The angle formed by the spiral flutes; it affects the cutting action and chip removal.

6. **Lip**: The cutting edge of the drill located at the end of the flute.

7. **Chisel Edge**: The edge at the center of the drill’s point; it helps to guide the drill into the material.

Understanding these components is crucial for selecting the right drill for specific applications.