GOLAYA PROGRESSIVE

PUBLIC SCHOOL

Project Report on :
Myasthenia Gravis
Session : 2023-24
Submitted to : Ms. Simmi
PRESENTED BY
Lakshika
 Acknowledgement
I am highly indebted to Ms. Simmi Verma (PGT Biology) for her guidance and
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project
and also for her support in completing the project.

My sincere thanks to honourable Director Ma'am Dr. Pratibha Dabas and

respected Principal Sir Mr. Jagdish Sharma for giving me an opportunity to make
a project on Myasthenia Gravis.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kind

co-operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of the
project. I would like to thank and appreciate my classmates who helped me in
the completion of this project.

Lakshika
 This is to certify that LAKSHIKA a student of
class XI-D of Golaya Progressive Public
School has successfully completed this
research on the mentioned Biology project
Certificate under my guidance during the year 2022-
2023

Simmi Verma
Golaya Progressive Public School
(P.G.T Biology)
 3 Aim

4 Requirements

5 Procedure

INDEX 6 Introduction

7 Questionnaire

8 Conclusion

10 Bibliography
 AIM
To investigate about
• About myasthenia Gravis
• Symptoms
• Causes
• Treatment

Back to Agenda 05
 Requirements

• Mobile Phone
• Biology Textbook For Class XI
• Internet
• Reports
• Research Papers

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PROCEDURE

I undertook the extensive work to study about

Scope of the study
myasthenia Gravis thoroughly.

During this process I have examined different

Relevance of the study research papers published online as well as different
books.

Research Questions I read case study of a patient available online .

Back to Agenda 07
 Introduction

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease, meaning the body’s

immune system mistakenly attacks its own parts. Myasthenia Gravis affects
the communication between nerves and muscles (the neuromuscular
junction).
People with myasthenia Gravis lose the ability to control muscles voluntarily.
They experience muscle weakness and fatigue of various severity.

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 TYPES OF
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Ocular
The muscles that move the eyes and eyelids
weaken. Your eyelids may droop, or you may not
be able to keep your eyes open. Some people
have double vision. Eye weakness is often the
first sign of Myasthenia Gravis. Nearly half of
people with ocular Myasthenia Gravis evolve into
the generalized form within two years of the first
symptom.
Back to Agenda
Generalised
Muscle weakness affects the eye and other body
parts such as the face, neck, arms, legs and
throat. You may find it difficult to speak or
swallow, lift your arms over your head, stand up
from a seated position, walk long distances and
climb stairs.
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What causes Myasthenia Gravis?

Causes Symptoms

Nerves (the pitcher) send signals to muscles (the Double vision.

catcher) across a synapse (connection) called the Drooping eyelids (ptosis).
neuromuscular junction. To communicate, Difficulty speaking, chewing or swallowing.
nerves release a molecule called acetylcholine Difficulty moving their neck up or holding up
(the baseball). their head.
Muscles have sites called acetylcholine receptors Limb weakness.
(the catcher’s glove). The acetylcholine binds to Trouble walking..
the receptors in the muscle tissue, like a ball
landing in a glove.
When the acetylcholine binds to the receptor, it
triggers the muscle fiber to contract.

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 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
Ice Pack Test Antibody Test
If you have severely drooping About 85% of people with
eyelids, your provider may MG have unusually high
place ice packs on your eyes or
levels of acetylcholine
have you rest with your eyes receptor antibodies in their
shut in a dark room for a few blood. Approximately 6%
minutes. If the drooping patients have muscle-
improves after the ice specific kinase (MuSK)
application or rest, you may antibodies. Antibodies may
have Myasthenia Gravis. not be detected in less
than 10% of MG patients.
Back to Agenda
Imaging Scans Electromyogram
An MRI or CT scan can
An EMG measures the
check for thymus gland
electrical activity of muscles
problems like tumors.
and nerves. This test detects
communication problems
between nerves and
muscles.
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Management And Treatment
Complications
Weakness and fatigue from MG can keep
you from participating in activities you
enjoy. This may lead to depression.
Up to one in five people with MG experience
a myasthenic crisis or severe respiratory
muscle weakness. They may need a
respirator or other treatments to help them
breathe. This is a life-threatening medical
emergency. Weak muscles, infections,
fevers and reactions to medications can
cause a crisis
Treatment
• Medications: Cholinesterase inhibitors
(anticholinesterase) boost signals between
nerves and muscles to improve muscle
strength. Immunosuppressants, including
corticosteroids, decrease inflammation
and reduce your body’s production of
abnormal antibodies.
• Monoclonal antibodies: You receive
intravenous (IV) infusions of biologically
engineered proteins. These proteins
suppress an overactive immune system.
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 Pictorial
Representation

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 Well, Mr.Sharma when were you first diagnosed
with Myasthenia Gravis?

CASE STUDY I was diagnosed with it when I was 18 .

When you were diagnosed what happened next?

I have interviewed Mr.Sharma who

volunteered for this case study and After the clinical diagnosis was made at the
Emergency unit, I was admitted straight away
his experience . to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) that night.

What type of tests were done?

I was intubated the following morning, after

which an ice test and a repetitive nerve
Lakshika- Mr.Gagan stimulation tests were carried out on me. A
blood sample for an antibody test was taken
Interviewer Patient and results stated I was positive

What kind of treatment did you got?

I got blood transfusion and was put on steroids.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Pinterest.com
• Google.com
• wikipedia.com
• Doubtnut.com