CDC 13428 DS1

PICTORIAL KEYS
A R T H R O P O D S , R E P T I L E S , B IR D S A N D M A M M A L S
O F P U B LIC H E A L T H S IG N IF IC A N C E
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

P U B L IC H E A L T H S E R V IC E
PICTORIAL KEYS TO
ARTHROPODS, REPTILES, BIRDS AN D MAMMALS
OF PUBLIC HEALTH S I G N I F I C A N C E
U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F H E A L T H , E D U C A T I O N , A N D W E L F A R E
P U B L IC H E A L T H S E R V IC E
C o m m u n ic a b le D is e a s e C e n te r
A t la n t a , G e o rg ia 30333
1966
Ill
CONTENTS
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1
Pictorial Keys:
General.................................................................................................................... 2
Crustacea..................................................................................... 16
C e n tip e d e s ................................................................................................................ 19
Millipedes.....................................................................................................................20
Arachnida..................................................................................... 21
Spiders..........................................................................................................................22
Scorpions..................................................................................................................... 23
Acarina..........................................................................................................................26
T i c k s .......................................................................................................................... 38
M i t e s ..........................................................................................................................41
Silverfish.............................................................................................................. 45
Collembola.....................................................................................................................46
Cockroaches................................................................................................................55
T e rm ite s .....................................................................................................................63
E a r w ig s .....................................................................................................................64
P s o c id s .....................................................................................................................65
Lice (Anoplura)............................................................ 66
Lice (Mallophaga)................................... 92
Bugs...............................................................................................................................94
Lepidoptera................................................................................................................ 96
Beetles..........................................................................................................................98
Hymenoptera.............................................................................................................. 100
F l i e s ........................................................................................................................ 120
Mosquitoes................................................................................................................... 134
F l e a s ........................................................................................................................ 167
Snakes........................................................................................................................ 175
B i r d s ........................................................................................................................ 179
Rodents........................................................................................................................ 181
Lagomorphs.............................................................................................................. 185
Bats......................................................................... 186
Selected References 187

IV
PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF GROUPS INCLUDED IN THE KEY
COMMON NAME PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE

Ant bite, sting; infest stored food; damage wood.
Bat associated with rabies, histoplasmosis and many other diseases.
Bed Bug cause dermatitis; not known to transmit disease.
Bee, Hornet, etc. bite and sting; infest stored food; damage wood.
Beetle infest stored food; infest human intestir.e; cause dermatitis.
Bird associated with histoplasmosis, ornithosis and many other diseases.
Book Louse, Psocid infest stored food.
Caterpillar sting; infest intestinal tract.
Centipede venomous bite; infest nasal, intestinal, and urinary tracts,
Chewing Louse infe st dome stic birds and mammals,
Cockroach transmit enteric diseases.
Collembola infest stored food; used as indicator organisms for pesticide studies,
Copepod involved in transmission of broad fish tapeworm and guinea worm,
Daddy Long-leg Spider infest houses; harmless,
Earwig household pests.
Flea cause dermatitis; transmit plague, murine typhus, tapeworms.
Fly some bite; larvae infest human flesh; transmit typhoid, paratyphoid,
cholera, bacillary dysentery, infantile diarrhea, amebic dysentery,
giardiasis, helminths, trachoma, conjunctivitis, yaws, anthrax, tula
remia, African sleeping sickness, eishmaniasis, onchocerciasis,
loiasis, bartonellos is, sandfly fever.
Ked or Louse F'ly occasionally bite man.
Kissing Bug transmit Chagas disease.
Lagomorph transmit tularemia and many other diseases,
Lobster, Crab, etc. involved in transmission of oriental lung fluke.
Millipede exude vesicating venom; infest digestive and urinary tract; inter
mediate host of tapeworms.
Mite cause dermatitis; infest human intestine; transmit scrub typhus, rick
ettsialpox, epidemic hemorrhagic fever
Mosquito transmit malaria, encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue, filariasis.
Moth or Butterfly infest stored food; infest human intestine; some have stinging hairs,
P seudos corpion infest houses; harmless.
Rodent transmit leptospirosis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, etc.
Scorpion sting.
Sea Spider appearance causes fear; harmless,
Silverfish, Firebrat infest stored food; transmit enteric diseases,
Snake venomous bite; secondary infection of bites,
Sowbug, Pillbug household pests; harmless,
Sp ider venomous bite.
Sucking Louse cause dermatitis; transmit epidemic typhus, trench fever, relapsing
fever.
Sun Spider non-venomous bite.
Termite destroy wood; housing deterioration.
Thrips bite man occasionally.
Tick cause dermatitis, tick paralysis; transmit spotted fever, relapsing
fever, tularemia, Colorado tick fever, Russian spring-summer en
cephalitis.
Whip Scorpion appearance causes fear; harmless.
INTRODUCTION
Public health biologists are often responsible for teaching animal identi
fication to personnel (sanitarians, engineers, physicians, veterinarians, etc.)
without special training in taxonomy. One of the most successful devices for
such training has been the pictorial key. The first U.S. Public Health Service
pictorial key was devised by Stanley B. Freeborn and Eugene J. Gerberg
(1943) to guide personnel in the identification of anopheline mosquito larvae
during our national malaria control program.
After the Communicable D isease Center was founded (1946) additional

keys were developed. At present the Center utilizes more than 75 such keys
in its regular training program. These are the major item s incorporated into
this booklet. Apropos morphological diagrams are also included.
P recise identification of disease vectors is essential to their efficient

control. In using the following keys it should be remembered that only a few
of them include all species in a group, and that determinations made using
them are only tentative.
The pictorial keys are typical of identification keys found in reference

works and scientific papers except that they are arranged as diagrams and
are illustrated. After making the first choice offered at the top of each page,
follow the black lines or indicated numbers to secondary choices until the
correct identification has been made. Note that, in some cases, the identification
can be made in the first choice.
N o te : The d iffe rin g fo rm a ts and typography in th is

p u b lic a t io n w ere d e lib e r a t e ly s e le c te d to:
(1) P r o v i d e a b ro a d s p e c t r u m o f t a x o n o m i c e x p e r i e n c e ;
(2) A v o id the s t u l t i f y i n g e f f e c t o f m o n o to n o u s r e p e t it io n .
• 2
ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE: KLY TO COMMON CLASSES AND ORDERS

Harold George Scott and Chester J. Stojanovich
1. Three or - p a irs of walking legs (F ig , 1 A & B )................................................................................................................................ 2
Five or nore p a irs of w alkirg legs ( f i g . 1 C & D).
2. Three p a irs of walking legs (F ig . 2 A )........................................................................................................................................................3
Four p a irs of walking logs (F ig . 2 B ) ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
V y
F ig . 2 A F ie . 2 B
*1
3. Wings present:, w ell developed (F ig . 3 A ).................................................................................................................................................4
Wings absent or rudimentary (F ig . 3 B & C )..........................................................................................................................................13
With two p a irs of wings (F ig . 4 B 6c C )...................................................................................................................................................... 6

PUBLIC health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1^62
3 *
5* Wh w it;, sca le s (.Fig. 5 A ). FAMILY CULICIDAE. .MOSQUITO
Wir.^s without scale s (F ig . 5 B ). DIPTERA OTHER THAN MOSQUITOES..............................................................................FLY
\ /
t ig . 5 A
6. Mouthparts adapted fo r sucking, w ith elongate proboscis (F ig . 6 A ) . . .
Mouthparts adapted fo r chewing, without elongate proboscis (F ig . 6 B)
/ I I
F ig . 6 A
7. Wings densely covered w ith s c a le s ; proboscis co ile d (F ig . 7 A ). ORDER LEPIDOPTERA..................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................MOTH OR BUTTERFLY
Wings not covered w ith s c a le s ; proboscis not co ile d (F ig . 7 B ).
F ig . 7 r>
8. Wing w ith frin g e of long h a ir (F ig . 8 A ). ORDER THYSANOPTERA. THRIPS
Wing without long h a ir (F ig . 8 B ) . ORDER HEMIPTERA.......................... .KISSING BUG

»4
9. Both p a ir of wings membranous and s im ila r in s tru c tu re (F ig . 9 A )...................................................................................... 10
Front p a ir of wings s h e ll- lik e or le iith e ry , se rvin g as covers fo r the second p a ir ( F :g . 9 B )...............11
F ie . 9 A F ig . 9 B
10. Doth p a irs of wings s im ila r in s i;:e (F ig . 10 A ). ORDER ISOPTERA..........................................................................TERMITE
ind whig much sm aller than front wing (F ig . 10 B ). ORDER HYMENOPTERA............................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................... BEE, HORNET, WASP, YELLOW JACKET, OR ANT
Front wings leather'/ or p a p e r- lik e , wi.th d is t in c t vein s (F ig . 11 B) . ORDER ORTHOPTERA. .COCKROACH
F ig . 11 A
Abdomen without prominent . i ; wings covering abdomen (F ig . 12 B ). ORDER COLEOPTERA....................BEETLE

5*
13. Mouthparts w ith jaws fo r chewing (F ig . 13 A )....................................................................................................................................14
Mouthparts w ith a lor.g beak or s t y le t s fo r sucking up food (F ig . 13 B ) ................................................................ 21
14. With throe long term inal t a il s (F ig . 14 A ). ORDER THYSANURA................................... SILVERFISH AND FIREBRAT
Without three long term inal t a il s (F ig . 14 B ) ................................................................................................................................. 15
15. Abdomen w ith prominent p a ir of c e re i (F ig . 15 A ). ORDER DERMAPTERA............................................................. EARWIG
Abdomen without prominent p a ir o f c e rc i (F ig . 15 B ). .16
F ig . 15 B
16. With narrow w aist (F ig . 16 A ). ORDER HYMENOPTERA. ....................ANT
Without narrow w aist (F ig . 16 B ) ............................................. .......................17

•6
17. Antenna w ith fewer than 8 segments (F ig . 17 A) 18
Antenna w ith more than 8 segments (F ig . 17 B ). 19
F ig . 17 A F ig . 17
18. Abdomen w ith 6 or fewer segments (F ig . 18 A ). ORDER COLLEMBOLA........................................................ SPRINGTAIL
Abdomen w ith more than 6 segments (F ig . 18 B ). ORDER MALLOPHAGA..............................................CHEWING LOUSE
F ig . 18
19. Tarsus w ith 4-5 segments (F ig . 19 A )................................................................................................................................................... 20
Tarsus w ith 1-3 segments ( f i g . 19 B ) . ORDER PSOCOPTERA...................................................BOOK LOUSE OR PSOCID
20. Pronotum narrower than head, never covering head (F ig . 20 A ). ORDER ISOPTERA........................... TERMITE
Pronotum broader than head, often covering head (F ig . 20 B ) . ORDER ORTHOPTERA....................COCKROACH
Fig. 20 A
7•
21. Flatten ed l a t e r a lly (F ig . 21 A ). ORDER SIPHONATERA...................................................... FLEA
Flatten ed dorso-v e n tra l 1y (F ig . 21 B )....................................................................................... 22
Foot not term inating in p ro tru s ib le bladder (F ig . 22 B ) ................................................................................................. 23
•BEDBUG
Beak not jo in te d (F ig . 21 B ). 24
Mouthparts not re tra cte d into head (F ig . 24 B ). ORDER DIPTERA.......................................... KED OR LOUSE FLY
25. Abdomen w ell-developed (F ig . 25 A ). CLASS ARACHNIDA......................................................................................................... 26
Abdomen p e g -lik e (F ig . 25 B) . CLASS PYCNOGONIDA...............................................................................................SEA SPIDER
Abdomen not d i s t i n c t ly segmented (F ig . 26 B ).............................................................................................................................. 31
F ig . 26
27. Abdomen lengthened to form a long t a i l (F ig . 27 A )........... .28
Abdomen not lengthened to form a long t a i l (F ig . 27 B ) . .29
F ig . 27 B
28. T a il with s tin g e r (F ig . 28 A ). ORDER SCORPIONIDA................................................................................................. SCORPION
T a il without s tin g e r (F ig . 28 B ). ORDER PEDIPALPIDA.............................................................................WHIP SCORPION

29. With larg e p in c e r - lik e claws (F ig . 29 A ). ORDER PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA...................................... PSEUDOSCORPION
Without larg e p in c e r - lik e claws (F ig . 29 B ) .................................................................................................................................. 30
A ). ORDER SOLPUGIDa ............................................................................. SUN SPIDER
Legs much longer than body (F ig . 30 B ). ORDER PHALANGIDA...........................................CADDY L0NG-LEG SPIDER
Abdomen not c o n s tric te d (F ig . 31 B ) .
F ig . 31
32. Body w ith long h a ir ; H a lle r 's organ absent (F ig . 32 A ). ORDER ACARINA............... ......................................MITE
Body without h a ir or sho rt h a ir ; H a lle r 's organ present (F ig . 32 B ) . ORDER ACARINA....................TICK
F ig .
• 10
33. r iv e to 7 p a irs of walking legs (F ig . 33 A ). CLASS CRUSTACEA. . 34
More than 14 p a irs of walking legs (F ig . 33 B )....................................... . 36
34. Abdomen without appendages (F ig . 34 A ). ORDER C0PEP0DA................................................................ COPEPOD
Abdomen w ith appendages (Fig * 34 B ) ....................................................................................................................... 35
F ig . 34 A
35. Thorax covered w ith a fused p la te ; eyes, when p resent, on movable s ta lk s (F ig . 55 A 6c B )...........................
ORDER DECAPODA.......................................................................................................................... LOBSTER, CRAB, CRAYFISH, SHRIMP, ETC.
Thorax not covered w ith a fusee p la te ; eyes, when p resent, not on movable s ta lk s (F ig . 35 C 6c D) . . .
ORDER ISOPODA...................................................................................................................................................................................... SOWBUG, PILLBUG
36. One p a ir of legs per body segment (F ig . 36 A ). CLASS CHILOPODA............................................ CENTIPEDE
Two p a irs of legs per body segment (F ig . 36 B ). CLASS DIPLOPODA....................................... MILLIPEDE

11 •
HOUSEHOLD AND STORED-FOOD PESTS: PICTORIAL KEY TO COMMON LARVAE

Chester J. Stojanovich & Harold George Scott
abdominal legs present abdominal legs absent
MOTH LARVAE
thoracic legs present thor.icic legs absent
FLEA LARVAE
head capsule present head capsule absent
MUSCOID FLY LARVAE

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch
Atlanta, Georgia 1962
• 12
HOUSEHOLD AND STORED-FOOD PESTS: KEY TO COMMON ADULTS

Harold George Scott & Chester J. Stojanovich
1 or 2 body regions 3 body regions
wings reduced or absent
with 3 long tails without 3 !«>ng tails

\ __
I---------------------------------- 1
fri.ii t wings sheli-like front w-ings not shell-like
antenna 4-7 segmented antenna more than ~ segmented

. /
I i'
BEETLES—WELVILS-
BORFRS-MHALWORMS
V' V v_
1 pair wings 2 pair wings SPUINGTAILS
1------------------
tarsus 4-5 segmented tarsun 1-3 iegmented
ft*
FLIES
I
vings with scales wings without s cal es with narrow waist w-11h( Lit waist

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia-1962
13*
ECTOPARASITES OF THE DOG: PICTORIAL KEY TO COMMON SPECIES

I i
with 6 legs, head definite with 8 legs, head indefinite
flattened la terally flattened dorsoventrally under 4 mm. in length over 4 mm. in length
H aller's organ absent H aller's organ present
FLEA TIC K
body elongate body globular
Linognathus setosus Demodex canis

DOG SUCKING LOUSE DEMODECTXC MANGE MITE
1
with 2 claws with 1 claw legs short, stubby legs long, slender
Heterodoxus sp iniger Trichodectes canis Sarcop tes scabie i can is Otodectes cyno t is
KANGAROO LOUSE DOG BITING LOUSE SARCOPTIC MANGE MITE EAR MITE
I
genal comb present genal comb absent
spine I short spine I long head squared head rounded
Ctenocepha1ides can is Ctenocephai ides fe 1is Echidnophaga gallinacea Puiex s imulans

DOG FLEA CAT FLEA STICKTIGHT FLEA ' FALSE HUMAN FLEA
1---------------------------------
ornately decorated inornate
palpi long palpi short basis capitulum basis capitulum not
produced produced-
Amblyomma americanum Dermacentor variab i 1is Rhip icephalus sanguineus Ixodes scapularis
LONE STAR TICK AMERICAN DOG TICK BROWN DOG TICK BLACK-LEGGED TICK
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH., EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
public health SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1965
• 14
REPRESENTATIVE ECTOPARASITES OF THE DOG

Chester J. Stojanovich
Trichodectes canig DOG BITING LOUSE Linognathus setosus DOG SUCKING LOUSE

PUBLIC health SERVICE. Communicoble Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgio - 1965
15«
HUMAN ECTOPARASITES: KEY TO COMMON GROUPS

Chester J. Stojanovich and Harold George Scott
legs absent legs p re se n t

head d e fin ite h ea d in d e f in it e
3 p a irs o f legs 4 p a ir s o f legs
FLY LARVA
Order Diptera
fla tte n e d la te r a lly fla tte n e d d o r s o v e n tra lly

b e a k jo in te d b e a k n o t jo in te d
wings present wings absent mouthparts projected mouthparts retracted
KISSING Bl'G BED BUG LOUSE-FLY LOUSE

Order Hemiptera Order Hemiptera Order Diptera Order Anoplura
r (-----------
over 4 mm. long; Haller’s organ present under 4mm. long; Haller's organ absent
mouthparts ventral mouthparts anterior
SOFT TICK HARD TICK MITE

Order Acariña Order Acariña Order Acarina
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgic - 1962
16
CRUSTACEA: KEY TO SOME MAJOR ORDERS

1. With abdominal appendages (Fig. 1 A)........................................................................................2

Without abdominal appendages (Fig. IB)....................................................................................7
Carapace absent (Fig. 2 B)........................................................................................................ 6
.Order NOTOSTRACA
Without dorsal shield (Fig. 3 B). ................................4

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1963
17*
4. With bivalve shell (Fig. 4 A). SHELL SHRIMP.......................................... Order CONCHOSTRACA

Without bivalve shell (Fig. 4 B)...................................................................................................... 5
interior view
5. First pleopod rudimentary (Fig. 5 A). OPOSSUM SHRIMP............................... Order MYSIDACEA

First pleopod well-developed (Fig. 5 B, C & D). SHRIMP, CRAYFISH, LOBSTERS, CRABS.........
............................................................................................................................Order DECAPODA
Body dorso-ventrally compressed (Fig. 6 B). SOWBUGS, PILLBUGS, ETC............ Order ISOPODA
Fi 2 . 6A Fig. 6 A
• 18
7. Body not completely enlosed in a bivalve shell (Fig. 7 A)............................. 8

Body completely enclosed in a bivalve shell (Fig. 7 B). OSTRACODS................. Order PODOCOPA
Fig. 7 B
Fig. 7 A
8. Body segmented (Fig. 8 A)............................................................................................................. 9

Body not segmented (Fig. 8 B). WATER FLEAS,............................................ Order CLADOCERA
Fig. 8 A
9. Eyes stalked (Fig. 9 A). FAIRY SHRIMP........................................................ Order ANOSTRACA

Eyes not stalked (Fig. 9 B). COPEPODS.........................................................Order EUCOPEPODA
19*
CENTIPEDES: KEY TO SOME IMPORTANT UNITED SIATES SPECIES

Harold George Scott
1. 8 dorsal plates: 15 pairs of long legs. . . . EASTERN HOUSE CENTIPEDE, Scutigera cleoptrata
More than 14 dorsal plates. .............................................................................................................. 2
S c u tig e ra c le o p tr a ta
2. 15 pairs of legs (Lithobius)................................................................................................................. 3

21-23 pairs of legs (Scolopendra) ......................................................................................................4
More than 30 pairs of legs (Geophilus) .............................................................................................. 5
3. Antenna 19-23 segmented.............................................................................Lilhobius multidentatus
Antenna 33-43 segmented................................................................................... Lithobius forficatus
4. Anal legs as long as or longer than 3 terminal body segments........................................................
........................................................................WESTERN HOUSE CENTIPEDE, Scolopendra hews
Anal legs shorter than 3 terminal body segm ents......................................... Scolopendra morsitans
5. 47-53 pairs of legs...............................................................................................................................6

64-67 pairs of legs............................................. Geophilus californicus
6. With 2 longitudinal black lines............................................................................... Geophilus rubens
Without longitudinal black lines......................................................................Geophilus umbraticus

public health service, Communicoble Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1964
• 20
MILLIPEDES: KEY TO SOME IMPORTANT UNITED STATES SPECIES

Harold George Scott, Ph.D.
1. 20-21 body segm ents................................................................................................................................ 2
More than 29 body seg m en ts.................................................................................................................... 3

2, Legs with basal spines........................................................ Pleurolomia butleri (= Fontaria virginiensis)
Legs without basal s p in e s ............................................................................. P seudopclvdesmus serratus
Narceus americanus
3. Body segment 3 with le g s .................................................Narceus americanus (-Spirobolus marginatus)

Body segment 3 without le g s ..................................................... Brachyiulus pusillus ( =Julus virgatus)

Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch
Atlanta, Georgia
1964
ARACHNIDA: KEY TO COMMON ORDERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE
I-------------------------------------------------------------- 1
ABDOMEN DISTINCTLY SEGMENTED ABDOMEN NOT DISTINCTLY SEGMENTED
WITHOUT TAIL WITH TAIL THREAD-WAISTED THICK- WAISTED
ARANEJDA I ACARIÑA
Spiders Ticks and M'tes
"I
L ,
PALPS WITHOUT PINCERS PALPS vVITH PINCERS WITH STINGER WITHOUT STINGER
PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA SCORPIONIDA PEDI PALPIDA

Pseudoscorpions Scorpions Wh ip-Scorpions
LEGS SHORTER THAN BODY LEGS MUCH LONGER THAN BODY
SOLPUG IDA PHALANG IDA

Sun Spiders Daddy tong-leg Spiders
public health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1962
• 22
SPIDERS: KEY TO SOME IMPORTANT UNITED STATES SPECIES
1. Fangs projecting horizontally (Fig. 1 A), (abdomen without tergites; tarsus with claw tufts and 2 claws)
........................................................................................Dugesiella hentzi and others, TARANTULAS
Fangs projecting vertically (Fig. IB)................................................................................................. 2
Fig. 1 A
2. Six eyes in 3 pairs; fiddle-shaped marking on céphalothorax (Fig. 2 A)................................................

Loxosceles reclusa................................................................................... BROWN RECLUSE SPIDERS
Eight eyes (shiny black with red spots; usually with red hourglass on underside of abdomen) (Fig. 2 B).
Latrodectus mactans...................................................................................... BLACK WIDOW SPIDER

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Ditea»» Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1963
z%*.
SCORPION DIAGRAM: DORSAL VIEW OF CENTRUROIDES VITTATUS

p in c e
\
1„ e d i p a 1p
c hel ice r a ' - L
o c e lli
tarsus
p o s t a b d o me n -

public HEALTH service, Commun cable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia _ 1963
• 50
COLLEMHOLA: PICTORIAL KEY TO NEARCTIC GENERA

SUBFAMILY NEANURINAE
a bd V I 1a r ge , b i 1c be d
segm ental tu b e rc le s p re se n t abd V I s m a ll, rounded
segm ental t ;j;:e r c ie s absent
neanurini
- - I PSEUDACHORUTINI
segm ental segm ental a n a l s p in e s p re se n t anal spines absent
tubercles large tubercles small
postantennal postantennal with buccal cone without buccal cone

tubercles 8 tubercles 4-5
Logacanura Odonte11a

public health service. Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlonta, Georgia —
51 •
COLLEMBOL A: PICTORIAL KEY TO NEARCTIC GENERA

SUBFAMILY ISOTOMINAE - Part A
*
Te tracanthe11a Spinisotoma Anurophorus
fringed bothriotricha present fringed bothriotricha absent
see part B

PUBLIC health SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Brcnch, Atlanta, Georgia —1961
• 52
COLLEMBOLA: PICTORIAL KEY TO NEARCTIC GENERA

SUBFAMILY ISOTOMINAE - Part B
____________ continued from part A
anus v e n t r a l an as te rm in a l
manubrium with manubrium

hooks without hooks
Isotomodes Fo1s or»i a

I ' I I I
:ro with 0-3 teeth muero with 4 teeth muero with 2 teeth muero with 3-4 teeth
it
Proisotoma M e tis o toma
eyes 2 and 2 eyes absent

to 4 and 4
Fo lsoraides Micrisotoma
body segments body segments unguis tunicate unguis net tunicate
bulging not bulging
liîotomina
with dental spines
mucro with 3 teeth 4 . iauc.ro with 4 teeth
S e n ic e ru ra Tomocerura Isotoma

PUBLIC HEALTH service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1961
53#
COLLEMBOLA: PICTORIAL KEY TO IVEARCTIC GENERA

SUBFAMILIES TOMOCERINAE AND ENTO MO BRYI NAE
TOMOCERINAE_____________________________ ENTCMOBRYINAE
“I
postantennal organ postantennal organ dentes with large dentes without large
ant 4-segmented ant 4-segmented ant 4-segmented ant 5-segment.ed ant 6-segmented
4th seg annulate 4th seg annulate seg not annulate
dark eyepatch no dark eyepatch
jr
Lepidocyrtinus Troglosine11a
r
scales present scales present scales present scales absent scales absent
muero 1 -toothed :nucro 2 -toothed muero O-toothed muero without muero with
basal spine basal spine
Salina Drepanocyrtus Calx

dens with ventral dens without ventral dens with spines dens without spines
scales scales
*
Homidia
I
ant II longer ant II not
or fewer than IV longer than IV
Lepidocyrtus Pseudosine 11a

"T
eyes 4 and 4 or eyes 8 and 8 eyes 8 and 8 eyes 8 and 8; no tibio-
fewer or absent tibiotarsal patch no tib io tarsal patch tarsal patch; mucro
^ mucro with anteapical without anteapical
tooth
Sine 1lc Entomobryoides Entomobrya

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georjic - 1961
• 54
COLLEMBOLA: PICTORIAL KEY TO NEARCTIC GENERA

FAMILY SMINTHURIDAE
NEE LINAE DICYRTOMINAE
I r
ant I I I lo nger ant III not ant III and claw with c 1 aw w i thout
than IV longer than IV IV fused tunica t u n ic a
Neelides Neelus Megalothorax

SMINTHURID1NAE Dicyrtomina
I I-------------
abd V and VI abd V and VI ant III and IV ant III or IV or
ankylosed
ant IV ■int IV not

Srainthurides subsegmented subsegmented
absent
claw tunicate claw not tunicate
Metakatianna Sphyrotheca Pararrhopalites

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1961
COCKROACHES: PICTORIAL KEY TO SOME COMMON SPECIES
Harry D. Pratt
S M A L L , ABO UT 5 / 0 " OR SHORTER M EDIUM TO LA R G E , LONGER TH A N 5 / 8 INCH
PRONOTUM WITH PRONOTUM W ITHO UT WINGS A B S E N T, WINGS COVERING

2 LO N G ITU D IN AL L O N G ITUD IN AL OR SHORTER A BD O M EN , O FTE N
B LACK BARS B L A C K BARS T H A N ABDOMEN E X T E N D IN G BEYOND
WINGS ABSENT WINGS SHORTER PRONOTUM MORE PRONOTUM ABOUT

TH A N A BD O M EN TH A N \M INCH WIDE 1/4 INCH WIDE
W ITH P A LE BORDER
GERMAN COCKROACH
(BlatteIta germanica)
WINGS COVERING A B O U T H A L F WINGS COVERING N E A R LY A L L

OF A B D O M E N PRO NO TUM OF ABDOM EN OR E X T E N D IN G ORIENTAL COCKROACH WOOD ROACH
A B O U T 1 /4 INCH WIDE BEYOND. PRONOTUM NA RRO W ER (Blatta orientah's) (Parcoblatta spp.)
FRONT WING W ITHOUT PALE

STRE AK . PRO NO TUM S O L ID
COLOR, OR WITH P A L E DESIGN
O NLY MODERATELY CO NSPICUO US
BROWN-8ANDED COCKROACH
(Supella supellectihum)
WOOD ROACH PRONOTUM SOLID DARK COLOR. PRONOTUM US U A LLY W ITH SOME FRONT WING WITH O UTER
(Parcoblatta spp.) G EN ER AL COLOR VERY DARK PALE A R E A . G E N E R A L COLOR S E L D O M P A L E S T R E A K A T B ASE.
BROWN TO B LA C K . D A RKER TH A N REDDISH C H E S TN U T PRONOTUM S T R IK IN G L Y M A R K E D
PALE
SfKLAK
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Communicable Disease Center AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH
Training Branch SMOKY BROWN COCKROACH L A S T SEGMENT OF L A S T SEGMENT OF (Periplaneta austra/asiae)
Atlanta, Georgia —1953 (Periplaneta fuliginosa)
CERCUS NOT TWICE C E R C U S TW IC E AS
55»
AS LONG AS WIDE LO N G A S WIDE
BROWN COCKROACH AMERICAN COCKROACH

(Periplaneta brunnea) (Periplaneta americana)
• 56
COCKROACHES: KEY TO EGG CASES OF COMMON DOMESTIC SPECIES

Harold George Scott, Ph.D. and Margery R. Borom
less than 'A” long more than '/" long

subsegments apparent subsegments inapparent
\ f v *' u | H / , / r ! /
with about 16 subsegments with about 8 subsegments

length more than twice width length less than twice width
fm n m
Blatella germanica Supella supellectilium
GERMAN COCKROACH BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH
nth lateral indentations without lateral indentations
‘f ï T T Y x i X T '
terminal point strong terminal point weak
Periplaneta brunnea Periplaneta fuliginosa

BROWN COCKROACH SMOKY-BROWN COCKROACH
not symmetrical symmetrical
-y\
' \< m O
Blatta orientalis
ORIENTAL COCKROACH
length more than twice width length less than twice width
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch Periplaneta australasiae Periplaneta americana
Atlanta, Georgia —1965 AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH AMERICAN COCKROACH
57*
COCKROACHES: KEY TO SOME COMMON SPECIES FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES

Harry D. Pratt & Chester J. Stojanovich
1. Middle and hind femcra both with numerous strong spines along the ven;ral margin (Fig. 1 A)..2
Middle and hind femora without strong spines along the ventral margin (Fig. 1 B)..................... 12
2. Comparatively large species 18 mm. or longer; subgenital plate of femaLe dividedlongitudinal

ly, valvular (Fig. 2 A); male sty li similar, slender, elongate and straight (Fig. 2 B)............ 3
Species usually less than 18 mm. long; or, if longer, anterior-ventral margin of front femur
with several large stout spines on basal portion, followed by a row of smaller spines (Fig. 2
C); female subgenital plate simple, not divided (Fig. 2 D); male sty li variable, frequently
modified, asymmetrical, or unequal in size (Fig. 2 E)........................................................................8

public HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1962
• 58
3. F ro n t wing in both sexes extending beyond t ip o f abdomen ( F i g . 3 A ) ...................................................................... 4
F ro n t wing in both sexes not reaching tip o f abdomen (F ig . 3 B ) ................................................................................ 7
4. U n ifo rm ly dark b la c k is h -b ro w n , sh in in g s p e c ie s ( F i g . 4 A ) ................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................( P e rip la n e ta f u lig in o s a ) SMOKY BROWN COCKROACH
Sp e cie s w ith some y e llo w is h m arkings on pronoturn or fr o n t wing or both ( F i g . - B ) ..............................5
F ig . 4 A
3. Fro n t wing w ith y e llo w is h s t r i p e ; pronotum w ith y e llo w is h and d a rk e r areas v e ry c o n t r a s t in g ly

marked (F ig . 3 A ) ...............................................................................( P e r ip la n e ta a u s t r a la s ia e ) AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH
Fro n t wing e n t i r e l y brown is .v , pronotum w ith y e llo w is h and d a rk e r areas le s s c o n t r a s t in g ly

marked ( F ig . 3 K ) .................................................................................................................................................... 6
F ig . 5 A F ig . 5 B
59»
b. Styli very iong and slender, longer than space between their bases (Fig. 6 A); cercus long and
slender particularly in the male; male supra-anal plate deeply notched (Fig. 6 B)......................
..................................................... (Periplaneta americana) AMERICAN
Styli shorter, not as long as space between their bases (Fig. 6 C); cercus stouter and more
evenly spindle-shaped; nale supra-anal plate truncate or feebly notched (Fig. 6 D)....................
...................................................................................................... (Periplaneta brunnea) BROWN COCKROACH
7. Blackish species, 15-27 mm. long; male front wings covering two-thirds of abdomen (Fig. 7 A);
female front wings widely separated pads (Fig. 7 B) ; f ir s t segment of hind tarsus longer than
segments 2-5 combined, p u lv illi of second and third segments small (Fig. 7 C).............................
.................................................................................................... (Blatta orlentalis) ORIENTAL COCKROACH
Mahogany brownish species, 30-40 mm. long; front wings reduced to short pads, not widely sep
arated (Fig. 7 D); f ir s t segment of hind tarsus shorter than segments 2-5 combined, pulvilli
of second and third segments large (Fig. 7 E) (Eurycotis floridana) 1ARGE FLORIDA COCKROACH
Pronotura with two conspicuous longitudinal dark bars on a pale background (Fig. 8 A)................9
Pronotum variously marked, but without two conspicuous dark longitudinal bars (Fig. 8 B)....1 0
Face pale (Fig. 9 A); male subgenital plate asymmetrical, sty li very unequal, short and round
ed (Fig. 9 B).............................................................................(B lattella germanica) GERMAN COCKROACH
Face dark; male subgenital plate almost symmetrical, sty li somewhat elongate and subequal in
size (Fig. 9 C)....................................................................................(B lattella vaga) FIELD COCKROACH
Fig. 9
Pronotum with a broad dark central stripe; front wings of both sexes appearing to have two
transverse brownish bars, some pale specimens showing bars poorly (Fig. 10 A). Width of pro
notum usually not exceeding 4.5 mm.......................(Supella supellectilium) BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH
Pronotum and front wings otherwise, or, if pronotum is so marked, its width exceeding 4 5 mm
(Fig. 10 B)................................................................................................................................................ ...
61 •
,a r t;? r sp e c ie s 9-25 mri. or more in le n g th ; fro n t wing w ith o u t sm all c a rk spots in winged
spec imens ( F ig . 11 A) claw s equal ( F ig . 11 B ) ; v e n tra l a n t e r io r margin o f fr o n t femur w ith
3 long a p ic a l sp in e s (Fig. 11 C ) ........................................................... ( P a rc o b la tta s p e c ie s ) WOOD COCKROACHES
s p e c ie s , 8-9 mm. lo n g ; fro n t wing w ith sm all dark sp o ts ( F ig . 11 D ) ; claw s unequal

11 E ) ; v e n t r a l a n t e r io r margin o f fro n t femur w ith 2 long a p ic a l sp in e s ( F ig . 11 F ) . . .
..............................................................................................( E cto b iu s p a llid u s ) SPOTTED MEDITERRANEAN COCKROACH
F ig . 11 D
F ig . 11 C F ig . 11 F
12. Top o f eyes c lo s e to g eth er ( F ig . 12 A ); general c o lo r a n e a rly uniform g re e n is h ; p o s te r io r

m argin o f pronotum somewhat a n g u la rly produced ( F ig . 12 B) ( P an ch lo ra n iv e a ) CUBAN COCKROACH
Top o f eyes sometimes d is t a n t ( F ig . 12 C ); general c o lo r v a rio u s shades o f brown and g ra y ;

pronotum u s u a lly not a n g u la rly produced p o s t e r io r ly ( F ig . 12 D )...................................... , ................................13
Fig. 12 D
• 62
13. Medium sized species, 3G trcn. or less in length, including folded wings (Fig. 14 A 6« B)........... 14
Large species 40 mm. or more in length, including folded wings (Fig. 15 A & C)....................... 15
14, Pronotum uniformly blackish except a narrow yellowish band along anterior and lateral margins
( F i g . 14 A)....................................................................(Pycnoscelus surinamens is ) SURINAM COCKROACH
Pronotum pale with a narrow dark longitudinal submarginal band on each side and irregular
brownish blotches on disc (Fig. 14 B).............................. (Nauphoeta cinerea) CINEREOUS COCKROACH
Fig. 14 A
15. Disc or pronotum with shield-like design, sometimes skull-like design (Fig. 15 A); front
femur with one or more stout spurs on underside (Fig. 15 B)..........................................................
...............................................................(Blaberus giganteus; Blaberus cran iifer) GIANT COCKROACH
Disc of pronotum with shield-like design darkened in outline only, not solid black (Fig. 15
C); front femur with a line of s tif f hairs on anterior-ventral margin (Fig. 15 D)...................
.................................................................................................(Leucophaea maderae) MADEIRA COCKROACH
Fig. 15 C Fig. 15 D
63»
TERMITES. KEY TO SOME COMMON NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES

Harold George Scott
F ig . A - W in g e d A d u l t F ig . B - S o ld ie r F ig . C - W o rk e r
K e y to W in g e d A d u l t s
1. R a d iu s w i t h o u t b r a n c h e s ; f o n t a n e l ( f i g . E) u s u a l l y p r e s e n t ......................................................................... 2
R a d i u s ( f i g . D ) . w i t h b r o i c h e s ; f o n t a n e l a b s e n t ................................................................................................... 4
2. T i b i a ( f ig . F) s l i g h t l y to p l a i n l y b l a c k i s h ................................................................................................................. 3
T i b i a e n t i r e l y p a le ; O n t a r i o t o G u a t e m a la , w e s t t o U t a h a nd A r i z o n a
(Reticulitermes flavipes).........................................................E A S T E R N S U B T E R R A N E A N T E R M IT E
3. T i b i a s l i g h t l y d a rk e n e d ; le n g t h 9 m m.; B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a to B a j a C a l i f o r n i a ,
e a s t to Id aho and Sonora
(Reticulitermes hesperus)......................................................... W E S T E R N S U B T E R R A N E A N T E R M IT E
T i b i a g e n e r a l l y d a rk e n e d ; l e n g t h 9 . 5 - 10 m m.; O re g o n and M o n t a n a t o w e s t e r n
M exico, M isso uri, and T e x a s
( Reticulitermes tibialis)....................................................................... A R ID S U B T E R R A N E A N T E R M IT E
4. O c e l l i ( f ig . E) p r e s e n t ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
O c e l l i a b s e n t; w e s t e r n C a n a d a to B a j a C a l i f o r n i a
(Zootermopsis angusticollis) .......................................................W E S T E R N R O T T E N - W O O D T E R M I T E
5. B o d y y e l l o w to l i g h t b r o w n ................................................................................. ............................................................. (,
B o d y b l a c k i s h ; C a l i f o r n i a to B a j a C a l i f o r n i a , e a s t to A r i z o n a and U t a h
( Kalotermes minor)...................................................................................... W E S T E R N D R Y -W O O D T E R M I T E
6. T r a n s v e r s e r o w s o f lo n g h a i r s on t e r g i t e s ; South C a r o l i n a to F l o r i d a ,
w e s t t o e a s te r n T e x a s ( Kalotermes snyderi).............................. EASTERN D R Y -W O O D T E R M I T E
No t r a n s v e r s e r o w s o f h a i r s on t e r g i t e s ; A r i z o n a and C a l i f o r n i a
(Procryptotermes hubbardi) ................................................................................A R I D D R Y -W O O D T E R M I T E
K e y t o S o ld ie r s
1. F o n t a n e l ( f i g . E) p re s e n t ; e y e s u s u a l l y a b s e n t .................................................................................................... 2
F o n t a n e l a b s e n t; e y e s ( f i g . E) p r e s e n t ................................................................................................................... 4
2. G u la ( f ig . G) n o t t w i c e as b ro a d in f r o n t as in m i d d l e ................ A R I D S U B T E R R A N E A N T E R M I T E
G u la t w i c e as b ro a d in f r o n t a s in m i d d l e ................................................................................................................ 3
3. H e a d t w i c e as lo n g a s b r o a d ......................................................... W E S T E R N S U B T E R R A N E A N T E R M I T E
H e a d l e s s th a n t w i c e a s lo n g as b ro a d ................................... c A S T E R N S U B T E R R A N E A N T E R M I T E
4. A ntenna (fig . E) w i t h 2 3 -3 1 s e g m e n ts ...................................................................................................................... 5

A n t e n n a w i t h 10-20 s e g m e n t * ............................................................W E S T E R N R O T T E N - W O O D T E R M I T E
5. T h ir d antennal s e g m e n t as lo n g a s n e x t 3 c o m b i n e d ..................... E A S T E R N D R Y -W O O D T E R M I T E
T h ir d antennal s e g m e n t s h o r t e r th a n n e x t 3 c o m b i n e d .................... W E S T E R N D R Y -W O O D T E R M I T E
T h ir d antennal s e g m e n t a t lo n g as n e x t 4 c o m b i n e d .................................A R I D D R Y -W O O D T E R M I T E

public health service, Communicab19 Disease Confer, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1962
• 64
EARWIGS: PICTORIAL KEY TO COMMON DOMESTIC SPECIES

tarsus II prolonged beneath III tarsus II not prolonged beneath III
EUROPEAN EARWIG
F o r j i c u l a a u r ic u l a r i a
I------------------
wings present wings absent
SHORE EARW IG
L a b i d u r a r ip a r ia
j------------------------------
legs and antennae banded legs and antennae not banded
RING-LEGGED EARWIG SEASIDE EARWIG

E u b o r e llia a n n u li p e s A n iso la b is m a ritim a

PUBLIC HEALTH service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1963
65*
PSOCIDS: KEY TO SOME SPECIES COMMONLY INFESTING STORED FOOD

1. T w o d i s t i n c t t h o r a c i c s e g m e n t s ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
T hre e d i s t i n c t t h o r a c i c se g m e n ts [Trogium pulsatorium)................................................................................ DEATH W A T C H
2. W i t h o u t l a r g e p r o n o t a l b ris tle s 3.
W i t h la r g e p r o n o t a l b r i s t l e s ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3. Eye w i t h 7 f a c e t s ; h e a d a n d b o d y b r o w n (Liposcelis bosfrychopilus) B A N D E D P S O C ID
Eye w i t h 2—4 f a c e t s ; h e a d b ro w n , b o d y y e l l o w ( Liposcelis paetus) W A R E H O U S E P S O C ID
4. T w o t o 5 la r g e p r o n o t a l b ris tle s (Liposcelis enfomophilus) G R A IN P S O C ID
O n e la r g e p r o n o t a l b r i s t l e ( Liposcelis terricolus) B O O K LOUSE

99«
F ig . 140 LICE COMMONLY FOUND ON MAN
Harry D. Pratt
BODY LOUSE
AND
HEAD LOUSE CRAB LOUSE
First pair of legs

smaller than second
and third pairs of legs
Abdomen shorter
with hairy pro
cesses laterally
P E D /C U L U S P H T H /R U S
HUMANUS P U B IS

PUBLIC health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —Revised Aug. 1953, Oct. 1948
AN01*1.I K.I: PICTORIAL KEY TO SPECIES ON DOMESTIC RATS
IN SOUTHERN UNITED STATES
Roy F. Fritz and Harry D. Pratt
Abdomen with well de Abdomen with plates

fined ven'ral, lateral poorly defined or
and dorsol plates absent
ADULTS NYMPHS
J ■■ ■
Lateral plates smoll, Lateral plates large, Abdomen with spira Abdomen without
subtnangular. Segment emarginate posteri cles and two parallel spiracles or parof*
H of antenno as long orly. Segment n of rows of setae lei rows of setae
as wide antenna longer than
wide
Polyplax spinulosa
Loteral plates 4-6 Lateral plates 4-

with one iorge and 6 with two lorge
one minute seta setae
Hoplopleura oenomydis
Lateral plates broad Loteral plates narrow

ly emarginate; Apical lyemarginate; Apical
processes thorn - like processes broad

Communicable Diseose Center, Training Branch Hoplopleura hirsuto Hoplopleura aconthopus
Atlanta, Georgia —1947
• 68
ANOPLURA: PICTORIAL KEY TO SOME COMMON GENERA OF SUCKING LICE

Chester J. Stojanovich and Harry D. Pratt
I I
vith eyes or ocular points without eyes or ocular points
ocular points present, eyes absent eyes present, ocular points absent abdomen with abdomen without
lateral plates lateral plates
present at ba?c of abdomen (----------------- 1

front of sternal plate not rounded front of «■ternal plate rounded
Hoplopleura Polyplax ISeohaematopinus

public HEALTH service. Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1962
69*
AN0PLURA: KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES

K e y to F a m ilie s o f A n o p l u r a
1. Head a n d t h o r a x m o r e o r l e s s t h i c k l y c o v e r e d w i t h s e t a e ; i n some s p e c i e s t h e s e t a e a r e
m o d i f i e d i n t o s c a l e s ( F i g . 1 A) . On m a r i n e a n i m a l s ........................... FAMILY ECHINOPHTHIRIIDAE
Head a n d t h o r a x w i t h o n l y a f e w s e t a e (Fig. 1 B)
Fig. Fig. 1
Eyes and o c u l a r p o i n t s absent (Fig. 2 C ) ....................................................................................................................4
Fig. 2 A
3. Abdomen w i t h o u t i r r e g u l a r s c l e r o t i z e d p l a t e s o n d o r s u m a n d v e n t e r ( F i g . 3 A ) . On man.
............................................................................................................................................................................... FAMILY PEDICULIDAE
Abdomen w i t h i r r e g u l a r s c l e r o t i z e d p l a t e s o n d o r s u m a n d v e n t e r ( F i g . 3 B ) . On h o o f e d
a n i m a l s ......................................................................................................................................................FAMILY HAEMATOPINIDAE
Fig. 3 A Fig. 3

p u b l i c h e a l t h s e r v i c e . Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 196i
• 70
4 . P aratergal plates absent (Fig. 4 A ). On h o o f e d a n i m a l s o r c a r n i v o r e s ................................................

........................................ FAMILY LINOGNATHIDAE
P aratergal plates present (Fig. 4 B ). On r o d e n t s a n d l a g o m o r p h s . . . FAMILY HOPLOPLEURIDAE
K e y to G e n e r a o f E c h in o p h th ir iid a e
1. Antennae fo ur-segm ented; abdomen w i t h o u t s c a l e - l i k e setae (Fig. 1 A ) ................................................2
A n t e n n a e f i v e - s e g m e n t e d ; abdomen w i t h s c a l e - l i k e setae (Fig. 1 B ) ................ A n t a r c t o p h t h i r u s
2. Legs a l l e s s e n t i a l l y the same s i z e (Fig. 2 A ) .............. E c h i n o p h t h i r i u s h o r r i d u s (von O lfe rs)
A n t e r i o r l e g s s m a l l ; s e c o n d a n d t h i r d l e g s s t o u t ( F i g . 2 B ) .........................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... P r o e c h i n o p h t h i r u s f l u c t u s ( F e r r i s )
71 •
K e y to S p e c ie s o f A n t a r c t o p h t h ir u s
1. S cale-like setae p r e s e n t o n l y o n a b d o me n ( F i g . 1 A), . A n t a r c t o p h t h i r u s c a l L o r h i n i (O sborn)
S cale-like s e t a e p r e s e n t o n t h o r a x a nd abdomen ( F i g . I B ) .............................................................................2
2. T h o r a c i c s t e r n u m w i t h a f e w l o n g s e t a e o n p o s t e r i o r b o r d e r ( F i g . 2 A ) ...............................................
......................................................................................................A n t a r c t o p h t h i r u s m i c r o c h i r ( T r o u s s a r t & Neumann)
T h o r a c i c s t e r n u m w i t h o u t l o n g s e t a e o n p o s t e r i o r b o r d e r ( F i g . 2 B ) .......................................................
................................................................................................................................... A n t a r c t o p h t h i r u s t r i c h e c h i ( Bo h e ma n n )
Fig. 2 A Fig. 2 B
• 72
K ey to G enera o f H a e m a to p in id a e
l . S t e r n a l p l a t e o f t h o r a x p r e s e n t ; e y e s a b s e n t b u t w i t h p r o m i n e n t o c u l a r p o i n t s ( F i g . 1 A)
.......................................................................................................................... Haematopinus
S te r n a l p la te o f thorax ab sen t; eyes p re s e n t (Fig. I B ) . On p e c c a r y ..................................................

............................................................................................................................................P e c a r o e c u s j a v a l l i B a b c o c k & E w i n g
Fig. 1 A Fig. 1 B
K e y to S p ecies o f H a e m a to p in u s
1. Thoracic s t e r n a l p l a t e w i d e r t h a n l o n g , s t e r n a l p i t s on p l a t e ( F i g . 1 A ). Hog l o u s e . . . .
.......................................................................... .............................................................H a e m a t o p i n u s s u i s (Linnaeus)
Thoracic stern alp late longer than w ide; sternal p its o ff plate ( F i g . 1 B ) .................................. 2
Fig. 2 A Fig. 2 B
2. H e a d a t l e a s t t wo t i m e s a s l o n g a s w i d e a t o c u l a r p o i n t s ; s t e r n a l p l a t e w i t h o u t a
median p r o j e c t i o n (Fig. 2 A & B ). On e q u i n e s . H o r s e s u c k i n g l o u s e . . . , .............................................
............................................................................................................................................... Haematopi n u s as i n i ( L i n n a e u s )
H e a d n o t two t i m e s a s l o n g a s w i d e a t o c u l a r p o i n t s ; s t e r n a l p l a t e w i t h a m e d i a n p r o
j e c t i o n ( F i g . 2 C & D). On. c a t t l e ................................................................................................ 3
Fig. 2 A Fig. 2 B Fig. 2 C Fig. 2 D

73#
3. T h o r a c i c s t e r n a l p l a t e w i t h median p r o j e c t i o n b l u n t and ro u n d e d ; male g e n i t a l p l a t e

w i t h s i x s e t a e ( F i g . 3 A & B). S h o r t - n o s e d c a t t l e l o u s e ............................................................ .................
........................................................................................................................................ H a e ma t op i n u s e u r y s t e r n u s ( N i t z s c h )
T h o r a c i c s t e r n a l p l a t e w i t h m edian p r o j e c t i o n more a c u t e and l o n g e r ; m a l e g e n i t a l p l a t e

w ith fo u r s e t a e (Fig. 3 C & D). C a t t l e t a i l l o u s e ..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................H a e m a t o p i n u s q u a d r i p e r t u s u s F a h r e n h o l z
K e y t o G e n e ra o f H o p lo p l e u r id a e
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s v e r y s m a l l b e i n g m e r e l y s l i g h t l y s c l e r o t i z e d p o i n t s ( F i g . 1 A ) ................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................... H a e m o d i p s u s
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s on a t l e a s t one abdom inal segm ent u s u a l l y as l o n g a s , o r a t l e a s t

h a l f a s l o n g a s , t h e s t e r n a l p l a t e ( F i g . 1 B ) ..........................................................................................................2
2. F i r s t a n d s e c o n d p a i r o f l e g s o f t h e sa me s i z e a n d f o r m , b o t h b e i n g m o r e s l e n d e r a n d
s m a l l e r t h a n t h e t h i r d p a i r o f l e g s ( F i g . 2 A ) ......................................................................................................., 3
F i r s t p a i r o f le g s s m a l l e s t o f the th r e e p a i r s ; the second p a i r w ith s t o u t e r claws (F ig .

2 B ) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
• 74
3. A p a i r o f sm a ll s c l e r o t i z e d p l a t e s p r e s e n t on v e n t e r o f ab d o m in al segm ent 2 ( F i g . 3 A);

a n t e n n a e a n d h e a d w i t h o u t h o o k - l i k e p r o c e s s e s ........................................................................ E n d e r l e i n e l l u s
S c l e r o t i z e d p l a t e s e n t i r e l y l a c k i n g on v e n t e r o f ab do m in al segm ent 2 ; a n t e n n a e and head

w i t h h o o k - l i k e p r o c e s s e s ( F i g . 3 B ) ...................................................M i c r o p h t h i r u s u n c i n a t u s (F erris)
Fig. 3 A
4. Antennae fo u r-seg m en ted (sometimes a p p e a r i n g t h r e e - s e g m e n te d ) ; b l a d d e r - l i k e e x p a n s i o n s

o n t h i r d l e g ( F i g . 4 A & B ) ........................................................................... H a e m a t o p i n o i d e s s q u a m o s u s O s b o r n
Antennae five-segm ented; b la d d e r-lik e expansions l a c k i n g on t h i r d leg (Fig. 4 C ) ...............5
Fig. 4 A Fig. 4 B
5. F i r s t s t e r n i t e o f abdominal segment 3 ex te n d e d l a t e r a l l y to a r t i c u l a t e w it h i t s c o r r e s
p o n d i n g p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e ; t h i s s t e r n i t e b e a r i n g two g r o u p s o f t wo o r t h r e e s t o u t s e t a e
( F i g . 5 A ) ........................................................................................................................................................................H o p l o p l e u r a
F i r s t s t e r n i t e o f abdominal segment 3 n e v e r a r t i c u l a t i n g w ith p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e ( F i g . 5

B ) .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
o t h e r on t h e v e n t e r o f t h e a b d o me n ( F i g . 6 A ) ............................................................................. F a h r e n h o l z i a
P aratergal plate 2 never com pletely d iv id ed to f o r m t wo d i s t i n c t plates (Fig. 6 B) . . . . 7
Fig. 6 A Fig. 6 B
75«
r n a. ■ p l a t e o f t h o r a x u s u a l l y p o i n t e d p o s t e r i o r l y o r , i f t r u n c a t e , a l w a y s a s s o c i a t e d
w i t h a h u g e e n l a r g e m e n t o f t h e f i r s t a n t e n n a l s e g m e n t ( F i g . 7 A £< B ) ......................... P o l y p l a x
S te rn a l p la t e of thorax u s u a lly emarginate p o s t e r io r l y o r sometimes q u a d ra te in shape

( F i g , 7 C & D ) ................. Neohaematop inus
Fig. 7 A Fig. 7 Fig. 7 C
K e y t o S p e c ie s o f E n d e r le in e llu s
1. Paratergal p l a t e s p r e s e n t on abdom inal segm ents 2-5 (Fig. 1 A ) . ...........................................................2
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s p r e s e n t on abdom inal se gm ents 2- 6 ; abd om ina l s t e r n i t e s and t e r g i t e s

p r e s e n t in both sexes (Fig. 1 B ). On S c i u r u s ................... E n d e r l e i n e l l u s n i t z s c h i F a h r e n h o l z
• 24
SCORPION DIAGRAM: V E N T R A L VIEW O F C E N T R U R O I D E S V I T T A T U S

p 1n c e r _ _ — — —
\
\
chelicera^ \
— p e d ip a 1 p
ster n u m V i ------------
- p o s t a b d o m e n

p u b l i c h e a l t h s e r v i c e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1963
25 0
SCORPIONS: PICTORIAL K E Y T O SOME C O M M O N UNITED STATES SPECIES

Chester J. Stojanovich and Harold G e o r g e Scott
s t i n g e r w i t h m a n y setae s t i n g e r w i t h few setae
s tin g e r w ith o u t su b a c u le a r to o th s tin g e r w ith s u b a c u le a r to o th
.
litulnt rus arizon etis is
OI.IVI HAIRY SCORPION L
I-------------
I h h I v >t r i [)<“(! (lo r>a ! I v Ik h I y p a t t e r n e d d o r s a l l y body not s tr ip e d o r p a tte r n e d
\ ejtn i* spinifivrus Vvjovis cnroIini<inus \ Vjovis 11(Ivus

M RIP1-TAIL [)i VII. SCORPION SOUTHERN DEVIL SCORPION SLLNDi-K DEVIL M ORPiON
,------------------------
r 1■
I) im I\ M a r k d o r> a llv body s t r i p e d d o r s a l l y b o d v v e llo w d o r s a i l \
Centruroides gracilis
MARGARITE SCORPION SIR IPH-BACK SCORPION DEADLY X LPTCRED SC0 RP1;
U. S. D E P A R T M E N T OF H E A L T H , E D U C A T I O N , A N D W E L F A R E
P U B L I C h e a l t h S E R V I C E , C o m mu n i c c b l e D i s e a s e Ce n t e r , T r a i n i n g Br anch, A t l a n t a , Ge o r g i a — 196
• 26
A C ARINA: I L L U S T R A T E D K E Y T O S O M E C O M M O N A D L ’L T FEMALE MITES A N D ADL'LT TICKS

Harry D. Pratt and Chester J. Stojanovich
1. L a s t s e g m e r t of first leg with a d e p r e s s i o n k n o w n as Haller's organ; m o s t species with

a toothed h y p o s t o m e o n c apitulum; size u sually o v e r 4 m m . (Fig. 1 A). T i c k s 21
L a s t s e g m e n t of first leg without s u c h a d e p r e s s i o n k n o w n as Haller's organ; h y p o s t o m e

not toothed; m o s t species less than 4 m m . long (Fig. 1 B). M i t e s ........................2
Fig. 1 Fig. 1 B
2. R e s p i r a t o r y s y s t e m with a spiracle on e a c h side o p e n i n g lateral to the b a s e s of the 3 r d

or 4th pair of legs, frequently spiracles leading into s lender tubes that e xt e n d f o r w a r d
laterally to the b a s e s of the 1st or 2 n d pairs of legs Fig. 2 A). M e s o s t i g m a t i d Mites. 3
R e s p i r a t o r y s y s t e m without spiracles, or with spiracles o p e n i n g n e a r b a s e s of the c he -

licerae (Fig. 2 B)............................................................................. 13
Pig. Fig. 2 B
3. A n u s s u r r o u n d e d b y a plate b e a r i n g on l y 3 setae, o n e o n e a c h side a n d o n e behi n d the

anal opening; first tarsus b e a r i n g c a r u n c l e a n d c l a w s at tip (Fig. 3 A ) .................. 4
A n u s s u r r o u n d e d b y a plate b e a r i n g m o r e than 3 setae; first tars u s without c a r u n c l e a n d

c l a w s (Fig. 3 B) ............................................. M a n y spec i e s of Macrocheles
Fig. 3 A Fig. 3 a
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF H E A L TH , EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

public health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Brcnch, Atlanta, Georgia
— Revised 1966 by Harold George Scott
27»
a n a l o p e n i n g m o r e than its length behi n d anterior m a r g i n of anal plate; chelicerae

strongly n a r r o w e d apically, needle-like, m o v a b l e chela a b s e n t or e x t r e m e l y s m a l l (Fig.
4 A). G e n u s D e r m a n y s s u s ................................................................... 5
A n a l o p e n i n g less than its length or about its length, beh i n d anterior m a r g i n of anal
plate; chelicerae not n a r r o w e d apically a n d needle-like, shear-like, b e a r i n g c o n s p i c u
o u s shear-like chelae at tip w h i c h m a y o r m a y not b e a r teeth (Fig. 4 B)................. 7
Fig. 4 A Fig. 4 B
5. D o r s a l surface of b o d y with a single plate (Fig. 5 A ) ...................................... 6
D o r s a l surf a c e of b o d y with t w o plates, a large anterior plate a n d a s m a l l posterior

plate (Fig. 5 B). D e r m a n y s s u s s a n g u i n e u s .......................... H O U S E M O U S E MITE
Fig. 5 Fig. 5 B
6. P e r i t r e m e tube s o m e w h a t sinuous a n d extending anteriorly to a point opposite c o x a 2

(Fig. 6 A). D e r m a n y s s u s gallinae......................................... C H I C K E N MITE
P e r i t r e m e tube short, extending f o r w a r d for a distance less than half the d i a m e t e r of

c o x a 3 (Fig. 6 B). D e r m a n y s s u s a m e r i c a n u s ..................... A M E R I C A N BIRD M I T E
Fig.
• 28
7. D o r s a l plate not c o v e r i n g entire d o r s a l surf a c e of mite; genito-ventral plate typically

n a r r o w e d posteriorly b e h i n d 4th coxae; chelae o n c helicerae without teeth or setae (Fig.
7 A). G e n u s O r n i t h o n y s s u s .................................................................. 8
D o r s a l plate a l m o s t c o v e r i n g entire dors a l surface of mite; genito-ventral plate typical

ly e x p a n d e d p osterior to 4th coxae; o n e o r both c h e l a e of chelicerae with teeth a n d a
seta (Fig. 7 B). F a m i l y L a e l a p t i d a e ........................................................ 10
Fig. 7 Fig-
Sternal plate with anterior a n d m i d d l e pairs of sternal setae o n the plate, posterior pair
u sua l l y just off the plate (Fig. 8 A). O n Birds. . . O r n i t h o n y s s u s sylviaruin..............
....................................................................... N O R T H E R N F O W L MITE
Sternal plate with the usual three pairs of setae o n the plate (Fig. 8 B)................9
Fig. 8 A
9. D o r s a l plate n a r r o w e d posteriorly; setae in m i d d l e d orsal r o w of plate longer than the
distance b e t w e e n their b a s e s (Fig. 9 A). N o r m a l l y on m a m m a l s or m a n ...............
O r n i t h o n y s s u s b a c o t i ................................................. T R O P I C A L R A T M I T E
D o r s a l plate b r o a d e r posteriorly; setae in m i d d l e d o r s a l r o w of plate m u c h s hor t e r than

the distance b e t w e e n their b a s e s (Fig. 9 B). N o r m a l l y o n b i r d s ..........................
O r n i t h o n y s s u s b u r s a . .................................................T R O P I C A L B I R D M I T E
29»
10. G e n i to-ventral plate with m a n y fine setae; anal plate transverse, w i d e r than long (Fig.
10 A). O n d o m e s t i c rats a n d a w i d e variety of wild m a m m a l s E u l a e l a p s stabularis
G e n i to-ventral plate with o n e to four pairs of setae; anal plate longer than w i d e (Fig. 10
B) .............................. 11
11. G e n ito-ventral plate with only a single pair of setae (Fig. 11 A). O n d o m e s t i c rats a n d
m i c e a n d a w i d e variety of m a m m a l s a n d b i r d s .................... .......................
H a e m o l a e l a p s g l a s g o w i . .......................................... C O M M O N R O D E N T MITE
G e n ito-ventral plate with four pairs of setae (Fig. 11 B). N o r m a l l y o n d o m e s t i c rats.. 12
12. A n a l plate contiguous with the genito-ventral plate, anterior m a r g i n r o u n d e d a n d fitting

into a strong concavity in genito-vental plate; lar g e r spec i e s a v e r a g i n g 1-2 m m . long.
(Fig. 12 A). Echino l a e l a p s e c h i d n i n u s . ...................................S P I N Y R A T MITE
An a l plate s o m e w h a t s e p a r a t e d f r o m genito-ventral plat, anterior m a r g i n a l m o s t

straight with definite anterior-lateral c orn e r s ; s m a l l spec i e s a v e r a g i n g 0. 5-1 m m long
(Fig. 12 B). L a e l a p s nuttalli.........................................D O M E S T I C R A T MITE
• 30
13. First pair of legs v e r y long, m u c h lon g e r than other three pairs; anterior m a r g i n of
b o d y with four distinct flattened scales a n d s o m e w h a t flattened scales o n other d or s a l
s u r f a c e s of b o d y (Fig. 13 A). Plant f e e d e r s w h i c h invade buildings but d o not bite m a n .
B r y o b i a p r a e t i o s a ............................................................ C L O V E R MITE
First pair of legs not m a r k e d l y long e r than the other three pairs of legs; n o flattened
scales on b o d y (Fig. 13 B)................................................. 14
14. Surface of b o d y without fine parallel lines o r folds; tarsi without stalked s u c k e r s (Fig.
14 A). Adults n e v e r true parasites ( C h e e s e o r F l o u r m i t e s ) ............................ 15
Surf a c e of b o d y with fine parallel lines o r folds; tarsi often p r o v i d e d with stalked s u c k
e r s (Fig. 14 B). Scabies or m a n g e m i t e s parasitic in all stages, chiefly o n v ertebrates
16
15. T a r s i tapering m a r k e d l y to tip (Fig.
T a r s i not tapering m a r k e d l y to tip (Fig. 15 B). M a n y c h e e s e a n d flour m i t e s w h i c h a r e

difficult to s e p a r a t e e x c e p t with v e r y specialized literature a n d a r e f e r e n c e collection.
.............................................. G e n u s Tyrophagus, G e n u s Caloglyphus, Etc
31 •
16. B o d y elongate, s o m e w h a t c i g a r - s h a p e d a n d p r o l o n g e d behind; the a b d o m e n s o m e w h a t

ringed; legs v e r y short, a p p a r e n t l y t h r e e - s e g m e n t e d ; tiny species less t han 1 m m .
(Fig. 16 A). In hair follicles o r s e b a c e o u s g l a n d s of m a m m a l s ..........................
D e m o d e x f o lliculorum.......................................... P O R E O R FOLLICLE MITE
B o d y not p r o l o n g e d b ehind a n d c i g a r - s h a p e d (Fig. 16 B). O c c a s i o n a l l y f e m a l e grain itch

s o m e w h a t b alloon-shaped; larger species not found in hair follicle o r s e b a c e o u s glands
of m a m m a l s ........................................................... 17
Fig. 16 A Fig.
17. A c l u b - s h a p e d o r clavate hair b e t w e e n b a s e s of first a n d s e c o n d pairs of legs, b o d y di

vided into c é p h a l o t h o r a x a n d a b d o m e n , the latter often e n o r m o u s l y e n l a r g e d (Fig. 17 A)
P y e m o t e s ventricosus f o r m e r l y Pediculoides v e n t r i c o s u s ............ S T R A W ITCH MITE
Setae o n c é p h a l o t h o r a x n o r m a l , n o c l u b - s h a p e d o r clavate hair b e t w e e n b a s e s of first

a n d s e c o n d pairs of legs; n o distinct division into c é p h a l o t h o r a x a n d a b d o m e n (Fig. 17 B)
18
18. L e g s short a n d stubby (Fig. 18 A). . .20

L e g s longer a n d m o r e slender (Fig. 18 B). .19
Fig.
• 32
19. S u c k e r s of tarsi with s e g m e n t e d pedicels (Fig. 19 A). N o n - b u r r o w i n g itch m i t e s on

mammals in the g e n u s Psoroptes, a common species c a u s i n g s c a b s a n d crusts in the
e a r s of rabbits is the P s o r o p t e s c u n i c u l i .............................. R A B B I T E A R MITE
S u c k e r s of tarsi without s e g m e n t e d pedicels (Fig. 19 B)................. ................

............................ ......................... Dermatophagoides scheremetewskyi
20. A n a l o p e n i n g o n the dorsal s u r f a c e of the body; d ors a l surf a c e of the b o d y with onl y
short, s h a r p setae (Fig. 2 0 A ) ............................................. . .Notoedres
A n a l o p e n i n g at tip of b o d y o r slightly o n ventral side; dors a l surface of b o d y with

p oin t e d scales a n d blunt stout spines (Fig. 2 0 B). S a r c o p t e s s c a b i e i ...................
.......................................................... SCABIES O R M A N G E MITE
33»
21. C a p i t u l u n i a t a n t e r i o r end o f b o d y , v i s i b l e f r om a b o v e and b e l o w ; s c u t u m o r d o r s a l s h i e l d

p r e s e n t , s h o r t i n r e n a l e , l o n g i n ma l e ( F i g . 21 A & B ) . F a m i l y I x o d i d a e . .HARD TI CKS. . . 22
Ca p i t u 1urn on u n d e r s i d i o f b o d y , h i d d e n by body when s e e n f r om a b o v e t h o u g h p a l p i may

p r o j e c t a n t e r i o r i v ; s c i rum a b s e n t ( F i g . 21 C & D). Family A r g a s i d a e SOFT T I CKS . . . . 31
FAMILY IXODIDAE - HARD TICKS
22. Ornate t i c k s , w i t h some w h i t e m a r k i n g s o n d o r s a l shield ( F i g . 22 A ) ................................................. 23
Inornate ticks, w i t h o u t w h i t e m a r k i n g s on d o r s a l shield ( F i g . 22 B ^ ..................................................28
23. P a l p i l o n g , much l o n g e r t h a n b a s i s c a p i t u l i ; s e c o n d s e g m e n t o f p a l p u s a b o u t t w i c e a s l o n g
a s w i d e ( F i g . 2 3 A) . Ge nus Amb l yomma ................................................................................................................................ 24
P a l p i s h o r t , ab o u t as long as b a s i s c a p i t u l i ; second segment of p alp us ab o u t aslong as

w i d e ( F i g . 23 B). Ge n u s D e r m a c e n t o r .................................................................................................................................. 25
III I I -------------I - -palpal segm ents -------------I I I — I I — 1

• 34
24. Next to l a s t segment of second , t h i r d , and fourth pairs of legs w ithoitpairedterm inal
s p u r s ; f e m a l e w i t h a d i s ; i nc t p a l e m a r k i n g n e a r p u s t e r i o r end o f d o r s a l s h i e l d ( F i g . 24
A). Ami) 1 yomma ame. r i c a n u m ...........................................................................................................................LONE STAR TICK
Nex t t o l a s t s e g m e n t o f s e c o n d , t h i r d , and fourth pairs of legs w ith le-.ig, paired term i

n a l s p u r s ; f e m a l e w i t h more d i f f u s e m a r k i n g s on d o r s a l s h i e l d ( F i g . 24 B ) .......................................
Amb 1yomma mac u 1a t ur n .................... GULF COAST TICK
•WINTER TICK
S p i r a c u l a r p l a t e w i t h d o r s a l p r o l o n g a t i o n ( F i g . 25 B ) . 26
f°°Y ^
^ o °°° i
F i g . 25 A \° o o V ) ° oP0° o // F i g . 25 B
26. Basis c a p i t u l i w ith long c ornu a ( F i g . 26 A). D e r m a c e n t o r o c c i d e n t a l i s . PACIFIC COAST TICK
B a s i s c a p i t u l i w i t h s h o r t c o r n u a ( F i g . 26 B ) ...........................................................................................................27
F i g . 26 A F i g . 26 B
35«
G ^. i Let s o f s;< i r a c u l a r p l a t e l a r g e and l e s s n u m e r o u s ; Rocky M o u n t a i n s p e c i e s . ( F i g . 27 A)

D_■r m a c e n t o r a u d e r s o r . i .......................................................................................................... RCCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK
G o b l e t s o f s p i r a c u l a r p l a t e v e r y s m a l l an d n u m e r o u s ; e a s t o f t h e Rocky M o u n t a i n s a nd on
the P a c i f i c c o a s t . ( F i g . 27 B). D e r m a c e n t o r v a r i a b i l i s ......................... ............ AMERICAN DOG TICK
F i g . 27 A F i g . 27 B
28. S i d e s of b a s i s c a p i t u l i l a t e r a l l y p r o d u c e d ; d i s t i n c t l y a n g u l a t e ; e y e s p r e s e n t on s i d e s
o f s c u t u m ( F i g . 28 A & B ) .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
S i d e s o f b a s i s c a p i t u l i n o t l a t e r a l l y p r o d u c e d ; mor e o r l e s s p a r a l l e l ( F i g . 28 C ) ; e y e s
a b s e n t ........................................................................................................................................................................................................30
29. Fore coxa d e e p ly c l e f t ; f e s t o o n s p r e s e n t ; e a s i l y seen in unengorged s p e c im e n s ; a n a l

g r o o v e d i s t i n c t i n u n e n g o r g e d s p e c i m e n s ( F i g . 29 A ) . ( p r i n c i p a l l y on d o g s o r i n h o u s e s )
R h i p i c e p h a l u s s a n g u i n e u s ........................................................................................................... BROWN DOG TICK
F o r e c o x a n o t d e e p l y c l e f t ; f e s t o o n s a b s e n t ; a n a l g r o o v e i n d i s t i n c t ( F i g . 29 B ) . (On c a t
t l e a n d d e e r ) . B o o p h i Lus a n n u l a t u s ........................................................................................................ CATTLE TICK
f o r e coxa
\
\
Fig. 29 B
• 36
30. Second s e g m e n t o f p a l p u s l a t e r a l l y p r o d u c e d ; a n a l g r o o v e b e h i n d a n u s , n o t ....a t t a i n i n g p o s

terior m a r g i n s o f body ( F i g . 30 A & B) . H a e m a p h y s a l i s l e p o r i s p a l u s t r i s .............RABBIT TICK
Second segment of p a l p u s n o t l a t e r a l l y p r o d u c e d ; a n a l gro ove e x t e n d i n g as an i n v e r t e d U

f r o m i n f r o n t o f a n u s t o p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n s o f b o d y ( F i g . 30 C ) ................................G e n u s I x o d e s
second segment of palpus anal groove anal groove
I
31. M a r g i n o f body w i t h a d e f i n i t e s u t u r a l l i n e s e p a r a t i n g d o r s a l and v e n t r a l s u r f a c e s ;

d o r s a l s u r f a c e w i t h c o n s p i c u o u s " d i s c s " a r r a n g e d s om e wh a t i n r a d i a t i n g l i n e s ( F i g . 31 A)
A r g a s p e r s i c u s .................................................................................................................................................................FOWL TICK
M a r g i n o f b od y l a c k i n g d e f i n i t e sutural line, t h i c k an d r o u n d e d ( F i g . 3 1 B ) .........................32
.0o°co°° f;,Y" '■'- •' i

Bp’1'>oo°oü°^c0,*p'0‘'00,t0o0í'ff °0(,0>bt'o '
F i g . 31 A Fii 31 B
32. Hypos tome w i t h we 1 1 - d e v e l o p e d t e e t h ( F i g . 32 A ) ; i n t e g u m e n t n o t s p i n o s e ......................................

G e n u s O r n i t h o d o r o s ........................................................................................................................................ 33
H y p o s t o m e o f a d u l t v e s t i g i a l o r w i t h o u t e f f e c t i v e t e e t h ; i n t e g u m e n t o f nymph ( s t a g e
u s u a l l y s e e n ) s p i n o s e ( F i g . 32 B ) . U s u a l l y on c a t t l e an d h o r s e s .........................................................
O t o b i u s m e g n i n i ............................................................................................................................................ SPINOSE EAR TICK
Fig . 32 A F i g . 32 B
37 •
33. S t r o n g d o r s a l humps a b s e n t o n a l l tarsi ( F i g . 33 A ) ........................................................................................ 34
S t r o n g d o r s a l humps p r e s e n t on t a r s i o f f i r s t , se co nd and third legs ( F i g . 33 B) ............ 35
F i g . 33 B
34. Cheeks a b s e n t (Fig. 34 A ) . O r n i t h o d o r o s h e r m s i .................................. HERMS 1 RELAPSING FEVER TICK
Cheeks p r e s e n t ( F i g . 34 B ) .......................................................................................................... O r n i t h o d o r o s t a l a je
F i g . 34 A Fig. 34 K
35. E y e s p r e s e n t on s i d e s o f b o d y a b o v e s e c o n d a nd t h i r d c o x a e ( F i g . 35 A ) ; t a r s u s o f f o u r t h
l e g w i t h a p r o m i n e n t , p o i n t e d s u b t e r m i n a l s p u r ( F i g . 35 B ) ..........................................................................
O r n i t h o d o r o s c o r i a c e u s ............................................................................................................... ................PAJAROELLO TICK
Eyes a b s e n t ; tarsu s of fo u rth le g w i t h o u t such s u b t e r m i n a l s p u r (Fig. 35 C ) ........................... 15
36. Mammi Ll ae l a r g e , r e l a t i v e l y few a n d n o t c r o w d e d ; i n m i d - d o r s a l r e g i o n a b o u t 10 p e r

l i n e a r mm.; l . y p o s t o me o v e r 1 / 2 mm. long. - S o u t h e a s t e r n U n i t e d S t a t e s an d M e x i c o n o r t h
t o Kans as and F l o r i d a . O r n i t h o d o r o s t u r i c a t a .........................................................RELAPSING FEVER TICK
Ma m m i l l a e s m a l l , c r o w d e d , a nd n u m e r o u s ; i n m i d - d o r s a l r e g i o n a b o u t 18 p e r l i n e a r mm.;
h y p o s t o m e l e s s t h a n 1 / 2 mm. l o n g . P a c i f i c c o a s t a n d Roc ky M o u n t a i n s t a t e s .................................
O r n i t h o d o r o s p a r k e r i ................................................................................................. PARKER'S RELAPSING FEVER TICK
• 38
T I C K S : K E Y T O G E N E R A IN U N I T E D S T A T E S
Harry D. Pratt
I----------------- 1
Capitu¡uminferior; scutumabsent Capitulumanterior: scutumpresent
FAMILY ARGASIDAE- SOFTTICKS FAMILY IXODIDAE - HAROTICKS
Margin of body with definite Marginof body thick, rounded, Anal groove either behind Anal groove in front of anus,
sutural line. without definite sutural line. anus, indistinct, or absent.
ARCA S IXODES
I I---------
Hypostome with well devel Hypostome vestigial or with Second segment of palpi not Second segment of palpi lat
oped teeth, Integument mamil- out effective teeth. Integu laterally produced. erally produced.
lated ment tuberculated or granu-
Integument of adult granular, Integumentofadu11 andnymph Mouthparts much longer than Mouthparts as long as basis
of nymph(stage usually seen) tuberculated. Hypostome of basis capituIi. capituli.
Palpi ridged dorsally and Festoons absent. Palpi not ridged. Festoons present. Festoons eleven Festoons seven
laterally.
AHOCENTOR
BQOPHILUS RHIPICEPHALUS DERHACENTOR zlOTOCEHTOR)
p u b l i c h e a l t h s e r v i c e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1961
T I C K S A N D MITES: K E Y T O S P E C I E S C O M M O N L Y INFESTING PIGEONS
Harold Geo r g e Scott & Chester J. Stojanovich
mouthparts v e n tr a l mouthparts a n te r io r
a d u l t 6 - 9 rrun. l o n g u n d e r C .6 mm. long
A r g a s r e f Lexus Laminosloptes c y s t l c o l a
PIGEON TICK FOWL CYST MITE r J
w ith lateral spiracles without l a t e r a l sp ira c le s
w i t h M-shaped w i t h o u t M-shaped
peritreme
O rn ithonyssus bursa
TROPICAL FOWL MITE o r Syringophilus b ip ectin atu s
Dermanyssus g a 1 l i n a e o r S y r i n g o p h i l u s c o l u mb a e
CHICKEN MITE PIGEON QUILL MITES
i
iith h o rizontal setae w ithout h o riz o n ta l setae
l e g s I and I I p r o j e c t e d
Kr
Megninia g in g y l im e r r a
or Megninia c u b i t a l i s
CONTOUR-FEATHER MITES
.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

UBLic h e a l t h SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1963
• 40
TICKS: P I C T O R I A L KEY TO SOME COMMON SPECIES

Harry D. Pratt
I 1
copitulum visible from above, capitulum not visible from above,
scutum present, family Ixodidae, scutum absent, family Argasidae.
HARD TICKS SOFT TICKS
sutural line present sutural line absent
mouthparts short, about as long mouthparts much longer than basis capituli
as basis capituIi white spot on fip of scutum of female
mou^hoarts basis capitulum

\ \
Amblyomma americanum
LONE STAR TICK
scutum with white markings; basi; scutum without white markings; basis
capituli with parallel sides capituli produced laterally to form an angle
Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni Rhipicephalus sanguineus

AMERICAN DOG TICK AND WOOD TICK BROWN DOG TICK

Pu b l i c h e a l t h s e r v i c e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1961
41 •
MITE D I A G R A M WITH S T R U C T U R E S L A B E L E D
Harry D. Pratt
plate

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia
• 42
MITES: P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O S O M E C O M M O N SPECIES OF PUBLIC H E A L T H IMPORTANCE

Harold Geor g e Scott and Chester J. Stojanovich
I-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1 11r r i I r r 111r
>i 1li l ;il.-r:il - [I i r :i r 1 ' ' :iml without liltiflll -|iir;iHr- nr |»il-itr«
THOPICAL Rat MIIE SPINY HAT 1MITf ITCH MITE FOLLICLE MITE ACHEESE. MITE
OriiithonvssuH huroli Krhinulaelaps echiilninus Sarcoptes scabiei Demodex folliculorum T\ rtiphagus lintneri
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION. AND W E L F A R E
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1963
43*
. K E . 'T 1 S O M E S P E C I E S COMMONLY I N F E S T I N G H O U S E H O L D S AND S T O R E D F O O D
Harold George Scott
1. With club-like hair between bases of legs I and II ........................................... 5

Without club-like hair between bases of legs I and II........................................................................ 2
2. Claws, if present, not on stalks (Glycyphagus domesticus, formerly..............................................

Glyciphagus prunorum) ................................................................................................... SUGAR MITE
Claws on stalks .................................................................................................................................. 3
3. Internal apical hair (on joint between femur I and tibia I) less
than three times as long as external apical hair............................................................................. 4
Internal apical hair (on joint between femur I and tibia I) more
than three times as long as external apical hair (Acarus farinae,
formerly Tyroglyphus farinae).................................. / .........................................................HAM MITE
Acarus farinae
4. Tarsus with one stout dorsal and five small ventral terminal spines
(Acarus siro, formerly Tyroglyphus siro) ................................................................ GRAIN MITE
Tarsus with only three small ventral spines (Tyrophagus castellani,
formerly Tyroglyphus longior)............................ CHEESE MITE
Tyrophagus castellani
5. Tarsus IV of female ending in claws and a fleshy protuberance; leg

IV of male smoothly curved inwards (Pyemotes ventricosus, formerly
Pediculoides ventricosus) ............................................................................ STRAW ITCH MITE
Tarsus IV of female ending in two long hairs of unequal length; leg
IV of male sharply bent (Tarsonemus (loricolus)............................... FLORICOLUS GRAIN MITE
Pyemotes ventricosus

• 44
MITES: P I C T O R I A L K E Y TO ADULT FEMALES
C O M M O N L Y F O U N D O N D O M E S T I C R A T S IN S O U T H E R N UNITED STATES
Harry D. Pratt and Chester J. Stojanovich
fir-l ami semini

I-----------------------------
u lrl' -eparalcd Irorn thi-d and fourth coxar four coxae c !<)»<■ 11t>•**h«*
v , 1 '! '«k.
V /ii.jl.v '
«.£ v. ;> ' I "b. \
Æ ctir^ J '* ( 1 H‘ Î V
ifriiilhort\s>i\ ¡nicol, liernmtixssus sunt'ititi<’u s
V \)
Mvohiti Macrocft<lr
"<•>1ilo->f ti irwl jilul** nuli >«a»\ fine »ela«* prtiilo-venlïal ptale '»ilh one pair of solar iM'lHln-vrnlmi [j Ij !- viltl four |i:iiri ol' M'lac
f ni t'I •><'nI ral |i I aI r
PUBLIC HEALTH service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1963
45 i
SILVERFISH. P I C T O R I A L K E Y TO DOMESTIC SPECIES

Chester J. Stojanovich and Harold Geor g e Scott
setae in tufts setae single

color brown
Thermobia domestica
FIREBRAT
w ith o u t setal combs w ith serai combs

color silver
Lepisma saccharina
COMMON SILVERFISH
2 pairs o f styli 3 pairs o f styli

color gray color brown
Ctenolepisma urbana Ctenolepisma quadriseriata

G I A N T SILVERFISH FOUR-LINED SILVERFISH
Ctenolepisma longicauda o f s ome authors

public health SERVICE, CommunicobIe Diseose Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1962
• 46
COLLEMBOLA: PICTORIAL K E Y TO COMMON DOMESTIC SPECIES

Harold George Scott, and Chester J. Stojanovich
prothorax well developed prothorax reduced

eyes absent eyes present abd IV long abd IV short
without anal spines with anal spines anus ventral anus terminal
eyes absent eyes present
•cm
Onvchlurus Onvchlurus Isotomodes Folsomla Proisotoma
flmetarlus arma tus tenuis quadrioculata frisoni
unguiculus present unguiculus absent scales present scales absent

body marbled body not marbled
Hypogastrura Hypogastrura Hypogas trura

manubrialis armata pseudarmata
| I
dens with ventral scales dens without ventral scales antenna
Lepidocyrtus curvicollls Sira buskl Sira platani form *in»liei

I T
body not striped some body segments striped all body segments striped
Entomobrva grlseollvata Entomobrya atroclncta Entomobrva nivaljg

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communieoble Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1961
47 •
C O L L E M B O L A DI A G RA MS
Harold George Scott
SUBORDER ARTHROPLEONA
SUBORDER SYMPHYPLEONA

• 48
C O L L E M B O L A : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O WORLD S U B F A M I L I E S
Harold George Scott, Ph.D .
I
body e l o n g a t e , se gmented
sminthurida:-:

PUBLIC HEALTH s e r v i c e , CommunicabIs Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1961
49 •
C O L L E M B O L A : P IC T O R IA L KEY TO N E A R C T IC G E N E R A
Harold G eo r ge Scott, P h .D .
SUBFAMILIES PODURINAE, HYPOGASTRURINAE, AND ONYCHIURINAE
PODURINAE HYPOGASTRURINAE
I
/ _ p o s t a n te n n a l organ eyes p r e s e n t eyes absent
P od u r a a q u a t i c a L i n n a e u s
only spec ies in subfamily
ONYCHIURINAE
postantennaL postantennal
t u b e r c l e s 4 -L2 tubercles I
unguiculus well unguiculus reduced
d e v e l o p ed or absent
VJi H e rn i a Stachiomella
I
Onychiurus postantennal postantennal
organ p re s e n t organ absent
I---
body s l e n d e r body s t o u t
postantennal postantennal
t u b e r c l e s 4 -E tubercles 1
eyes 2 and 2 eyes 8 and 8 anal spines present anal spines absent
fu rc u la absent furcula present
Mesachorutes Hypogas t r u r a

PUBLIC HEALTH s e r v i c e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1961
• 76
2. P a i r e d v e n t r a l p l a t e s o f ab do m in al segm ent 2 c o m p l e t e l y d e t a c h e d from i t s c o r r e s p o n d i n g

p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e ; each v e n tr a l p l a t e b e a rin g a s i n g le s e t a (Fig. 2 A ). On S c i u r u s . . . . 3
P a ir e d v e n t r a l p l a t e s o f abdominal segment 2 each e x te n d in g l a t e r a l l y to u n i t e w ith i t s

c o r r e s p o n d i n g p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e ; v e n t r a l p l a t e s w i t h o u t s e t a e ( F i g . 2 B ) .......................................5
3. Sperm atheca p r e s e n t; arms o f b a s a l p l a t e apically bilobed (Fig. 3 A 5c B ) ....................................4
S p e r m a t h e c a a b s e n t ; a r m s o f b a s a l p l a t e n o t a p i c a l l y b i l o b e d ( F i g . 3 C ) ........................................
.................................................................................................................................................... E n d e r l e i n e l l u s k e l l o g g i F e r r i s
7 7 »
S pe r y y i j t a e c a a o t r a i g h t s l i g h t l y t a p e r i n g t u b e ; a r m s o f b a s a l p l a t e a p i c a l l y b i l o b e d b u t
n o t e x p a n d e d ( F i g , 4 A 6: B ) ..........................................E n d e r l e i n e l l u s l o n g i c e p s ( K e l l o g g & F e r r i s )
S yenr- it ecn b e a t and w i t h i t s e n d s e x p a n d e d ; arms o f b a s a l p l a t e a p i c a l l y e x p a n d e d and

s t r o n g l y b t t o b e d ( F i g . 4 C ) ................................................................. E n d e r l e i n e l l u s a r i z o n e n s i s W e r n e c k
5. P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 5 and l a t e r a l m a r g i n o f a b d o m i n a l segment 6 w ithout a p a i r o f long

s e t a e ( F i g . 5 A ) ............................................ 6
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s o r l a t e r a l margins o f abdominal segments 4-8 w ith a p a i r o f long

s e ta e (Fig. 5 B). On M a r m o t a ........................................................................E n d e r l e i n e 1 l u s m a r m o t a e F e r r i s
6. Female w i t h 2 -4 long s e t a e on dorsum o f a b d o m in a l segm ent 4 r e a c h i n g t o a p e x o f body

( F i g . 5 A) . On C i t e l l u s a n d C y n o m y s ........................ E n d e r l e i n e l l u s o s b o r n i (K ellogg & F e rr is )
Female w ith o u t such s e t a e . On C i t e l l u s ......................................E n d e r l e i n e l l u s suturalis (O sborn)

• 78
K c v to S p e c ie s o f F a h r e n h o lz ia
1. P aratergal p lates p r e s e n t o n l y on a b d o m i n a l s e g m e n t s 2 to 4 (F ig . 1 A ) ............................................2
P aratergal plates p r e s e n t on a t least abdominal segments 2-6 (Fig. 1 E ) ......................................... 6
II IV
2. D orsal su rfa c e o f a b d o me n w i t h an a rr o w , s c l e r o t i z e d , m e d ia n , l o n g i t u d i n a l p l a t e b e tw e e n
p aratergal plates 2 ( F i g . 2 A) . On L i o m y s ..........................................................................................................................3
D orsal su rfac e o f a b do me n w i t h o u t s u c h a p l a t e ( F i g . 2 B ) .On P e r o g n a t h u s andDipodomys

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
.
median longitudinal
p late
paratergal plate I I --------
3. Thoracic ste rn a l p l a t e c o n ca v e on a n t e r i o r m a r g in ; d o r s a l lo b e o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 3
pointed ap ica lly ( F i g . 3 A St B ) ............................................. F a h r e n h o l z i a t e x a n a S t o j a n o v i c h & P r a t t
Thoracic s t e r n a l p l a t e co n v e x on a n t e r i o r m a r g i n ; d o r s a l l o b e o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 3
apically t r u n c a t e ( F i g . 3 C & D ) .................................................................................................................................................
79»
4 . D o rsal lobe o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 2 w ith th e s m a lle r s e t a about as long as the p l a t e (F ig .

4 A ) ............................................................................................................................................. F a h r e n h o l z i a e h r l i c h i J o h n s o n
D o r s a l l o b e o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 2 w i t h t h e s m a l l e r s e t a m i n u t e , mu c h s h o r t e r t h a n t h e
p l a t e ( F i g . 4 B ) ...................................................................................................... F a h r e n h o L z i a m i c r o c e p h a l a F e r r i s
Fig. 4 B
5. P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s o f a b d o m in a l segm ent 2 w i t h a s i n g l e p a i r o f s e t a e b e tw e e n d o r s a l and

v e n t r a l lo b e s ; male g e n i t a l i a w ith param eres g r e a t l y expanded; female g e n i t a l p l a t e p r e
s e n t ( F i g . 5 A, B, & C ) ....................................................................... F a h r e n h o l z i a p l n n a t a K e l l o g g & F e r r i s
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s o f abdominal segment 2 w ith 6 to 8 long s e t a e between d o r s a l and v e n

t r a l lo b e s ; param eres o f male g e n i t a l i a n o t expanded; female g e n i t a l p l a t e a b s e n t (F ig .
5 D & E ) .......................................................................................................................................F a h r e n h o l z i a r e d u c t a F e r r i s
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s p r e s e n t on abdom inal segments 2 to 7 ; p a ra te rg a l p la te 3 not bilobed

( F i g . 6 B ) ............................ Fahre n h o l z i a t r i b u l o s a F e r r i s
VI
t
VII
I
I
I
• 80
K e y to S p e c ie s o f H o p l o p l e u r a
T h ird abdominal s t e r n a l plate, w ith two g r o u p s o f t wo s t o u t setae (Fig. 1 A ) ...............................2
T h i r d a b d o m i n a l s t e r n a l p l a t e w i t h two g r o u p s o f t h r e e s t o u t s e t a e ( F i g . 1 B ) ...........................
On G l a u c o m y s .............................................................................................. Hop l o p l e u r a t r i s p i n o s a . K e l l o g g & F e r r i s
Fig. 1 A
2. P o s t e r i o r m a r g in s o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 3-5 w i t h a b r o a d o r p o i n t e d lo b e on e a c h s i d e
( F i g . 2 A & B ) .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
P o s t e r i o r m a r g i n s o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 3 - 5 w i t h f o u r r o u n d e d l o b e s ( F i g . 2 C ) ...........................
On O r y z o m y s ............................................................................................................ H o p l o p l e u r a o r y z o m y d i s P r a t t & L a n e
3. Paratergal plates 4 and 5 w i t h b r o a d lo b es on p o s t e r i o r m a rg in (Fig. 3 A ) ....................................4
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 4 and 5 w i t h p o i n t e d lo b e s on p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n (Fig. 3 B ) ...............................7
I Fig. 3 A Fig. 3 B
4. F a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 4 and 5 w i t h one l a r g e and one m i n u t e s e t a on p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n ( F i g . 4

A ) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 4 a n d 5 w i t h two l a r g e s e t a e o n p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n ( F i g . 4 B ) ...........................
On f i e l d r o d e n t s ...............................................................................................H o p l o p l e u r a a c a n t h o p u s ( B u r m e i s t e r )
Fig. 4 A
81 •
5. Abdomen w i t h s e t a e i n some o f t h e m e m b r a n e b e t w e e n s t e r n a l a n d p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s ( F i g . 5
A) . On R a t t u s .......................................................................................................................H o p l o p l e u r a o e n o m y d i s F e r r i s
Abdomen w i t h o u t s e t a e i n m e m b r a n e b e t w e e n e n d s o f s t e r n a l a n d p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e a (Fig. 5
B) .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6. T h o r a c i c s t e r n a l p l a t e p o i n t e d p o s t e r i o r l y ( F i g . 6 A ) . On P e r o m y s c u s ................................................
.......................................... ^ H o p l o p l e u r a h e s p e r o m y d i s ( O s b o r n ) a n d * H o p l o p l e u r a f e r r i s i Co o k & B e e r
T h o r a c i c s t e r n a l p l a t e b l u n t p o s t e r i o r l y ( F i g . 6 B ) . On O n y c h o m y s .......................................................
........................................................................................................................................H o p l o p l e u r a o n y c h o m y d i s Co o k & B e e r
Fig. 6 A Fig. 6
7. Thoracic s te r n a l p la te a b o u t a s l o n g a s b r o a d ; f i r s t s t e r n a l p l a t e on a b d o m i n a l s e g m e n t
3 w i t h two s t o u t s e t a e u s u a l l y s e t c l o s e t o g e t h e r o n e a c h s i d e ( F i g . 7 A ) ....................................6
T h o r a c i c s t e r n a l p l a t e d e f i n i t e l y l o n g e r th a n b r o a d ; f i r s t s t e r n a l p l a t e on ab d o m in a l
s e g m e n t 3 w i t h two s t o u t s e t a e m o r e w i d e l y s p a c e d o n e a c h s i d e ( F i g . 7 B ) ....................................9
Fig. 7 A
*These species are s e p a r a t e d o n l y in. t h e immature s t a g e s ,

• 82
I. P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 6 w i t h p o s t e r i o r a n g l e s p r o d u c e d i n t o p o i n t s ( F i g . 8 À ) . On E u t a m i a s
........................................................................................... Hop l o p l e u r a a r b o r i c o La K e l l o g g & F e r r i s
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 6 w i t h o u t p o i n t s o n p o s t e r i o r a n g l e s ( F i g . 8 B) . On T a m i a s .............................
......................................................................................................................................................... Hop l o p l e u r a e r r a t i c a ( O s b o r n )
Fig. 8
9 . P o s t e r i o r m a r g in o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 6 w i t h a n g l e s p r o d u c e d to form a deep e m a r g i n a t i o n
( F i g . 9 A) . On Sc i u r u s .............................................................................................Hop l o p l e u r a s c i u r i c o l a F e r r i s
P o s t e r i o r m a r g i n o f p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e 6 w i t h a n g l e s n o t p r o d u c e d t o form a d e e p e m a r g i n a
t i o n ( F i g . 9 B) . On S i g m o d o n .....................................................................................................................................................10
Fig. 9 A Fig. 9
10. F e m a l e w i t h p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 4 - 6 e l o n g a t e d ; m a l e w i t h 11 t e r g a l p l a t e s b e a r i n g a r o w o f
s e t a e ( F i g . 10 A & B ) .............................................................H o p l o p l e u r a a r i z o n e n s i s S t o j a n o v i c h & P r a t t
Female w ith p a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 4 -6 o n ly s l i g h t l y e l o n g a t e d ; m ale w ith o n ly 7 t e r g a l

p l a t e s b e a r i n g a r o w o f s e t a e ( F i g . 10 C & D ) ........................................... H o p l o p l e u r a h i r s u t a F e r r i s
Fig. 10 A
K e y to Species of Haemodipsus
T h o r a c i c s t e r n a l p l a t e a lm o s t t h r e e tim es as wide as lo n g (F ig . 1 A ) . On d o m e s t i c
r a b b i t s ( O r y c t o l a g u s ) ......................................................................... _ ................ H a e m o d i p s u s v e n t r i c o s u s ( D e n n y )
T h o r a c i c s t e r n a l p l a t e h e x o g o n a l , b e i n g a lm o s t as lo n g as wide ( F i g . I B ) . On w i l d
r a b b i t s a n d h a r e s ( S y l v i l a g u s a n d L e p u s ) ............................................................H a e m o d i p s u s s e t o n i E wi ng
K e y to S p e c ie s o f N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s
Thoracic sternal plate c o n c a v e on p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n ( F i g . 1 A) ........................................................ 2
Thoracic stern al plate somewhat o v a l , and convex on p o s t e r i o r m a r g in ( F i g . 1 B ) ..................11
P aratergal p lates 3 to 6 w ith three s p i n e s on p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n s (Fig. 2 A ) .................................3
Paratergal plates 3 to 6 w ith two s p i n e s o n p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n s (Fig. 2 B ) ......................................5
P o s t e r i o r a n g l e o f f i r s t a n t e n n a l s e g m e n t w i t h a s t o u t s p i n e ( F i g . 3 A ) . On E u t a m i a s ■ . .
................................................................................................................. N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s p a c i f i c u s ( K e l l o g g &. F e r r i s )
P o s t e r io r angle of first a n te n n a l segment w ith o u t a s t o u t spine (Fig. 3 B) .................................4

• 84
4. A b d o m i n a l t e r g a l a n d s t e r n a l p l a t e s p r e s e n t on e a c h s e g m e n t i n b o t h s e x e s ( F i g . 4 A ) . . . .
On C i t e l l u s t e r e t i c a u d u s ............................................................................... N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s c i t e l l i n u s F e r r i s
A b d o m in al t e r g a l and s t e r n a l p l a t e s a b s e n t i n th e m i d d le se gm ents o f f e m a l e ; m a le w i t h
o n l y s t e r n a l p l a t e s a b s e n t ( F i g . 4 B) . On C i t e l l u s ~s p i l o s o m a .......................... ..........................................
.............................................................................................. N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s s p i l o s o m a e S t o j a n o v i c h & P r a t t
5. F irst antennal segment p ro lo n g e d p o s t e r i o - a p i c a l l y , w ith s t o u t spine (Fig. 5 A ) .................... 6
F irst antennal segment w ith o u t such a p r o l o n g a ti o n (Fig. 5 B ) ................................................................... 8
6. F e m a le w i t h o u t s t e r n a l and t e r g a l p l a t e s on a b d o m in a l segm en ts e x c e p t f o r t h e n o rm a l
t e r m i n a l a n d g e n i t a l s e g m e n t s ( F i g . 6 A ) . On S c i u r u s g r i s e i c o l u s ..........................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s g r i s e i c o l u s F e r r i s
Female w ith s t e r n a l and t e r g a l p l a t e s on a l l abdominal segments (Fig. 6 B) 7

85 •
7. S e c o n d a n t e n n a l s e gme nt , w i t h s h o r t s p i n e - l i k e s e t a o n p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n ( F i g . 7 A ) ................
On T a m i a s h u d s o n i c u s ................................................................................. N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s s e m i f a s c i a t u s F e r r i s
S e c o n d a n t e n n a l s e g m e n t w i t h o u t s p i n e - l i k e s e t a ( F i g . 7 B ) . On S c i u r u s n i g e r ..........................
........................................................................................................................... N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s s c i u r i n u s M j U b e r g
A b d o m i n a l s t e r n a l and t e r g a l p l a t e s a b s e n t i n f e m a l e ; m a l e w i t h o n l y s t e r n a l p l a t e s a b
s e n t ( F i g . 8 A) . On N e o t o m a c i n e r e a ..................................................N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s i n o r n a t u s F e r r i s
Abdominal s t e r n a l and t e r g a l p l a t e s present in both sexes (Fig. 9 A ) .................................................9
Fig. 8 A
9. A row o f s e t a e p r e s e n t on membrane b e t w e e n m o s t o f t h e s t e r n a l a nd t e r g a l p l a t e s o f a b
d omen ( F i g . 9 A ) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Membrane b e t w e e n t h e a b d o m i n a l s t e r n a l a nd t e r g a l p l a t e s w i t h o u t a row o f s e t a e ( F i g . 9
B). On G l a u c o m y s ........................................................................................ N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s s c i u r o p t e r i ( O s b o r n )
Fig. 9 A Fig. 9 B
• 86
10. F i r s t a n t e n n a l s e g m e n t w i t h a s p i n e - l i k e s e t a a t t h e p o s t e r i o - a p i c a l a n g l e ( F i g . 10 A)
On S c i u r u s c a r o l i n e n s i s ....................................................................................... N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s s c i u r i J a n c k e
F i r s t a n t e n n a l s e g m e n t w i t h a s p i n e - l i k e s e t a s e t s o m e w h a t a wa y f r o m t h e m a r g i n i n t h e
p o s t e r i o - a p i c a l a n g l e ( F i g . 10 B) . On N e o t o m a a l b i g u l a , s t r e a t o r i a n d m i c r o p u s ................
.............................................................................................................................................. N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s n e o t o m a e F e r r i s
11. Thoracic s p i r a c le sm all, about o n e -fo u rth l e n g t h o f s e c o n d c o x a ( F i g . 11 A ) ...........................

On C i t e l l u s a n d C y n o m y s ............................................. ...................N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s l a e v l u s c u l u s ( G r u b e )
Thoracic s p i r a c le la r g e r , alm ost o n e -h a lf l e n g t h o f s e c o n d c o x a ( F i g . 11 B ) ...........................

On M a r m o t a .............................................................................. ................................ N e o h a e m a t o p i n u s m a r m o t a e F e r r i s
87 •
K e y to Species of Polyplax
Sternal p la te of th o rax rounded or p o in te d p o s t e r i o r l y (Fig. 1 A ) ...........................................................2
Sternal p la te of thorax tru n cate p o s te rio r ly (Fig. I B ) . On P e r o m y s c u s a n d O n y c h o m y s . . ■

............................................................................................................................................................ P o l y p l a x a u r i c u l a r i s F e r r i s
Fig. 1 A Fig. 1
2. Paratergal plate 4 w ith both setae sh o rt or subequal (Fig. 2 A)
P aratergal plate 4 w ith d o r s a l s e t a lo n g e r th an v e n t r a l s e t a ; u s u a l l y as long o r lo n g er

than p l a t e (F ig . 2 B) . On h o u s e m o u s e ..................................................... P o l y p l a x s e r r a t a ( B u r m e i s t e r )
3. P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 3 - 5 w i t h b o t h a p i c a l a n g l e s p r o d u c e d i n t o p o i n t s ( F i g . 3 A ) ...........................
On m i c r o t e n e m i c e ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
P a r a t e r g a l p l a t e s 3 - 5 w i t h o n l y d o r s a l a p i c a l a n g l e p r o d u c e d i n t o a p o i n t ( F i g . 3 B) . . . .
On R a t t u s ........................................................................................................................... P o l y p l a x s p i n u l o s a ( B u r m e i s t e r )
4 . F i r s t a b d o m in a l s t e r n a l p l a t e s t r o n g l y a r c u a t e and w i t h i t s l a t e r a l a n g l e s somewhat p r o
l o n g e d ( F i g . 4 A ) .........................................................................................................................P o l y p l a x b o r e a l i s F e r r i s
F i r s t a b d o m i n a l s t e r n a l p l a t e n o t a r c u a t e , i t s p o s t e r i o r m a r g i n a l m o s t s t r a i g h t and
l a t e r a l a n g l e s n o t p r o d u c e d ( F i g . 4 B ) ................................................................P o l y p l a x a l a s k e n s i s E w i n g
• 88
K e y to Genera of Linognathidae
1. Sternal p late of thorax at l e a s t h a l f as wide as long (Fig. 1 A ) .............................. S o l e n o p o t e s
Sternal plate of thorax s m a ll and s l e n d e r o r c o m p l e t e l y lacking (Fig. 1 B ) . .L inognathus
Fig. 1 A
K e y t o S p e c ie s o f L i n o g n a t h u s
1. Head a b o u t a s b r o a d a s long; antennae alm ost as long as head (Fig. 1 A ) ......................................2
Head a lm o s t tw ic e as lo n g as w ide o r l o n g e r ; a n t e n n a e n o t i c e a b l y s h o r t e r t h a n h ead ( F i g .

I B ) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
2. T h o ra c ic dorsum w ith fo u r l o n g s e t a e ; h e a d s l i g h t l y l o n g e r t h a n b r o a d ( F i g . 2 A ) . On
dogs, foxes and f e r r e t s . Dog s u c k i n g l o u s e ............................. L i n o g n a t h u s s e t o s u s ( v o n O l f e r s )
T h o r a c i c d o r s u m w i t h two l o n g s e t a e ; h e a d d e f i n i t e l y a s b r o a d a s l o n g ( F i g . 2 B ) ................
S h e e p f o o t l o u s e ............................................................................................................... L i n o g n a t h u s p e d a l i s ( O s b o r n )
'Cj CCD
Fig. 2 A Fig. 2 B
89»
3 , F o r e h e a d a c u t e l y c o n i c a l a n d much e l o n g a t e d ; f e m a l e g o n o p o d w i t h a s c l e r o t i z e d h o o k
( F i g . 3 A & B ) . On c a t t l e . L o n g - n o s e d c a t t l e l o u s e .............. L i n o g n a t h u s v i t u l i ( L i n n a e u s )
F o r e h e a d r o u n d e d ( F i g . 3 C) ; f e m a l e g o n o p o d r o u n d e d o r w i t h a s l i g h t tooth (Fig. 5 B &

C) . On s h e e p a n d g o a t s ............................................................................................................. 4
4. Head g r e a t l y e x p a n d e d b e h i n d a n t e n n a e ; f e m a l e go no po d r o u n d e d ( F i g . 4 A & B ) . Go at
s u c k i n g l o u s e ..........................................................................................L i n o g n a t h u s a f r i c a n u s ( K e l l o g g & P a i n e )
Head n o t g r e a t l y e x p a n d e d b e h i n d a n t e n n a e (Fig. 4 C)
Fig. 4 A Fig. 4 B Fig. 4 C

5. Thoracic sp ira c le large and c o n s p ic u o u s ; fem ale gonopod rou nd ed (,?ig. 5 A & B ) . Sheep
l o u s e ......................................... L i n o g n a t h u s o v i l l u s ( Ne u ma n n )
Thoracic s p ira c le not l a r g e and c o n s p i c u o u s ; f e m a l e go nopod w i t h j s l i g h t t o o t h ( F i g . 5

C & D) . Goat s u c k i n g l o u s e .................................................................. L i n o g n a t h u s s t e n o p s i s ( B u r m e i s t e r )

• 90
K e y to Species of Solenopotes
1 . Abdominal s p i r a c l e s s t r o n g l y p r o t u b e r a n t ( F i g . 1 A); fem ale g e n i t a l i a w i t h a p i c a l p r o

c e s s e s s t r o n g l y c o n s t r i c t e d n e a r m i d d l e ( F i g . 1 B ) ; - m a l e g e n i t a l i a a s i n f i g u r e 2 E. On
cattle. L i t t l e b l u e c a t t l e l o u s e ........................................................... S o l e n o p o t e s c a p i l 1 a t u s E n d e r l e i n
Abdominal s p i r a c l e s o n l y s l i g h t l y p r o t u b e r a n t ( F i g . 1 C ) ; fe m a le g e n i t a l i a w i t h a p i c a l
p r o c e s s e s n o t c o n s t r i c t e d ( F i g . 1 D & E ) ; m a l e g e n i t a l i a a s i n f i g u r e s 2 C 6c D. On
d e e r .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
Fig. 1 B (c a p i l l a t u s ) Fig. 1 D (b in i p il o s u s ) Fig. 1 E (fe rris i)
2 , Neck p r e s e n t , h ead w i t h d i s t i n c t p o s t e r i o r - l a t e r a l a n g l e s ( F i g . 2 A); fe m a le g e n i t a l i a

a s i n f i g u r e 1 E; m a l e g e n i t a l i a a s i n f i g u r e 2 C ................. S o l e n o p o t e s f e r r i s i ( F a h r e n h o l z )
Head w i t h o u t d i s t i n c t p o s t e r i o r - l a t e r a l a n g l e s ( F i g . 2 B ) ; f e m a l e g e n i t a l i a as i n f i g u r e
1 D ; m a l e g e n i t a l i a a s i n f i g u r e 2 D ...................................... S o l e n o p o t e s b i n i p i l o s u s (Fahrenholz)
Fig. 2 D
Fig. 2 B (ferrisi) (b in ip ilo s u s ) (c a p i l l a t u s )
91 •
K e y to Genera of Pediculidae
1. Abdomen much l o n g e r t h a n b a s a l w i d t h ; w ithout h a iry t u b e r c l e s ( F i g . 1 A). He ad a n d

b o d y l o u s e ....................... P e d i c u l u s humanus L i n n a e u s
Abdomen a b o u t a s l o n g a s b a s a l w i d t h ; with h a iry tubercles ( F i g . 1 B) . Crab louse....

................................................. P thirus pubis (Linnaeus)
Fig. 1 A Fig. 1 B
• 92
MALLOPHAGA: PICTORIAL KEY TO SPECIES INFESTING PIGEONS

m axillary palps present m a x illa ry palps absent
forehead with spines forehead w ithout spines

f e m u r I I I w i t h comb f e m u r I I I w i t h o u t comb
H o h o r s t i e 1la l a t a O o l p o c e p h a l u m t u r b i n a t um Bonomie1 l a columbae

LARGE PIGEON BODY LOUSE SMALL PIGEON BODY LOUSE PIGEON VENT LOUSE
head longer th a n wide head w ider than long

forehead with spines forehead w ith o u t spinec
C o iu m b ic o la c olumbae P h y s c o n e 1l o l d e s z e n a i d u r a e
SLENDER PIGEON LOUSE PIGEON HEAD LOUSE
male b a s a l a n te n n a ! segm ent sm all male b a s a l a n t e n n a l segm en t large
Campanu 1 o t e s b i d e n t a t us c.omp a r C o l o c e r a s d a m i c o r n e f a h c e n h o 1z l
SMALL PIGEON FEATHER LOUSE LARGE PIGEON FEATHER LCUSE
U .S . D E-’A R T M E N T OF HE ALTH, EDUCATION, AN D W E L F A R E
PJELi C H E A L T H SERVICE. Communicable Disease Canter, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — Î96"
93*
MALLOPHAGA: PICTORIAL K E Y TO SOME C O M M O N SPECIES O N C H I C K E N S

1
antenna 5 segmented antenna 4 segmented
I
I I
he.ul longer than wide head not longer than wide abdomen densely covered with setae Abdomen not densely covered with setae
? vr*
.4-1 ■Y :v ! W ' -t*
v. U..4SiJ / ll '"L n i — 'l-
V
V Í Il /T"!
- I ' :i ’ ■ I i '
-.U.- t
s" : rf. / ' i j j \
VT ff f* A .. 1.,-/
:'Îi:
./w-y, Q
v\ f ^ b I
/fif I r ' ferminciln ■
/'.' y7 Vs 'A
'+ /í¡ /v '' r v /;/
M enacnnthus slramineus , Menopon! gallinai*
abdomen slendcr abdomen oval temples not t'venlv rounded temples cvenlv roundc
!m ~ X
ÍW J ■ „
'7^ xY^ III . k !\ ->\x íÍT ./

^01 7^'
Lipeurus caponi;s ( uclutogaster h e te rographus Go n i ocot es h o Iog as t e r

I--------------------
abdomen with sclerotized markings abdomen without sclerotized markings
-V : 't'r.
Goniodes g ig as Goriiodes dissim ilis

U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF HE ALTH, EDUCATION, A N D W E L F A R E
p u b l i c h e a l t h SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgic - 1962
• 94
BUGS: P I C T O R I A L K E Y TO SOME SPECIES T H A T M A Y BITE M A N

Harry D. Pratt a n d Chester J. Stojanovich
I------------------------- !
wings usually well-developed; body elongate-oval wings reduced; body broadly-oval
ASSASSIN AND KISSING BUGS-FAMILY REDL'VIIDAE

i---------------- 1---------- 1
thorax with cog-wheel crest thorax without crest middle coxae nearly touching middle coxae widely separated
beak reaching 2nd coxa beak not reaching 2nd coxa
segments equal shorter than jrd
BARN SWALLOW BUG

ot'c hic us puarms
\r' >
CORSAIR fringe hairs on pronoturn longer fringe hairs on pronoturn
than, or equal to. width of eve shorter than width of eve
Rii ^tihus h¡ijut hitas
I
antenna inserted midway between eve antenna inserted near eye;
arid tip of head; beak slender, straight beak stout, curved
BAT BUGS
Cinifx aiijunctus e. n. am.
Cimex pilosellus w. n. am.
KISSING BUG pronoturn wtth anterior margin pronotu.rr. with anterior margin
Triiitomti bpp moderately excavated ceeply excavated
pronoturn constricted behind middle pronoturn constricted before middle
BED BUG
BLACK BUG MASKED HUNTER Cim;x lectulanus
Melanolestes piapes Reduvittf personatus TEMPERATE AREAS
U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF H E A L T H , EDUCATION, A N D W E L F A R E
Fig. 139 KISSING BUGS: P I C T O R I A L K E Y TO SOME CO MM ON S P E C I E S IN T H E UNITED STATES
H a r o l d G e o r g e Scott a n d M a r g e r y R. B o r o m
I------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
about 1-1/4 in ch l o n g ; c o n n c x iv u m pale ab o ut 1-1/8 inch lu n g ; c o n n c x iv u m ye llo w banded less than 1 in c h lo n g
T ria to m a ^ erstacckeri
f ir s t f e m u r w i t h ^ sparse h a ir ~
fir st f e m u r w i t h t h ic k h a ir fir st anten n a l segment lo n g -* ^ fir s t anten n a l segm ent s h o rt
95»
U. S. D E P A R T M E N T OF H E A L T H , E D U C A T I O N , A N D W E L F A R E , P U B L I C h e a l t h s e r v c e . C o m m u n i c a b l e D i s e a s e Ce n t e r , T r a i n i n g Br a n c h , A t l a n t a , Ge o r g i a — 1961
• 96
STINGING CA TE RP IL LA RS .
PICTORIAL KEY TO SOME IMPORTANT UNITED STATES SPECIES
Ha r o l d G e o r g e Scott & C h e s t e r J. S t o j an ov ic h
r 1
WITH DORSAL SADDLE WITHOUT DORSAL SADDLE
BODY FUR-LIKE BODv NOT FUR-LIKE
I¡1i']^ ' ^
SADDLEBACK CATERPILLAR PUSS CATERPILLAR

Sibine srimulae Megalopyge opercularis
i--------
5 PROLEGS 7 PROLEGS
ABOUT 3/4-INCH LONG , ABOUT 2 INCHES LONG
YELLOWISH GREEN RED AND WHITE
A SLUG CATERPILLAR iO MOTH CATERPILLAR A FLANNEL MOTH CATERPILLAR

Euclea c hloris Aufomeris io Ncrape cretata
PUBLIC h e a l t h SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 196 2
97«
MOTHS: K E Y TO SOME SPECIES C O M M O N L Y ASSOCIATED WITH STORED FOOD

Harold Geor g e Scott
1. Caterpillars........................................................................................................... 2
Adult moths.......................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Pinkish larvae up to 3/5-inch long living in silken tubes and pro

ducing matter webbing in the infested food (Anagasta kuhniella)..............................................
................................................................................................... MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH
Whitish larvae with or without black or orange markings................................................................... 3
3. Black head and prothorax; orange markings at both ends of the body;
living in silken tubes (Pyralis farinalis)......................................................................... MEAL MOTH
Without black head and prothorax ....................................................................... 4
4. White to greenish-white larvae producing matter webbing in the infested
food (Plodia interpunctella)............................................................................... INDIAN MEAL MOTH
Whitish; not producing matted webbing; living inside kernels of grain
(Sitotroga cerealella) . . ...........................................................................ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH
5. Wings unicolorous to slightly spotted; long fringe at rear of wings

(Sitotroga cerealella) ............................................................................. ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH
Wings heavily dark marked................................................................................................................... 6
6. Distal half.of front wings dark; basal half light (Plodia inter
punctella) ........................................................................................................... INDIAN MEAL MOTH
Wings not so marked............................................................................................................................. 7
7. Basal and distal thirds of front wings dark; middle portion of front
wings light (Pyralis farinalis) .................................................................................... MEAL MOTH
Front wings pale gray with transverse wavy black markings
(Anagasta kuhniella) ................................................................ MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH
*
si
Angoumois Grain Moth

Communicable Disease Center, Training Braich,
Atlanta, Georgia - 1963
BLISTER BEETLES: KEY TO SOME C O M M O N UNITED STATE S SPECIES C
0D
3
Harold G e o r g e Scott and Chester J. Stojanovich
!
striped margined spotted e s sentially unicolorous
{ ?
Epicauta vittata Epicauta pestifera Epicauta cinerea m a c u l a t a

STRIPED BLISTER B E E T L E M A R G I N E D BLISTER B E E T L E S P O T T E D BLISTER B E E T L E
r
black black with gray pubescense
I
m etallic blue with red-
y e l l o w leg bases
Epicauta pennsylvanica Epicauta cinerea cinerea P o m p h o p o e a sayi
B L A C K BLISTER B E E T L E C L E M A T I S BLISTER B E E T L E A S H - G R A Y BLISTER B E E T L E SAY BLISTER B E E T L E
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF H EA LTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

public health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1963
BEETLES: PICTORIAL K E Y T O SOME SPECIES C O M M O N L Y ASSOC I A T E D WITH S T O R E D FOODS
Harry D. Pratt
PRONOTUMW ITH6 TEETHONEACHSIDE PRONOTUMW

ITHOUTTEETHONEACHSIDE PRONOTUMW ITHOUTTEETHONEACHSiDE
BEAK ABSENT;SPECIES ABOUT1/8 INCHLONG BEAKABSENT BEAKPRESENT, SPECIES ABOUT 1/8 INCHLONG
SAW -TO O THED G R A IN B EETLE

OryzaephHus sunn a m e n s is
SMALLBROWNISHSPECIES LARGERBLACKISHSPECIES EACHFOREW

INGWITH2 PALESPOTS EACHFOREW INGDARK
LESSTHAN 1/4 INCHLONG 1/4 TO3/4 INCHLONG PRONOTUMW
ITHROUNDPUNCTURES PRONOTUMW ITHELONGATEPUNCTURES
HEADVISIBLEFROMABOVE HEADHIOOENUNDERPRONOTUM
1/8 INCHLONbOft M
ORE LESSTHAN 1/8 INCHLONG
So
y ^
R IC E W E E V IL G RA NA RY W E E V IL
S ito p h itu s oryzo Sitophi/us granarius
CO NFUSED AND RED FLOUR BEE TLES

Triboiium confusum AND costaneum
FLATTENEDBEETLES CONVEXBEETLES
1/4 TO 1/2 INCHLONG 1/2 INCHLONGORM ORE
PRONOTUMSEPARATEDBYSTRONG PRONOTUMNOTSOSTRONGLY
CONSTRICTIONFROMRASESOFW INGS SEPARATEDFROMBASESOFW INGS
FORE WING WITH ROUGHENED SURFACE FOREW
INGW
ITHLINES FOREW
JNGSM
OOTH sW A „ s
CA D E LLE YELLOW M E A L W ORM

Tenebroides m ourita n icu s Tenebrio m o/ito r
LES S ER G R A IN BO R ER DRUG STORE B EE TLE C IG A R E TT E B EE TLE

R hyropertha dom in ico St&gobium paniceom Lostoderm o serncorne
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF H E A L T H , EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, public health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia— 1958
• 100
STINGING HYMENOPTERA:
PICTORIAL KEY TO SOME C O M M O N UNITED S T A T E S FAMILIES
H a r o l d G e o r g e Scott a n d C h e s t e r J. St oj a n o v i c h
I-------
wings absent wings present
body fur-like body nor fur-like hairs not feathered hairs feathered
without node with node (use 20 Xmagnification) |use 20 Xmagnification)
M u 1 111 i d a e F o í m ic i da e
VE L V E T ANTS ANTS
pronotum short, not reaching tegula
j aJ
V e sp id a e Sphecidae
WASPS. Y E L L O W J A C K E T S , H O R N E T S SPHECID WASPS
I---------
hmd tibia with spurs hind tibia without spurs
eye not reaching mandible eye reaching mandible
Apidae
H O N E Y BEES

PUBLIC H E A L T H SERVICE. Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1962
101 •
d i a g r a m o f s o c i a l w a s p
ap p a r e n t
abdominal
--------------- segment;.-
DIAGRAM O F FIRE A N T
m e t a n o t u m
antenna
- apparent
abdominal
segments

p u b l i c h e a l t h s e r v i c e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — '963- C h e s t e r J . Stoj&fiovich
• i 02
IIYMENOPTKRA: K EY T O SO ME C O M M O N SPECIES WHICH STING M A N

Harr y I). Pratt a n d C h e s t e r J. Stojanovich
1. With wings (Fig. 1 A ) ................................................................................ 2
Without wings (Fig. I B ) ............................................................................ 32
Fig. 1 A
2. F irst (and s o m e t i m e s second) segment of the a b d o m e n node-like, clearly separated above and b e
low f r o m rest of a b d o m e n (Fig. 2 A). Nest in ground, wood, or buildings (Family Formicidae).. . .
.............................. '................. '.................... A N T
A b d o m e n with or without s o m e constriction of first abdominal segments, but without true node
formation of basal abdominal segments (Fig. 2 B)............................................. .
Fig. 2 B
Fig. 2 A
All hairs on body simple, unbranched; hind tarsus slender, first segment not broadened or thicken
ed (Fig. 3 A). (Superfamil.es Vespoidea and Sphecoidea). W a s p s and Hor n e t s ................... 4
At least s o m e hairs on thorax branched or plumose; hind tarsus with first segment broadened and
th.ckened, often densely ha.ry (Fig. 3 B). (Superfamily Apoidea). Bees ......................... 27
Fig. 3 B
U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF HE AL TH , EDUCATION, A N D W E L F A R E
p u b l i c h e a l t h s e r v i c e . Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1963
103«
FT'.mouim extending entirely or almost back, to the tegula (the scale covering base of fore-wing),
its hind angles not lobed (Fig. 4 A). (Superfamily Vespoidea)..................................... 5
P ronotum shortened, mo:'C or less collar-like, not extending back to tegula, its hind angles often
produced into lobes (Fig, 4 B). (Superfamily Sphecoidea)................... 22
p ror
D. Fore wing almost always r'olJed w h e n in repose; first discoidal cell very long, as a rule m u c h long
er than the submedian cell (Fig. 5 A). Both solitary and colonial species (Family Vespidae) 6
Fore wing very rarely folded; first discoidal cell shorter than submedian cell(Fig. 5 B). Solitary
species........................................................................................... 21
Fig. 5 A Fig. 5 B
O n e spur at tip of middle tibia; claws bifid, split at tip (Fig. 6 A). (Subfamily E u m e n i n a e ) ........
Sol itary W a s p s ....................................................................................18
T w o spurs at tip of middle tibia; claws tapering to point (Fig. 6 B)................................. 7

• 104
7. C l y p e u s (upper lip) broadly truncate and m o r e or less notched at apex (Fig. 7 A); hind wing with
out a lobe at anal angle (Fig. 7 B). (Subfamily Vespinae). Flornets, Yellow Jackets 8
Clypeus s o m e w h a t pointed at apex (Fig. 7 C); hind wing with a lobe at anal angle (Fig. 7 D ) .......
(Subfamily Polistinae). Paper W a s p s .............................................................. 15
Fig. 7 A Fig. 7 C
Fig. 7 B Fig. 7 D
O c u l o - m a l a r space long, m o r e than half the length of next to last antennal segment; vertical
carina on p r o n o t u m (Fig. 8 A ) ...................................................................... 9
O c u l o - m a l a r space short, less than half the length of next to last antennal segment; no vertical
carina on p r o n o t u m (Fig. 8 B). ................................................................... 11
antenna
Fig. 8 A Fig.
105«
9. Very large species, 20-30 mm. long, extensively reddish-brown; postocellar area of vertex at
least as long as ocellar triangle in dorsal view (Fig. 9 A).Builds paper nest in homes or hollow
trees. (Vespa crabo germana). ....................................................................................GIANT HORNET
Smaller species, 8-20 mm. long; black species with white, ivory white, oryellowish markings;
postocellar area of vertex not as long as ocellar triangle (Fig. 9 B)....................................................10
Fig. 9 A Fig. 9
'zP ’
• 106
10. Black and white species; first and second abdominal segments entirely black, c-c * . . . . with
very narrow pale markings at tip of first segments in some maxes (Fig. 10 A). Builds enclosed
globular nests under eaves or in trees. (Vespula maculata)......................BALD-FACED FiORNET
Black and yellow species; yellowish posterior margins of first and second abdominal segments
deeply notched (Fig. 10 B). Builds globular paper nests under eaves or in trees..............................
(Vespula arenaria)......................................................................................................A YELLOW JACKET
11. Black and white species (Fig. 11 A). Builds paper nest in ground or on trees....................................
(Vespula consobrina).................................................................................................................. A FIORNET
Black and yellowish species (Fig. 11 B). All build paper nests in ground......................................... 12
Fig. 11
Fig. 11 A
107 •
2. Mcsonotum with two, broad, longitudinal, curved yellowish stripes reaching almost from front
to hind margins (Fig. 12 A). Eastern species (Vespula squamosa). California and Oregon
species (Vespula sulphurea).................................... A YELLOW JACKET
Me -onotuin entirely black, or with two short yellowish stripes near scuzellum (F’ig. 12 B) 13
13. Yellowish postero-lateral margins of pronotum usually even, parallel-sided; clypeus with broad,
dark, longitudinal stripe, often anchor-shaped (Fig. 13 A 8t B). Northern species........................
(Vespula vulgaris). . . / ............................................................................................... A YELLOW JACKET
Yellowish postero-lateral margin of pronotum not parallel-sided; clypeus with short dark median
stripe or one or more small dark spots (Fig. 13 C & D)...................................................................... 14
• 108
14. First antennal segment largely yellowish in front; eyes encircled by yellowish band on upper
three-fourths (Fig. 14 A). Western species (Vespula pennsylvanica)............ A YELLOW JACKET
First antennal segment largely or entirely blackish; eyes with a blackish area dorsally separating
pale anterior and posterior orbital bands (Fig. 14 B). Eastern species (Vespula maculifrons). . . .
................................................................................................................................. A YELLOW JACKET
15. Body and all legs entirely or largely orange-colored (Fig. 15 A). Builds paper combs in walls of
house or hollow trees. (Polistes rubiginosus) ............................................ORANGE PAPER WASP
Body with some blackish markings; at least hind tarsi pale-colored (Fig. 15 B).............................16
--'i, wit ft ime nr mure pale hands starring ar posterior margin of first or
i;!i. ¡or'_;(ii largely ¡¡¡ackish; r,u veliowinh band behind ocelli (F it;. 16 B) J7
Large species 20-25 mm. .ong, propodeum with coarse transverse striae {rig. 17 A). Builds
paper combs in bushes or trees. (Polistes annularis)........................................i.ARGL PAPER VVASP
Medium-sized species, 12-17 mm. long; propodeum with fine striae or essentially smootn (Fig. ¡7
B). Builds paper comb:- under eaves or in buildings. (Polistes fuscatus pallipes)............................
......................................................................................................... ..DARKPAPERWASP
Fig. 17 A Fig. 17 B
• 110
18. Slender species with extremely elongate first abdominal segment (Fig. 18 A). Builds small mud,
potter nests provisioned with caterpillars. (Eumenes fraterng)..................................POTTER WASP
Stocky species, with stout first abdominal segment (Fig. 18 B). Nest in holes in ground or wood,
or old mud-dauber nests provisioned with caterpillars. (Odynerus species and Monobia species)
..................................................................................................... ............... ....................SOLITARY WASPS
19. Mesopleuron divided by an oblique suture into upper and lower parts (Fig. 19 A). Usually nest in
holes in ground provisioned wich spiders or tarantulas (Family Psammocharidae)............................
........................................................................................................... SPIDER AND TARANTULA WASPS
Mesopleuron not divided by such an oblique suture (Fig. 19 B)...............................................................20
111«
20. Bases of middle and hind coxae not covered by plates (Fig. 20 A). Parasites of other wasps and
bees nesting in ground........................................................................................................... VELVET ANTS
Bases of middle, and sometimes hind, coxae covered by plates (Fig. 20 B)........................................21
Fig. 20 A
21. Wing membrane beyond cells with wrinkles; inner margin of eye with a sinus; bases of middle and
hind coxae covered by plates (Fig. 21 A & B). Male with three spines at tip of abdomen................
(Family Scoliidae). ........................................................................................................ SCOL1ID WASPS
Wing membrane beyond cells without wrinkles; inner margin of eye essentially straight; bases of
middle coxae covered by plates (Fig. 21 C & D). Male with a single upturned spine at tip of abdo
men. (Family Tiphiidae)............. TIPI HID WASPS
platev
middle coxa
Fig. 21 A
• 112
22. Very large species, 30 mm. long or more; first abdominal segment broad and sessile (Fig. 22 A)
Nest in holes in ground provisioned with cicadas. (Sphecius speciosus)............ CICADA KILLER
Smaller species, less than 25 mm. long; first abdominal segment longer and more slender (Fig.
23. Eyes with deep sinus on inner side; one or two clearly defined submarginal ceils; dark species
with whitish tarsus (Fig. 23 A). Builds organ-pipe mud nests. (Trypoxylon snecies)..................
......................................................................................................................... PIPE ORGAN MUD-DAUBER
Eyes nearly straight on inner side; three well-defined submarginal cells; metallic blue, or
species with some pale markings on abdomen (Fig. 23 B & C)...........................................................24
1 1 3 *
24. Petiole of abdomen two-segmented (Fig. 24 A). Nest in holes in ground. (Sphex species)..........
........................................................................................................................................... SOLITARY WASP
Petiole of abdomen one-segmented (Fig. 24 B)....................................................................................... 25
Fig. 24 B
Fig. 24 A
25. Bright metallic-bluish species (Fig. 25 A). Builds mud nests provisioned with spiders................
(Chalybion Californiajm)....................................................................................... BLUE MUD-DAUBER
Darker species with yellowish or orange markings (Fig. 25 B). 26
Fie. 25 B
• 114
26. Dark species with yellowish markings (Fig. 26 A). Builds mud nests provisioned with spiders. .
(Sceliphron caementarium)............................................................................. COMV.ON MUD-DAUBER
Dark hairy species with orange markings (Fig. 26 B). Nest in holes in ground................................
(Chlorion ichneumonea) ' .......................................................ORANGE THR EAD-WAISTED WASP
1 15 •
... . it...a without spurs (Fig. 27 A). Colony builds wax combs in bee hives, in houses, and in
trees. (Apis mellifera)..................................................................................................... HONEY BEE
Hind :ib:a with one or two spurs (Fig. 27 B)...........................................................................................28
28. Oculo-malar space longer than second segment of antenna; large hairy species with contrasting
blackish and yellowish (sometimes reddish) pile (Fig. 28 A). Colony bu'.lds wax combs in nests
in ground or logs, often in old mouse nests. (Family Bombidae; Bornbus sp .) BUMBLEBEES
Oculo-malar space short, eye reaching (or nearly reaching) base of mandible (Fig. 28 B) 29
Fig. 28
Fig. 28 A
• 116
29. Very large species 15-25 mm. long with shiny bluish, nearly hairless upper abdomen; second
submarginal cell strongly narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 29 A). Nest in holes bored in wood.
(Xylocopa virginica)..............................................................................................CARPENTER BEE
Smaller species 2-14 mm. long, usually with some hairs on upper surface of abdomen, shiny
greenish species; second submarginal cell not narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 29 B & C)................. 30
/.
/
#
9
Fig. 29 C
Fig. 29 A
30. Fore-wing with two submarginal cells; abdomen of female with dense hairy patches on underside
(Fig. 30 A). Builds nest out of leaves in tree holes (Megachile species). . . LEAFCIJTTER BEES
Fore-wing with three submarginal cells; abdomen without dense hairy patches on underside (Fig.
30 B & C)................................................................................................................................................31
117»
:nisn s i x- i ¡F;g. 31 A). Nesr in ground. (Augochlora species).....................................

................................ .T7777777T. METALLIC SOLITARY BEES
(F ig. 31 5). Nest in ground. (Halictus and Andrena spec.es). . . . SOLITARY' BEES
Fig. 31 B
32. First (and sometimes second) segment of abdomen node-like (Fig. 32 A). Build colony nests in
ground, under stones, in wood, or in buildings (Family Formicidae)........................................ANTS
First and second segments of abdomen not node-like (Fig. 32 B)....................................................... 33
Fig. 3 2 B
• 118
33. Larger species 3-25 mm. long, usually with definite dark and reddish or orange-colored hairs
(Fig. 33 A). Parasites of ground-nesting bees and wasps (Family Mutillidae). . . VELVET ANTS
Smaller species 1-2 mm. long, with few sparse hairs; body various shades yellowish to brown
ish (Fig. 33 B). Parasites of wood-boring beetles (Family Bethylidae, Scleroderma species . . .
................................................................................................................................... PARASITIC WASPS
Fig. 3 3 B
119«
ANTS: KEY TO SOME C O M M O N SPECIES

Harold George Scott
1. P e d ic e l ( “ w a i s t ” ) 1 -s e g m e n te d ............................................................................................................................................... 2
P e d ic e l 2 -s e g m e n te d ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2. P e t io le ( s c a le on p e d ic e l) p o o r ly d e v e lo p e d , h id d e n b e n e a th a b d o m e n
(Tapinoma sessile) ................................................................................................................... ODOROUS HOUSE A N T
P e t i o le w e ll- d e v e lo p e d , e r e c t, n o t h id d e n b e n e a th a b d o m e n ................................................................................. 3
3. T i p o f a b d o m e n w it h o u t c i r c l e t o f h a ir s (Iridomyrmex humilis)...................................... A R G E N T IN E A N T
T ip o f a b d o m e n w it h c i r c l e t o f h a ir s (Camponotus herculeanus
pennsylvanicus) ....................................................................................................................... B L A C K C A R P E N T E R A N T
4. H e a d a n d th o r a x w ith n u m e ro u s s p in e s (Atta texana) ....................................T E X A S L E A F - C U T T I N G A N T

H e a d a n d th o r a x s p in e le s s o r w it h 1 p a ir o f s p in e s on th e p o s t e r io r th o ra x .............................................. 5
5. T h o r a x a n d h e a d c o v e re d w it h “ f in g e r p r in t s ” ; p o s t e r io r th o r a x w it h
s in g le p a ir s o f s p in e s (Tetramorium caespitum) ............................................................... PAVEM ENT ANT
T h o r a x a n d h e a d w it h o u t ‘ ‘ f i n g e r p r in t s ” ; p o s te r io r th o r a x w it h o u t s p in e s .................................................. 6
6. A n t e n n a l c lu b 2 - s e g m e n te d .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
A n te n n a l c lu b 3 -s e g m e n te d .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
7. S h in y - b la c k (Monomorium minimum) ............................................................................................. L I T T L E B L A C K ANT

Y e llo w is h - r e d (Monomorium pharaonis) .............................................................................................. P H A R A O H ANT
8. H o u s e in f e s t in g a n ts (Solenopsis molesta) ..................................................................................................... T H I E F A N T

O u td o o r m o u n d - b u ild in g a n t s .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
9. M a n d ib le s s t r o n g ly in c u r v e d (Solenopsis geminata).......................................................... T R O P I C A L F IR E A N T
M a n d ib le s n o t s t r o n g ly i n c u r v e d ............................................................................................................................................... 10
10. D o r s a l s u r fa c e o f h e a d w it h la r g e c o a rs e , s c a tte r e d p u n c tu r e s
(Solenopsis saevissima v a r. richteri)................................................................................... IM P O R T E D F IR E A N T
D o r s a l s u r f a c e o f h e a d w it h o u t p u n c tu r e s (Solenopsis xyloni)...................................S O U T H E R N F IR E A N T

p u b l i c h e a l t h s e r v i c e , Communicable Disease Center, Troining Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1963
• 120
D IP T E R A : P IC T O R IA L K E Y T O P R IN C IP A L F A M IL IE S OF P U B L IC H E A L T H IM P O R T A N C E
H . R . Dodge
Antennae of 3 segmenta or the Antennae of 10 or to ts d istinct

op*col segments more or less fused segm ents, usuaiiy elongate
-U S ®
___1____
Not more than 3 pos Antennae short, of 10-11 seg Antennae 12-16 segmented,
4 or 5 poste rio r cells terior cells (Antennoe ments. P oste rio r veins fine elongate. P o s te rio r veins
3 segmented) not u n u su a lly fine
SìM ULl/D AE
3rd vein with 3A 3rd '.e h with 3 A A. Costo ending before wing tip. Wing with costc continued around
¡ong, 3 8 ending short, 3 8 ending B. Wina veins reduced. apex and veins numerous, th ic k ly
jehm d wing tip before wmq tip C. Vestfture of wing very sparse. d ad with h a i’s or scales
-COSTA
û bdom er: ?¡atteiv>] - '^RùN lD Av.

STRA Tl OM YiQAE
Abdomen cylindrical RHAGìQNiDAE
-
HELE/DAE {-'CERA TGPOGGNIDAE)
A 2 'id uniiinf'O l segment with ssaav A. 2nd ontennal segment without 3eoin Wing with cross veins Wing without cross veins
.M
<33Cno:ai com plete B. Mesonotal suture Íncompteíe or --ibsant at about the m id d le bry.'o<i th-§ b o sa l th ird
7>
°SYCHOD!DA E
V'Vpop'&UTQ t>oro, or i-typOC%jTO 'with i row Hypopteuro «ttti long, Oro\ vibnssce usually present Ora) vibrissae absent.
« ith sparse, fine hairs or Strong b rijiltís usually dense hairs. (S m all flie s rarely re taine d (S ize u s u a lly iarger, or with
M outhparts vestigial by a 16-mesh screen) prominent ovipositor in female)
ftsstscu'ellum
undeveloped
CUTEREBRIDAE
P ostscutellum large,
swollen (See fig. for
TACHINIDAE below)
0E5TRIDAE
(S purious vein absent. Anal cell not neorly
reo chin g marg n of w ing)
A. Spurious vein present.

8. A n a l c e ll n ea rly A. A nal c e ll short.
B. Female ovipositor prominent Anol cel) absent
reaches wing margin.
LARVAEVORIDAE(mTACHINIDAE)
SARCOPHAGIDAE CALL!PHORIDA£ OTITIOAE(•ORTAUDAE) LONCHAEÌDAE GASTEROPHtL¡DA£
Body d ull to m oderately shining Body strongly shining, usuoliy block
^ A n te w w ^ p p a r^ not large 1
(Wing vein 5 w ithout slight irreg u larity. Anal vein present)
and bristly. Posterior veins strong, with jro s s veins)
A. Antennoe apporentty l-segmented. A. M outh p arts thick A. M outhparts not thick and A.\%in 5 with slight A. Abdomen brood bosally. A. Abdomen tapered bosoity.
B .P o tpi targe, b ris tly . C. P oste rio r fIt^^BMst hiná fleshy. 8. 1st hind to rta i irreg u larity. B. Front leq onty s lig h tly B. Front leg u s u a lly m ucn
vetns fin e , w ith o u t c ro ss veins torsof segment brood segment long, slender B .A n ol vein absent sh orte r than h ind le g s h o rte r tha n hind leg
PHOR!DAE BORBOR/DAE DROSOPHILIDAE CHLOROPIDAE PfOPHILIDAE SEPS!DAE

U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F H E A L T H , E D U C A T IO N , A N D W ELFAR E
p u b l ic h e a l t h S E R V I C E , C o m m u n ic a b le D is e a s e C e n te r , T r a in in g B r a n c h , A t l o n t a , G e o r g ia — 1 9 4 8 , R e v i s e d M ay 1953
F ig . 145 121 •
D O M E S T I C F L I E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O C O M M O N S P E C I E S IN T H E U . S .
H . R . Dodge
I
Thorox ond abdomen
T
Thorax dull-, abdo-
I
Thorox and abdomen
dull, grey or brown to black m«n Mue or green shining, m e ta llic or block
i
I
Squamae dark,w ith hind
Squamae pole; abdo 4 th va in sharply angled 4 th vein straight
4 th vein angled 4 th vein curved men strongly sh in in g margin of lower lobe pale-,
abdom en p o llin o s e *
\Call/phora spp.| Body bluish-black;

palpi black
r
Thorax dark, with Thorox gray, with
\0~/aucostoma [
Body bronzy-black;
4 b lo c k s trip e s 3 b lo c k s trip e s
palpi reddish
(Sides of abdom (Abdomen check-
en usually pale ) ered.with tip usu- {o. a«nescens \
a lly red, the sides
never pole)
\Fanmo spp.j Hy/emya-, Poreg/a

and others
Musca domestica\i | Sarcopfiago sppT| Head yellow below; Head dark below;
thorax dark striped thorax not striped
(The house fly)
Anterior spiracle white
\Ca//itrogo]
I
I I
Squomae w iite or portly so Squamae uniform ly dork
j Profophorm/o terrge-novoe\
Proboscis elongate, s tiff, Proboscis normal,
non-retroctile, Wood-suck- troctile. Tip of scutell-
mg. Thorax with pale spa* um more or less pale
behmd head Anterior spiracle blackish A nterior spiracle reddish
Do'sat thoracic Dorsal thorocic
bnst es strong bristles reduced
Middle thorocic stripe
a b b re v ia te d ; w ing
Tho< acic stripes of
equal lengthy wing i
yellowish-brown ot bose grayish-brown at base
C. homtrivorax .
(•am ericana) \C. mace!/aria |
\S tomoxys ca/c¡trons\ i fly) (Secondary screw -w orm fly)
(The stabte fly)
Legs m part reddish-brown
'haervcia and a llie s I Phormia rtg m o j
| M. stabu/ans j
(The block Wow fly)
Legs wholly black
Abdomen strongly shining Abdomen pollinose dorsally ;*

not p o llin o s e d o r s a lly ;* m a le s with squamae white,
males with squomae portly eyes moderately separoted
darkened, eyes close set
EPAULET
BAS I COS TA ;
SU8 COS TA
COSTA-
Body usuc ly green Body usua lly bronzy

Front margin of thorox Front margin of thorax Male genital segments con Male genital segments con
entirety shining or with uniform ly pollinose * cealed; female without v a r spicuous, hairy; fem ale with
o c ca sio n a l tro ces of iegated pollino sity ventrolly voriegated p o llin o s ity vent-
p o llin o s ity * on abdomen * ra llyo n obdumen*(readily vis
No ’S 1- 7 ARE THE " LONGI TUOI NAL WING
VEI NS' USUALLY REFERRED TO AS *VElNS* Antennae and palpi Antennae
I I
Antennae black
ib le when viewed »n ce no m
light)
black or blackish reddish ABDOMEN
I Lucilia iUusfri$\
\Bufolucilia si/varum]
Antennae ond
polpi reddish
I P. c a tn iltiv irid is I
MALE FEMALE M ALE FEMALE
StO£VIEWVENTRALVIE* SIDEVIEWVENTRALVIEW
P. cuprina
cuprina
(•p a lle sca n s )
U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F
H E A L T H , E D U C A T IO N , A N D W E L F A R E
USUAL DI FFERENCE IN I NTEROCULAR
P U B L IC H EALTH S E R V IC E SPACE O f MAwE AND F E MA L E F L I E S
C o m m u n ic a b le D is e a » © C e n t e r
T r a in in g B ra n c h
A t l a n t a , G e o r g ia
1951 - R e v is e d J u ly 1958
FEMALE HALE
ANTE RI OR VI EW
‘POLLINOSE*REFERSTOAW
HITISHDUSTl«*«O
FASURFACECAUSCOBYM
ICRO
SCO
PICH
AIRS
• 122
DOMESTIC FLIES: PICTORIAL KEY TO C O M M O N SPECIES

Harold George Scott and Margery R. Borom
thorax dull, abdomen dull thorax dull, abdomen shiny ;hcrax shiny, abdomen shiny
Calliphora spp. and

Cynomyopsis spp_
BLUE BOTTLE FLIES
small (about l/Vmch long) medium-size (about !4-mch long) large (usually over t/3-inch iong)
-1thoracic stripes, indistinct 4 thoracic stripes, often indistinct 3 distinct thoracic stripei
abdomen with red tip
Sa-cophaga spp.
FLESHFLIES
thoracic stripes distinct thoracic stripes indistinct
sides of abdomen pale sides of ibdomcn dark
erect when resting "squats" when resting erect when resting
thorax without pale spots pale spot behind head pale spot on scuteilum
Muscina spp_
FALSE STABLE FLIES
color black color dark blue color green to bronze
edium-size (14-mch long) large (l/3-inch long)
Phormia regina
BLACK BLOWFLY
color green
3 thoracic stripes without thoracic stripes
GREEN BRONZE
BOTTLE FLY BOTTLE FLY

PUBLIC h e a l t h s e r v i c e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1962
D O M E S T I C F L I E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O C O M M O N S P E C I E S IN S O U T H E R N U .S .
H . R. Dodge
Body bicolored: Body shining,

Body dull, grey or thorax dark, ab
brown to black domen metallic metallic or black
I
Scutellum with 3 Scutellum with 4-5
4th vein curved 4th vein straight pairs of marginal pairs of marginal 4th vein sharply angled 4th vein straight
bristles (Squamae bristles (Squamae
4 I ash grey) dark,with pale hind 4 i
margin of lower lobe)
OPHYRA
FANNIA SPP. CYNOMYOPSIS Body bluish-black;
CALUPHORA SPP. palpi black
HYLEMYA SPP. CADAVERINA
Thorax dark, with Thorax prey, with 3 0. LEUCOSTOMA
4 black stripes black stripes (Abdo Body bronzy-black;
(Sides of abdomen men checkered, with palpi red
usually pale) tip usually red, the O. AENESCENS
sides never pale) SCUTELLUM
(BETWEEN WINGS)
\
I
Thorax not striped. Thorax black-striped.
Head dark below, Head yellow below
never yellow CALL/TROGA MACELLARIA
The secondary screw-worm fly
SARCOPHAGA SPP.
MUSCA DOMESTICA Anterior spiracle red. Anterior spiracle dark.
The housefly Dorsal thoracic Dorsal thoracic
bristles reduced bristles strong
I
Proboscis elongate, stiff, Proboscis normal, re
4
non-retractile, blood-suck tractile. Tip of scu THORAX ABDOMEN
ing. Thorax with pale tellum more or less
spot behind head pale
PHORMIA REGINA PHAENICIA
Body with whitish pollen

Body wholly shining, most evident on front
STOUOXYS CALC/TRANS MUSCINA blue-green margin of thorax.
The (table fly Legs in part reddish-brown P. CAERULEIVIRIDIS Body color usually green
M. STABULANS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE P. SERI CAT A
Legs wholly block Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch Body color usually bronzy
M. A SS! Ml LIS Atlanta, Georgia —1948, Revised Aug. 1953 P. PALLESCENS
• 124
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, C o m m o n i c o b I © D is © o $ ® C e n te r, T r a in in g B ra n c h , A tla n t a , G e o rg i a — 1 9 5 2 - R e v i se d 1953
125»
FLY LARVAE: KEY TO SOME SPECIES OF PUBLIC H E A L T H IMPORTANCE

Chester J. Stojanovich — Harry D. Pratt — Elvvin E. Bennington
1. L a r v a with a d e fin ite , h ard, s c lero tize d head capsule (F ig . 1 A ) ............................................................. 2
L a r v a without a defin ite, hard, s clero tize d head capsule (F ig . 1 B). ............................................... 3
2. B o d y f l a t t e n e d ; l a r g e l a r v a e 1 2 -2 0 m m . l o n g ( F i g . 2 A). . . ( H e r m e t i a i l l u c e n s ) SO LD IE R F L Y
B o d y c y l i n d r i c a l w ith s p i r a c l e s o p e n in g in a tu b u l a r s e g m e n t a t p o s t e r i o r end of b o d y , l a s t
s e g m e n t m o d i f i e d i n t o a s c l e r o t i z e d a i r t u b e ( F i g . 2 B ) .......................................................................................
................................................................................................................... ( G e n u s P s y c h o d a & a l l i e s ) F I L T E R F L I E S
F ig . 2 A
F ig . 2 B
3. B o d y w ith s p i n e - li k e d o r s a l a n d l a t e r a l p r o c e s s e s on e a c h s e g m e n t; p o s t e r i o r s p i r a c l e s on
s m a l l e l e v a t i o n s ( F i g . 3 A ) ........................................................................................................... ( G e n u s F a n n i a ) . . . 4
B o d y s m o o th , o r w ith s h o r t s p in e s , b u t no long l a t e r a l p r o c e s s e s (F ig . 3 B ) ................................... 5
/ \1 \/ 'l i \i nT lj
\ \ 1\ ;i x i i I 1
Fig. 3 B

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, ConmunicabIe Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — ]962
126
4. P ro c e s s e s branched or fe a th e ry (F ig . 4 A ) .................................... (F a nn ia s c a l a r i s ) L A T R I N E FLY
P ro c e s s e s without branches, spiny (F ig . 4 B). . (F a nn ia c a n ic u la ris ) LESSER HOUSE F L Y
5. . P o s t e r i o r s p i r a c l e s on p e g - l i k e t u b e r c l e s o r c o n e s ; s m a l l e r l a r v a e , u s u a l l y 6 - 9 m m . lo n g
( F i g . 5 A ) ...................................................................................................................................................... ! ..................................... 6
P o s t e r i o r s p i r a c l e s n o t on p e g - l i k e t u b e r c l e s ; l a r g e r l a r v a e , u s u a l l y 9 - 1 8 m m . lo n g (F ig .
5 B ) ...................................................... 7
. 5 B
Fig
6. P o s t e r i o r s p i r a c l e s a t e n d s o f l o n g t u b e r c l e s ( F i g . 6 A ) .....................................................................................
............................................................................................................................( G e n u s D r o s o p h i l a ) V I N E G A R F L I E S
P o s t e r i o r s p i r a c l e s on s h o r t c o n e s , l a s t s e g m e n t w ith s h o r t f i n g e r - l i k e l a t e r a l p r o c e s s
( F i g . 6 B ) .............................................................................................................( P i o p h i l a c a s e i ) C H E E S E S K I P P E R
Fig. 6 B
127»
7. P o s t e r i o r end of body extended to f o r m a ta il (F ig . 7 A ) .............................................................................

............................................................................................................... (E r i s t a l i s te nax) R A T - T A I L E D M A G G O T
Body swollen or tap ered p o s t e r io r l y , but ne v e r extended into a t a il lik e p ro c e ss (F ig . 7 B ).. 8
F ig . 7 B
8. P e r i t r e m e p resen t, with 3 d istinct slits (F ig . 8 A ) ........................................ 9
P e r i t r e m e absent; or if p re s e n t without 3 d istinct slits (F ig . 8 B & C ) .............................................. 23
Fig . 8 A F ig . 8 B Fig . 8
9. Slits of p o s te rio r sp iracles s tra ig h t (F ig . 9 A ) ................. . 10
Slits of p o s t e r io r spiracles s tron g ly sinuous (F ig . 9 B). 22
Fig. 9 A Fig. 9 B
• 128
10. D o r s a l and v e n tr a l a rm s of cephaloskeleton a lm o s t equal (F ig . 10 A); p e rif.rem e w ith two

n o n -s c le r o tiz e d a re a s away f r o m the button (F ig . 10 B ). . (Genus Ophvra) D U M P F L Y
D o rs a l a r m of cephaloskeleton longer than v e n tra l a r m (F ig . 10 C ) ; p e r i t r e m e com plete or

with one w eakly s c le r o tiz e d a r e a (F ig . 10 D & E ) ....................................................................................
F ig . 10 B Fig. Fig . 10 E
11. P o s t e r io r s p ira cle s with p e r i t r e m e com plete, s o m e tim e s weak in a r e a of button (F ig . 11 A)

12
P o s t e r i o r s p irac le s with p e r i t r e m e in c o m p le te , not enclosing a so m etim es i l l - d e f in e d

button (F ig . 1 1 B ) ................. 16
Fig . 11 A
12. S p ira c u la r plate and button h e av ily s c le ro tiz e d ; a c c e s s o ry o r a l s c le r ite p re s e n t (F ig . 12 A

& B ) .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
S p ir a c u la r plate and button not h e a v ily sc le ro tize d ; a c c e s s o ry o r a l s c le r ite absent (F ig . 12

C & D ) .......................................... 14
Fig. 12 D
129*
13. M a n d ib u la r s c le r ite with tooth longer than g re a te s t width of basal p o rtio n (F ig . 13 A ) ..........
.................................................................................................. ( C a llip h o r a v ic in a) A B L U E B O T T L E F L Y
M a n d ib u la r s c le r ite with tooth only as long as g re a te s t width of basal p o rtio n (F ig . 13 B). .

................................................................................... (C ynomyopsis c a d a v e rin a ) A BLUE B O TTLE FLY
F ig . 13 B
14. P e r i t r e m e th ick with rounded or sharp p ro je c tio n s which extend in w a rd to w a rd s p ira c u la r

slits (F ig . 14 A); cephaloskeleto n as in f ig u r e 14 B ....................................................................................
.............................................................................. (P h a e n ic ia c a e ru le iv irid is ) A G R E E N B O T T L E F L Y
P e r i t r e m e thin, u s ua lly with no p ro je c tio n s or i f p re s e n t only slightly s c le r o tiz e d (F ig .

14 C ).................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
F ig . 14 A F ig . 14 B
15. At le a s t one of the p ro th o r a c ic s p ira cles with 8 o r m o r e openings (F ig . 15 A); p e r i t r e m e

and cephaloskeleton as in fig u re s 15 B & C. . (P h a e n ic ia se ric a ta ) A G R E E N B O T T L E F L Y
At le a s t one of the p ro th o r a c ic s p ira c le s with 6 o r less openings (F ig . 15 D ) ; p e r i t r e m e

and cephaloskeleton as in fig u re s 15 E & F ....................................................................................................
(Syn. P . p a lle s c e n s ) .................................................. (P h a e n ic ia c u prin a)A B R O N Z E B O T T L E F L Y
F ig . 15 D
F ig . 15 F
Fig . 15 C
• 130
16. S p ira c u la r slits not pointing to ward opening in p e r i t r e m e (F ig . 16 A ) ................................................17
S p ir a c u la r slits pointing to ward opening in p e r i t r e m e (F ig . 16 B ) ....................................................... 18
F ig . 16 A Fig . 16 B
V e r y la r g v size , about ZC) m m . long; m a n d ib u la r s c le r ite as in fig u re 17 A ....................................

................................................................................ (Sarcophaga c li t e l l i v o r a or S. b u lla t a ) A F L E S H F L Y
S m a lle r size , about 10 m m . long; m a n d ib u la r s c le r ite as in fig u re 17 B ...........................................

................................................................................................ (Sarcophaga h a e m o rrh o id a lis ) A FLESH FLY
F ig . 17 A Fig . 17 B
18. At least one of the p ro th o ra c ic s p ira c le s with 9 or less openings (F ig . 18 A). . . . 19
At least one of the p ro th o r a c ic s p ira c le s with 10 or m o re openings (F ig . 18 B). 20
F ig . 18 A Fig . 18 B
19. M a n d ib u lar s c le r ite with tooth longer than width of basal portio n (F ig . 19 A ) ...............................
........................................................................................................................(W o h lfa h rtia opaca) A F L E S H F L Y
M an d ib u la r s c le r ite with tooth only as long as g reatest width of basal p o rtio n (F ig . 19 B ) . .

.......................................................................................................................... (W o h lfa h rtia v i g i l ) A F L E S H F L Y
Fig. 19 A Fig. 19 B
131 •
Button ■: distin ct <jr absent; w a lls of slits with la t e r a l swellings ¡F ig . 20 A ) ...............................21
Button p re s e n t, w alls of slits without la t e r a l swellings (F ig . 20 B ) .....................................................

................... (P h o r m i a r e g in a ) B L A C K B L O W F L Y
F ig . 20 B
21. T r a c h e a l trunks pigmented (F ig . 21 A).

. (C och lio m yia h o m in iv o r a x ) P R I M A R Y S C R E W - W O R M
T r a c h e a l trunks not pig m ented (F ig . 21 B ) .........................................................................................................

.............................................................................(C oc h lio m y ia m a c e l l a r l a ) S E C O N D A R Y S C R E W - W O R M
. F i g . 21 A F ig . 21 B
22. P e r i t r e m e th ick (F ig . 22 A). (Musca dom estica) H O U S E F L Y
P e r i t r e m e thin (F ig . 22 B ) . . . (H aem atobia i r r itans) HORN FLY
Fig. 22 A F ig . 22 B
• 132
23. S m a ll or s len d e r, round l a r v a e , u sually less than 13 m m . long, ta p e rin g a n t e r i o r l y (F ig .

2 3 A ) ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
L arge, robust l a r v a e , o v e r 15 m m long, with v e r y stout spines (F ig . 23 B ). 26
F ig . 23 A
24. B utto n c e n tr a lly located (F ig . 24 A). . . . (Stomoxys c a lc itr a n s ) STABLE FLY
B utto n not c e n tr a lly located (F ig . 24 B). ............................................................................. 25
F ig . 24 A F ig . 24 B
25. S lits o f p o s t e r io r s p ira c le s strongly sinuous (F ig . 25 A) (Musca a u tu m n a lis j FACE FLY
S lits of p o s t e r io r s p ira c le s not strongly sinuous (F ig . 25 B ) .....................................................................

................................................................................................................ (Genus Mucina) F A L S E S T A B L E F L Y
F ig . 25 A F ig . 25 B
26. P o s t e r i o r s p irac le s with 3 distinct slits (F ig . 26 A ) .....................................................................................27
P o s t e r i o r s p ira cle s without 3 distinct slits (F ig . 26 B ) .............................................................................. 28

1 3 3 *
7. S p ira c u la r slits straig ht and sunken in deep cavity (F ig . 27 A); body ,-hape as in fig u re 27 B.
................................................................................................................... (Genus D e rm a to b ia ) H U M A N B O C F L Y
Spi r i ; ia r s;its cu r\ ed and at most in shallow c a v ity (F ig . 27 C ) ; body shape as in figure

D ................................................................................................... (Genus Gasterophilus) H O R S E B O T F L Y
Fig . 27 A
18. Each s p ira c le divided into se v e ra l plates (F ig . 28 A ) ....................................................................................

......................................................................................(Genus C u te re b ra ) R A B B I T A N D R O D E N T BOT F L Y
Each s p ira c le not divided into several plates (F ig . 28 B). .29
Fig . 28 A F ig . 28 B
29. Button c e n tr a lly located (Fig. 29 A ) ................. .( O estru s ovis) SHEEP BOT F LY
30. Opening toward button n a r r o w (F ig . 30 A ). . . . (H yp od erm a bovis) N O R T H E R N C A T T L E GRUB
Opening to w a rd button wide (F ig . 30 B) (H yp od erm a lin eatu m ) C A T T L E GRUB

• 134
M O S Q U IT O E S : C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S O F A N O P H E L I N E S A N D C U L I C I N E S
K ent S. L i t t i g and C h e s te r J. Sto jan o vich
ANOPHELES AEDES CU LEX

Sfi
f]
Jwa.
7apa
A<faà
'Raiiq 'Joiiim
U.S. DEF’ARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

public health s erv ic e, Communicable Disease Center, Troining Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1962
135«
AEDES A E G Y P T I
C h e s t e r J. Stojanovich
PECTEN TOOTH
AIR T U B E
L- P E C T E N

PUBLIC h e a l t h SERVICE. Commuii cable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1965
• 136
VN O P H E L E S Q U A D RIM A C V L A T L S
Harry D. P r a tt

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia
C U L E X Q U I N Q U E F A SC I / \ T US
Harry D. P r a tt
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, ANDWELFARE

Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia
Lie HEALTH SERVICE,
M O S Q U I T O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O U .S . G E N E R A O F L A R V A E
H a rry D . P r a tt
A ir tube absent
Abdomen with
A ir tube present p alm ate hairs on
Abdomen without m idd le segments.
palm óte hairs
/ANOPHELES/
A ir tube
w ithout pecten.
A ir tube w ith a basal pair o f h air tu fts . A ir tuDe without a basoi pair of hair tufts.
A row o f tu fts o r stra ig ht hairs present A ir tube w ith one to many pairs of tu fts
in some species or hairs beyond base.
/ CUUSETA /
r
A ir tube w ith several p a irs of tu fts o r h a irs. A ir tub e w ith o nly one p a ir of tu fts or hairs
/MANSON!A¡
on ventral side.
Eighth abdom inal segment Eighth abdom inal segment

with comb scales w ithout comb scales, but
If a lateral plote is present, with lateral plate bearing
it does not bear hairs. two spinulose hairs.
I Eighth abdom inol segment with a plate bearing
a row of teeth on posterior side. Head longer
Eighth abdominol segment without
Heod w ith la teral pouches. Head w ithout a plate. Head wider than long;
Rare species found in south lateral pouches. than wide; the common species with four stout hairs not spine-like.
Florida ond Texas spines.
LATERAL POUCH TOXORHYNCHITES

k Formerly MEGARHIMÌSY 7
IDEINOGERI TESI ICULEXl lURANOTAENIAl
Anal segm ent w ith median Anal segment without medion
ventral brusn. E ighth a bd om i ventral brush. E ighth a b d o m i
nal segment w ith two rows of nal segment w ith only one row
A nal segment com pletely ringed by the Anal segment not completely ringed by the plot«,
comb scales. of com b scales.
plate which is pierced on the midventral or if ringed by the plate, not pierced on the m id -
line by tufts of the ventral brush. ventral line by tu fts of the ventral brush.
PLATE
IQRTHOPODOMYIAI IWYEOMYIAl
/ PSOROPHORA/ IAEDESI
U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF H E A LTH , E D U C A T IO N , A N D W E L F A R E , p u b l ic h e a l t h S E R V I C E . C o m m u n ic a b le D is e a s e C e n te r, T r a in in g B ra n c h , A tla n ta , G e o r g ia — 1 9 5 9
139»
MOSQUITOES: PICTORIAL KEY TO SOME C O M M O N L A R V A E OF THE UNITED STATES
C h e s te r J. S to ja n o v ich and H arry D . P r a t t
r . 1
. N. air tube absent: abdomen with palmate hain ir tu br present: ¡ I mI i . i i hmi without palmate hair«
I S DKPAffTm£HT O' HtALTH. tDUCATlOK »NO «(IFA1E

PU»UC NliLTH UtVtCI. DllMI« ■■ ■■■ *
älrT ,i ü ¡1 ¡1 !<■ ii Iji Æ ■«3 ■ -j -■ -■ ■) -r
4é
r •/ .Lr r ;-f'-'TT;T~ '"X*"- ""
outer elxpeal hair densely branrheo r tube

I
hoi minted
1 air tube
I
point<-d
\i
!\
« p i r a e u Ia r plate
I------------- 1 ■I,
/fi
V 1
hairs <) u n d2 <>n hair 0 riidinienti
wi'boiM (ails
a hilom i ii a ! segments i>r a b s e n t , hair 2

t und ■> m u l t i f i l e single or doubl-
Ä J t
y----
-
ypM N
9*. « fl ■ K T \A M a n s o n itt p e r tu r lm n .
Anopheles crucians
I
J 1 ^
,1, r ■
Anopheles franciscanus
’* '*
Anopheles
inner el,peal hairs inner el \ p e a l ha pseudopunctipennis
* e p u r u I <• <1 l>v a t l e a s t
■«II h o f a l i a s j l t u h e r e l c width
.separated
of a
liv
basal
le»* than
tu bercle
I------
air tube with u basal pair of hair tuft' III h. - w i l l :i I►,<> .11 n a i l <>l h a i r lull
tube with utie pair ol b;iir tuh
Anopheles Jreeborni
Anopheles (¡uadrimaculatus Anopheles punctipennis
air tube with H to lb

"T-----------------------------1---------
tube wiihone pair of hair tufts air tube with one pair of hair lufls
pi t i r> ol multiple tufts
lateral hair of saddle lateral hair of saddle
longer than saddle shorter than saddle Middle nnt piereed -.addle piereed In ¡intern
In l i t f{> <>f \ r n l r a l Itriisb lull« ol \inliiil brush
\ ^
: / * v . /
i.uliseta m e la n n r a Cu lis et a i n o r n a t a C. nl i s e t a i n c i d e n s
I ;------------------ 1---------- > '
■H e n n a uniform in shape; antenna e o n »t r i e t e«t; a i r
air lulu- with .1 p a i r * lube with I to 5 pairs
r k , ‘ ft* Ä _ L V s o ro p h o ro c o n jin n is
more preteu teeth widel\ 11 I p r ê t e r . le.-tb cMeulv .pared
9 ~Y
__.i*
l\
Culex restuans
^ t =
pi.cu- n-
I-----
liiflft o f u i r tube tufts of air I ii b e not peetrn extendi»«;
I‘ be\ond peeten not
I
extendin'- aI segment ei>iuplete
a slruight line in a straight line middle of air lube hewmd middle ol air tube ringed b v > Ii l dIe
W-X 'G.?
‘y //fi»
Culex larsali. Aedes nigromaculis Aedes vexans
les a p.
' i'C u le x pipiens

Culex quirujuefascifitus Aedes taeniorhynchus Aedes sol lici tans
lateral hair
I
o f «aitdle » m p l e lateral
1
hair of »dddl« double
T
Culex nigripalpus Culex salinarius

MOSQUITOES: PICTORIAL K E Y TO SOME C O M M O N L A R V A E OF WESTERN UNITED STATES
• 140
Harry D. Pratt
r
Air tube present at tipof obdomen; polmate hoirs Airtubenbçpnt nt tipof nbflomen; pnlmnte hnir
absent onmiddle obdominol segments. present onmiddleabdominal segments.
• H il I H- ii - ■■■ I «
WESTERN MALARIAL MOSOUITO

Anopheles Ireeborhi
A ir tube w ith several tu fts on each side A ir tube with a tu ft ot base on each side Air tube with n tu ft h#*yond bosp ryi Porh sidp
GENUS Cw/fx GENUS Luhseta GENUS AtJn
%
_1_
A ir tube w ith 5 or more tu fts o r Air tube w ith 4 tu fts on eoch side. Lateral hoir of onol segment as Loteral hotr of onot segment 5 - I 4 com b scoles on 8 th abdom inal 2 0 - 5 0 comb scales on 8 th obdom inol
eoch side long as, or longer than, anol shorterthan anal segment, fine. segm ent; la st tooth of pecten on o ir segm ent; la st tooth o f pecten on o ir
segment, stout. tube w idely spaced. evenly spoced.
HOUSE MOSOUITO
Cu/fX pipttM
S Cw/isrfi7 tnornata
A ll tu fts on each side inserted in a One or more tu fts on eoch side out Pecten teeth extend to about m iddle Pecten teeth extend much beyond Anal g ills shorter than anal segment. Anol gills longer than gftol segment.
stra ig ht line. of line. of a ir tube m idd le o f a ir tube
ENCEPHALITIS MOSOUITO
Cu/rx tarulla Cu/fX peus Aedes vrxatts Aides mqromacuhs Aides dorsalis Aedes shchcus
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, p u b l ic h e a l t h s e r v ic e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia—1960
M O S Q U I T O E S: P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O SOME L A R V \ E
COMM ON'L Y F O L 'N D IN A R T I F I C I A L C O N T A I N E R S
Harry V. P n u t arid C h e s t e r J. S lo ja n u v ic h
.-SrV
-» , Y' W i. .
,I ' !i '»■ !i ^ -
7 f ' 1
:: %
o/i.-'f!-. species
air iU6ESHOf I, nrCT!N PRESENT 4IRiw3ELonC, .
ONf VENTRAL TUFTON £aCHSIDE 31/E3AI HA!K5 ORHA
"If' % ‘■Y
V-
OMS SCALE f31 O[

!NOkA* WIrHOUT
.TPP.f
IA 'H O S M - I 'K E 'j>’ I r-i £ 1
IME
•*V ~
■<K1
\ >1 ?/V'0' —r!£-V' • , ^-
¿r =>- A w
\ ! 1\ ' -'-K/
1( "\ X' x
M U ''
■■u '\ ' ' m
Toyorbynchiles rwlilu*.
J----------
E0 v. ‘
n r .v i I h
Ac\les ¡leijyptt {.nicy re\tuiiH
IE. A!p T 6E I—---
ALARGE ’IJFr T.:b: ■
■iIHHair
■ .• '<u^;
I \ -Ak~:
/ .sfr---;-
¡ J :'
lYrrt*.
V -
f .
' JrthopoJcmyid ^¡)mferij ( }rtl'cpcdcn\-) u alba Aedes tnsmatuF Aedes <itropalpus Culey
U. S . D E P A R T M E N T OF H E A L T H , E D U C A T I O N , A ND W E L F A R E
PUBLIC h e a th. SERVICE, omm n cobie
C l i Di s e a s e Center, Trai ni ng Branch, At l ant a, Georgi a - 1962
• 142
M O SQ U IT O E S : P IC T O R I A L K E Y TO A N O P H E L IN E L A R V A E O F T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S
St in ley B. F re e b o rn and E ug en e J. Gerberg
Outer clypeol hoirs sim pe ; Outer ciypeal hairs

feathered, or sparsely branched d ensely branched
Inner ciypeal hairs simple; Cuter ciypeal hairs feathered Inner ciypeal hairs separated inner ciypeal hairs separated
antenna! hair single or double cr sporsely branched; by less than width of basal tubercles by width of basal tubercles
anfennol hair always mony-bronched
lA i-’
11 n.
5 or 6 pairs o f Only 3 pairs of

Antenna bare;
frontal heod hair*
short and simple
Antenna spiculated;
frontal head hairs
Iona ond branched ... .
v
”
I ,
Outer ond inner ciypeal
.
I ■ell-developed palmate hoirs
Outer and inner dypeol

(on seg*» H or I I I to S E )
weB-developed palmate
hoirs, (on seg*s I I , I o n d H ) I
O ccipital hairs with
I
Occipital hairs with
hairs equidistant. SJnghtly hairs sparsely branched qt S or less bronches; 6 or m ore branches^
feathered leaflets of tip, inners close. Leaflets brockish water breeder fresh water breeder
palmate hairs w th o f palmate hairs with
smooth margins notched margins
BARBERI
{Tree holes of
eostern half of U S )
ALB/MAMJS ATROPOS
(Lower RioGrandeVtailey, {Soit water of Gulf and
Texas ond South Florida) Atlantic Coasts)
Hair 2 on 4 tti seg. H a ir"2*00 4 th seg. Hoir "2" on 4 th teg.
usuolly triple usually single usually single
Posterior margin of Posterior margin of

spirocuior plate with tails spirocuior plate without tails
6E0R6/ANUS BRADLEy! QUADRtMACULATUS

PSEUOOPUNC TIPENNIS FRANCISCANUS (Southeastern U. S.) (A tlantic ond (Eastern half of US)
(South Central U. S. west to Texas) {Southwestern U.S.) Gulf Coasts)
Hair'O " on 4 th segment Hoir "0 * on 4 th segment

large and multiple smoll, single, or wanting
Hoir “2" on 4 th seg. Hair 2"on 4 th seg.

usuolly simple with two or more branches
Inner ciypeal hoirs Inner ciypeal hoirs bars Inner ciypeal hoirs typicolly 1nrw a (jlype a l hoirs bare.
slightly feathered at tips fo rk e jl or branched at tip. Hoir *2 on 4 th sea. usuolly
H air 2* on 4 th seg. usually double.
m u ltiple.
OCCIDENTAL/S EARLE /
WALKER! (Northwestern U S and Pacific Coast) PUNCTIPENNIS
(N orth Central and
PUNCT/PENN/S (All U.S.)
(E astern U S) Northeastern U.S.)
{A ll U S ) FREEBORN/
(W estern U. S.)
J.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

ÛBLlC h e a l t h s e r vi c e , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1943, Revisec ’950, 1951, 1953
143 •
M O S Q U IT O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O SOME L A R V A E O F F L O R I D A
C O M M O N L Y F O U N D IN C O N T A I N E R S
C h e s te r J. Sto janovich and H arry D. P ra tt
1
a ir tu b e a b s e n t; a b d om en w ith p a lm a te " h a ir s
PART a ir tu b e p re s e n t; abdom en w ith o u t p a lm a t e h a ir s
com b s c a le s p re s e n t on 8 th a b d o m ia l segm ent com b s c a le s a b se n t on 8 th a b d o m in a l segm ent
Orthopodomyia signífera
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDL CATION,AND WELFARE

PUBLIC h e a l t h SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — Revised May 1965
• 144
a ir tu b e w it h one h a ir or tu ft on each s id e
PART II
a ir tu b e w it h s e v e ra l h a ir s or tu fts on each s id e
a ir tu b e a t le a s t ó rim e s as lo n g as w id e a ir tu b e 3 -5 t im e s as lo n g as w id
\ \\
r ------- 1
c o m b s c a le s in a s in g le ro w com b s c a le s in a p a tc h ,
a ir tu b e w ith a b a sa l tu ft a ir tu b e w it h o u t a b a sa l tu ft
‘A k r i r ~-
I 1
a n te n n a w ith tu ft a n te n n a w ith tu ft
in s e r te d a t m id d le in s e r te d b eyo nd m id d le
a ir tu b e w ith 3 p a ir s a ir tu b e w ith 4 p a ir s
Culiseta melanura o f lo n g s in g le h a ir s ◦ If m u lt ip le tu fts
th o ra x w ith s p ic u le s , th o ra x w it h o u t s p ic u le s ,
\v
la t e r a l h a ir o f s a d d le s in g le la te r a l h a iir o f s a d d le d o u b le
Culex nigripalpus Culex salinarius Culex restuans Culex quinquefasciatus

145*
M O S Q U IT O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y TO SOME C O M M O N L A R V A E O F P U E R T O R IC O
F O U N D IN C O N T A I N E R S
H arry D. P ra tt and C h e s te r J. S to ja n o v ich
r------------------------------------------------------ I
air tube ab-eiil. ;ilidi>men wilh palmate hair* air tube present, abdoni rt without palmate hair-
-L Ï J J
1 ■* I*. ¡' :> i( 1*' l:l>v&-
4 ;
%
•7
JP TP 7' 1 s. < \ V -"r T H '
oulrr cI»peai hair outer cIvpea1 hair air tube without pecten air tube with pecten
not den>elv branched densely branehed
as long as wide lime!) as long as wide

thorax without % picuIes thurax with spicules
thorax with stellate hairs thorax without stellate hairs
saddle without posterior spine«
n w
w.
A edes aeg yp ti

PU2LIC health SERVICE, Commi
.nicabia Disaase Canter, Training Branch. Atlanta, Georgia — 1965
• 146
M O SQ U ITO D IA G R A M - A D U LT FE M A L E AEDES
C h e s t e r J. S to ja n o v ic h and H a ro ld George Scott
PROBOSCIS . ANTENNA

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1966
147«
M O S Q U I T O D IA G R A M - L A T E R A L A S P E C T O F M O S Q U IT O T H O R A X
C h e s te r J. S to jan o vich
S P IR A C U L A R B R IS T L E S STERNOPLEURON P R E A L A R B R IS T L E S
/ \
\
LOWER
M E S E P IM E R A L
S T E R N O P L E U R A L B R IS T L E S / B R IS T L E S

pu b l i c h e a l t h se r v i ce , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia* 1960
• 148
M O SQ U ITO E S : P IC T O R IA L K E Y TO U N IT E D S T A T E S G E N E R A OF A D U L T S ( F E M A L E )
Harry D. P ra tt and C h e s te r J. S to jan o vich
I-------------------------------------------------------------------- I
palp .is long .is proboscis U.S. DEPARTMENT O f HEALTH, EDUCATION. AMD WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH Sf BVI CI . Canoni<nicabl* Dil*a>> C*n' *i
P J ^P ™UC' h shorter than probosCI!)
Aflonfo, G* ffgia .
IW3
^ ^ 1 - —‘ *
paip *pr:hoscis
I n o p h eles
proboscis scout on basal half, outer ha t proboscis slender and never curved downward
tapered and stronglv turned cluwrwarc:
Toxorfi yneh ites

Form<-rI> Megurhinus
I------------
ahdomin.il stales dark dorsallv an'.I abdominal cergices with rule hands or
pale \cntral|v, postnoium with s.tae lateral spots; postnoium w thout setae
' ..... , . dj-2*4

II y i’o m y i a '
I-------------------
wing with second marginal ccI. wing with second maignal cell
less ihan half .is long as its petiole at least a.s long as its petiole
I n m o tu e n iit
ah.Ionicn himu abdomen potnie

WTJf
^ jU It
I
1 I 1
base of suhcosta with row siihcost.i without row dorsal segments of abdomen dorsal segments of abdomen
of bristles on undei side of b-|-,tks on under with pale scales apically. with pale scales b,i\allv.
or it ahsc111, hind (ihia brnd tibii without erect stales
with long, erect scales
"U
%
"■"„ill %///
I
antenna not longer than proin.se antenna niuih onger than probosei mesonot uni with fine iongitudinaI ticvonouim without
first flagellar 'e^nient about . first flagc 1-ir ngnieiu as long lines of white scales lines of white scales
long as following segment' .tv iu\ i (wo segments
■*- r * -r < « <

C.ul ex H em overlies ()rth o p o d o m \ia Ma n .s
M O SQ IT T O E S: P IC T O R i U . KEY I O S O M E C O:\1\M >:\ A D I L I S ( E E M A L E ) O E T H E I N I l I D S T A T E S
IIarr> D. P r a tt and Chester J. S to ja u o v ic h
" 1n S *■1£- f • P j | P '
/*"*
i.
ii.
ì i i t ' j i i i i i t ' ' «¡ mul i i m a i ì i i / i t u* i i. a *
1-l,<y r ii i
i n>>/<h <■I i‘s f r ;\ M>1LK. \
«
J.JU , h.;. -ni i ci j I ii , i .:,]U .i.-'.l,,ni i n j I
j :i .Is H '-h.ifK d jn. li r;111 tì i h j Jh ■I
X S^ ~ S ii
.inophelex ¡mnctipcnnis Anophfles franetscanus Ariaph Irs />.'<-udapunctipemim
I | nOI . THV< f S T h R N I !' C«l ' f H ( l VH- i Al [ - ,
: r. 11r - • «. ■i lì J j r k
m
*?
* ni; m j Io j l n i ml j 11 ij i r k
.ik i i n J u r xnp
m ii* * eszss*
U llÙ lllì 3:-:É O T
i ei l cs t u f ì i u>r i n ne hit*
.hJ<.i.,rij .ii:|rh1 ,i:i,,---

n,sh.- r ' f ■ * H' t c .
■I hiiut
h i l o m r n w u h n>un. k<l p j l c :>i i h.I-. uh hiiu^ li r n u <i diiil o i - r i ;
,, r ,l- r;ng
c h o r j x u i i h n . i t >[.n ,h - r-1-'
Culex pipiens (Northirn r si

c J<(/>> M ilìifita n
E
. I <'(i< s n ia ro m a cu lis
¡ex quinquejasciatns ('>>1mm\ i { ul t ' x r es i nat i * < Ulc X ’r i i . I/' I • (!<■» i il li II <1‘ iM 'IIKN I si
MOSQUI TOES: P I C T O R I A L K E Y TO SOME A D U L T S ( F E M A L E ) IN E A S T E R N U N IT E D S T A T E S
Harry D. Pr att and C h e st e r J . S toj ano vi ch
•
1
150
u n d r ar s us r n n r c l s dar k hi n d t a r s us w i t h p a l e b a n d i
proboscis entirely dirk probosm w j i h , pa }r ba n d
ANOPHELINES
w i n g scal es pa l e a n d d a r k ; w m g scales all da r k:

»mg scal es pa l e a nd da r k;
. pa l e s p o t s o n front ma r g i n o f » m g »mg »uh 4 da r k spot s
p a l e s p o t at t i p o f w i n g
iS I»»»»'»*""
Anopheles crucians Anopheles puncttpcnnis Anopheles quadrimaculatus
,
a b d o me n bl u n t a b d o me n p o i n t e d
a b d o m e n w i t h b r o a d pa l e bart’ds i bdomen u n h na r r ow pair bands p a l e me d i a n s t r i pe on t hor a x d a r k me d i a n s t r i pe un t hor a x
Culrx restuans
Culfx p\p<ens Cw/fx sahnanus A(Jes tormenti
Culex ¿juinquefasciaius Culrx n.tgnpalpus AeJes o11an!iC' Aedes I
t r i 5f rI : J h i AeJes Aedes canadensis Aedes ■>o//jcItans Aedes taeniorhynchus
MOSQUITOES: PICTORIAL KEY TO SOME C O M M O N ADULTS (I EMALE) OF WESTERN UNITED STATES
Harrv D. Pratt and Chester J. Stojanovich
1
w in g s p o tte d ; p a lp s lo n g e r th a n p r o b o s c is I i DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, gOUCATION. AMD WEl FAi E w in g d e a r ; p a lp s s h o r te r th a n p r o b o s c is
PJIL1C HEALTH I f «»1C«. C MM i c t h l t O l l H l l C m m
Alin»«, &«•<*'•
I
abdom en b iu u abdom en p o in t e d
A n o p h e le s p u n c t i p e n n i s A n o p h eles freeb o rn i
t---------------
p r o b o s c is w it h p a le band ■ p ro b o s c is w it h o u t p a le band
I-------------
hind tarsus entirely dark h in d ta r s u s w it h p a le bands
m*m^ ^ " In*
f 'I A e d e s sticticus
n a rro w p a le lin e on m i d d le of u n d e r s id e o f h in d fe m u r p a le ,------------------
b in d fe m u r and o fte n on t ib ia hind tarsus with pale bands h in d ta r s u s w it h p a le bands
at both ends of some segments a t base o f s e g m e n ts
Li
C ulex ta r sa lis C ulex p e u s

“1---------
w in g s p o tte d v in g not s p o tte d w in g w ith a n a l v e in m o re w in g w ith a n a l v e in m o re
th a n o n e -h a lf d a r k s c a le d th a n o n e - h a l f p a le s c a le d
C uliseta in cid ens

abdom en w it h o u t d e f in it e bands a b d o m e n w ith
-J
b ro a d p a le bands
A e d e s m e la n im o n
m id d le
I-------------------
a b d o m in a l b a n d s B -s h a p c d
A e d e s d orsalis
abdom en w it h p a le m e d ia n s t r ip e
r~
$*v-. S' m& ^
<i ^ *
151 •
C uliseta in orn ata Culex p ip i e n s A e d e s vexa ns A e d e s n ig r o m a c u l is
• 152
M O S Q U IT O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O SOME A D U L T S
C O M M O N L Y A S S O C IA T E D W IT H A E D E S A E G Y P T 1
Harry D. P ra tt and C h e s t e r J. S to ja n o v ic h
p r o b o s c is c u r v e d , l a r g e m o s q u
PROBOSCiS S TR A IG H T, SMALLER M O S Q U IT O
i
I 7 h BÍ I . L AN T o Ä EI N ! S H TO 0 U RP L I 5 r U S U A L L < W I T H 8 I A C *; IS A OR BROWNISH CO LOR
7oxorl’yyiihiU
M IN D TARSI WITH PA i. i BANDS H IN D TARSI W ir h C J T PALE BANDS
M E S O N O T U M WITH ./R E -S H A P E D 'O N O T U M A i ! H O i U , B R O A D , M E S O N O T U M WITH PARALLEL

M A R K IN G , H IN D TARSI WITH ' I K' S iR iP E , h i n d TA J S I WITH LCNES, H IN D TARSI WITH PALE
PALE BASAL BANDS - L c E A SA I AND APIC BASAL A N D A P IC A L BANDS
i j II
AeJes iieiiypti Aedes (itropalpus Orthopodomym species
SCUTELLUM S AD D LE -S H A P E D , A BD O M EN S C U T E L IU M TR I-tC 'B E O , A BD O M EN WITH
W ITH O U T SCALES OR PALE BANDS SCALES A N D US UA LL'- WITH PALE BANDS
1------------- 1 - I
M E S O N O T U M WITH 3ROAD M E S O N O T U M WITH TWO M E S O N O T U M ALM O S T M E S O N O T U M A LM OST M E S O N O T U M A LM O S T
DARK M E D IA N STRIPE PALE SPOTS A N 0 FINE U N IF O R M , SCALES COARSE U N IF O R M , SCALES FINE U N IF O R M , SCALES FINE
AB D O M E N P O IN T ED IOPPERY SCALES, A BD O M EN A N D BRASSY; A B D O M E N A N D COPPERY, A B D O M E N AND COPPERY; A BD O M EN
BLUNT WITH BASAL PALE BLUNT WITH PALE BASAL BLUNT WITH BASAL PALE BLUNT WITH A P IC A L
BANDS ALMOST STRAIG HT BANDS RO UNDED BANDS NARROW PALE BANDS
Aedes triseruitus Culex resinan; í.ulex ¿¡uinquefasaatus Culex salirtiirius Culex terntans
. — , ,
W IN G U N IF O R M L Y DARK W IN G DARK WITH FOUR W IN G WITH PATCHES OF
W E L L-D E F IN E D DARK SPOTS DARK AND PALE SCALES
Anopheles barben Anopheles quadrimacuhitun Anopheles punctipennis

p u b l i c h e a l t h s er vi c e . Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, AtI
anta, Georgia- 1962
i 52 »
M O S Q U IT O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O A D U L T F E M A L E A N O P H E L I N E S O F U N I T E D S T A T E S
Rich ard H. Daggy
w ing s with o r e o s cf wi K 5 e n t i r e l y
w h it e or y e l b w s c a l e s d.ir\ - sc ale d
wings spotted more or

less distinctly by c l u m p
ing of d a r k sc ales
/
CRUCIANS th or aci c bristles long thoracic bristles ror r a l /
GEORGIANUS - o o o u t on e-t h ir d the - sh o rter than one-'îrd
BRADLEY! w id th of th or ax t h e w i dt h of t h o r a x
/
Some s p e c i m e n s of
T h e s e thr ee specie s ore
indistinguishable as a d u lt s
afropos hav e faintly
s p o t t e d wings. T h e s e
See ' P i c t o r i a l K ey to
a r e d is t in gu is he d f rom
Anopheline L a r v a e " for
o t h e r a n o p h e l i n e s by
separation m that sta g e
t h e a b s e n c e of light
knee spots.
ATROPOS
(Atlantic a nd
Guff C o a s ts '
(Pacific Coast)
EARLE/
(Northern U. S
East of Rockies)
W e s t of t he Ro c ki e s f a s t of the
(102° W Longitude) Rockies
U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F
L T H , E D U C A T I O N , A N D W E L F A R E
PSEUDOFJ NO7iPENA'IS FRANCISCANOS têse t-wo specif's are ■nais11nguis^n;■.e as aauits

ïSru thwester' j 5) ¡ Sc - u ^ cen'rai and (_ o m m u n i c o d i e D i s e a s e
T r a in in g b r a n c h
C e n te r FREEÔORNI QUADR!MACULATUS
(Wesier i J. S ' (Eastern U.5i
A tla n ta , Georg.-a — 1 9 4 5
R e v i s e d Sept. i95 i, M ay 1 9 5 3
• 154
M O SQ U ITO E S : P IC T O R IA L K E Y T O U N IT E D S T A T E S G E N E R A
B A S E D ON M A L E G E N I T A L I A
PART I
C h e s te r J. S to ja n o v ich
basist\le about equal in length to dististvle basistvle usually much shorter than dististvle.
and with 1*2 stout setae near base without 1-2 stout setae near base
CLASPETTE
DI S TAL L OBE
BASISTYLE
- - _ _ DISTAL LOBE
BASISISTXLE
S E E P A R T II S E C T I O N I
p u b l i c h e a l t h se r v i ce , Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1964
155#
P A R T II
P A R T II S E C T I O N I |
di.-tistvle not slender but variously shaped as shown below dististyle slender exceptions being
Aedes cinereus with dististyle furcate at base and
Psorophora A edes
r P A R T II S E C T I O N II
tenth sternite erowned with teeth or tuft of spines
1
tenth sternite simple or with few teeth
BASIS!
* 156
P A R T III
dististvle greatlv modified at apex dististyle not greatly modified at apex
Wyeomyia
claw of dististyle comb-like claw of dististyle not iomb-like
___ .CLAW
Orthopodomyia S E E P A R T IV
157»
PART IV
i)| eion>'atcd claw or' disiistvie short
banal lobe long and slender, if not long bearing a rod-like seta basal lobe not long and blender and without rod-like seta
• 158
M O S Q U IT O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O M O S T A D U L T S ( F E M A L E ) O F N EW M E X I C O
PART I
C h e s t e r J. S to ja n o v ic h
pa j» Um« a» proboscis palp* much »hörter than proboscis
V PjlP 'p r o buo s c i s
mg iiJlti a 11 d a r k and with 4 dark spots ving scales pale and dark wing with second wing with second
marginal cell less thjn hai ’ . irgin.il cell at k ’a s t
as I t >ng .is i t s petiole long .ib i t s petiole
tnopheles freeborni 1) r a n o t a e n i a n v n th e ta
I-------
pa Ip 11 n b a n d r d | i -I I f> 1 ' l’ l> M ark |i a I |i li|>|,i',l »ill, while abdomen
r~—pointed abdomen blmu
''«_ Ì*"'a *^n. 1 ». S i b i l a ,

. / m u tin ie s p a n c lip c n n is A n o p h e le s f r a n c i'ic a iiu s A n o p h e le s p s e u d o p u n c l i p e r m is $EK \* \ K T 11
esonoti.ni without I i i h, < o t whn*' stale's
Orlhttpodonivia alba
b. l -t' 0 t Ml l ) l o s t .1 » H l> base o: M' b.ust.i without row
Ut bri'iks on under s ol bri st l e- « on u n d l ’r side
i11ß3potted w 1
11 i> 11 <I r S p o t t e d
hind tarsus with pale bands hind tai'iis entirely dark
Culisela incident Culiseta inornata

r
o lio s e i s b u n d e d iiboM'i- noi h il il d e <1
u li *1« m c i \ will» ftUdou-tìo with

n a rro w p.ilc band b road p m c bands
Culex thriambus
II O t 11 III III- O M II 111es011o111ni mesonolum with mesonotumwithout
1 brownish red 2 pale spots 2 pale spots
femora and tibia with narrow femora and libia without
white line of scales narrow white line of scales
Culex Culex Culex

Culex torsalis Culex peus erythrothorax restuans quinquefasciatus

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. Communicable Diseose Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1964
159»
P A R T II
dor-al -egnieiit« of abdom en wiih p a o *c ; - U- s apieallv.

dorsal - e j i t u -t*n t -s o f ahdomen will) pale scale- basal
or if a h se n I. hind 1 1h i a wilh f ori ci e re «t »c a Ie »
hind tibia without erccl -cales
h ind tarsu- o n l i r e Iv d a rk h ind t;u -u s with pufc U it it ii >
w i 11 g scales m ixed ♦ing scales

1
m o s t Iv dark
<1 a r k an(j while
hind fem ur without
hind f *■m ti r with w hite ring at apex
while r i 111; at apex
r
un e s o n o t u m with m cso no t uni without
2 b ro ad w h i t <* - I) r o a d w h i t <■
'V s I r i p «• s at middle s t r i p « “s at m iddIe
*fs ■V.
hind lei's with hind legs without
Inni» ereel -.rale* long erect »rale!«
Aedes trivitattus
wing sca1---------
Ie* «lark w 1111; s c a l e * - hi c o l o reti
Psorophora ciliata Psorophora 1cyanescens r*

ng *cal «- ! s with areas of
dark and -Ini, ♦■hi t «“ a m l «lark scales
„ •a^ g^ B S S S g^ S S ^ p»n„tUs A*-des span

,ars,,h *"h **a1v '■an■*' hiii«I Iav-u> v.11li jv¡11f
, v< J -¿ft al holh ends of som e -egm ent Iia11d- al ha-e of -.-meni
.¿r ^00i jjp
Psorophora conjinnis
vilhoril p.ite hand p r o h o - e i -, w i I li pai«' Ik i i k I
fringe «i f wing unii
1#'^ ’ , v,r;' ■
"-::« sr' Jt? ^ ^
■
- *■■■■„«**. sw'
Vsorophorti ‘iist nlor Vsorophora \ iîiipfmi f.s ahd«>ni>u with a aliilmnni w ithout a
pale i r e ili a n stripe pale m ed ian strip e

I
,. i „ S I, .
/M r I I
s m idd le alvdonnnal uu<ldle uhtlumittui
A(’(ics taeniorhynchns
Xa, % hands K - h a p e d h a n d - noi B-shaprd
“1
“I win» -calcs jmle i- -< a l e
wing with a n a1 vein more wing with J ti a I vein more arid d a k i 111 e r i n i \ e<l si \\ «lark
than one-half dark scaled than one-halt p.-le sealed
Aedeis vexans
a h d o m <11
r ------
with p a Ie a h d o i n «■ti w i t h o 11 t
f V>%
. m e d i a 11 - t r i p c p a Ie mi e d i a 11 - t r i p <■ Aedca mitchellur
O :* & '4F 'J?- "1
Aedcs ineia11inion t (’de* dorsalis i? ♦ - ahdoni
yellowish,
lal
first
strip«.*
seg m en t
a h d o m in al
w hite, first
slripe
seg m en t
ol hin.i tarsus with of h ind tarsus w ithout
ha-e of eo-ta ha-< of «osta Aedes nigromaculis m e d ian pale ring m ed ian pale ring
iIh white -caie» with dark -vai«* j ♦ ISq *OB.
# hasal half of hind femur hasaI half of hind femur « **= ***** ««»• «tS®
y pale sealed »'<»1 e n t i r e l y pale scaled ^
; W'" .. ♦ ^ is B a a k » * « ^ It* .*
"'v
"il1 I
Aedes alropalpus Aedes canadensis Aedes zoosophus Aedes increpitus Aedes sollicitans Aedes nigromaculis
• 160
M O S Q U I T O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y TO SOME C OM M ON A D U L T S ( F E M A L E ) O F I D A H O
C h e s te r J. Stojanovich
— 1
r --
palpi as lon£ a» proboscis palp« much shorter than proboscis
A n o p h e l e s j r e e b o rni
1
abJomcn blunt abdomen pointed
hind tarsus intirclv dark hind tarsus wkh pale bands
A ed es cin ereus
hind tarsus with pale bands hind tarsus with pale bands
at both ends of some segments at base of segments
f! * i i4 _i i i
* i
proboscis not bunded

>aI<• und dark scales at base of co9ta
< k-
A e d e s d orsalis A e d e s c a n a d e n sis A e d e s nigrom aculi.
middle abdominal bands B-shaped middle abdominal bands not B-shaped
A eden
I
ibdomen with a pale median stripe abd&'nt-n without a pale median »tripe
A e d e s n ig r o m a c u lis ±
I------
1 tarsal claws I and II tarsal claws I and II
proboscis with pale band proboscis without pale band with parallel teeth with divergent teeth
A e d e s excrucia ns
dorsal surface of torus dorsal surface of torus

with white scales without white scales
wing spotted wing not spotted
zr-
A edes f i t c h i A e d e s in crep itu s

Culiseta incidens Culiseta inornata
PJBLlC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia — 1964
Ibi»
M O S Q U IT O E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O A L L A D U L T S ( F E M A L E ) O F T E X A S
PART I
C he s ter J. Stojanovich
palp* a«* lung a* probo* palp>* much «horter than proboscis

,-~r
^ '
**v J. ilp
p:«hosci
-------- j
proboscis s-out on basa] h. tlf, proboscis 'lender
wing s c j Ics pale and dark
and str o n g turned downward n o c r curved Jownwa
^ ...
I ---- 1 wing with second

w i ii ¡i n o ! s po 11t d *mg spotted margini! teli less than b
.i1) l o n g .is 11s p e t i o l e
f ................1
llm r.t.ii bristle* Ion" tborac <• brilli«" short hind tursi with bind tarsi e>
bronci while bands
*'
-.V.
I riimilaeniu lotvii . ... J
Anopheles barberi .(fKi|i/i('/<s airojxis m c s o n o 1n i n w ì | >1 n i . ' d i a r i -trip«' i n e » o n o t ii i n w ithout medi
l.allt i- knob* p;il< -<!-;d

------------------------------- ol iiidcs< f ill b Iu e seal.'- *» | ‘ i i m * o f ¡rid i'c cn t bine »>•;
i'd. palp* b;iudcd baiter knobs dark, pulps u«ib;mded
Iranotaenia sapphirina l■ranolaenia nnhvdor svntheta

U/A ^ -----------V i---------------------:------:-------
ibdomcri poiruee
inoftheIes (juadrimaeulatut
Anopheles waikeri Anopheles freeborni
SEE PART III
I.mmI .„Inrh dark hind tjrsi not entirely dark
bjsc of suheost,i u11liok h, i s< r) i \ u h e o \ i .i \\ i ( ii row
of briniti on under >i ■i <
of bristles on under M
ile
in o p h e le s a lb irn a riiL s
•M
two pale areas on iron) margin of i
SEE P\RT II
r
"-'I ...... i
, ^ ^ *
■ i::: • ■: r' 1 ■ì,,j'!'*:ìiiìS!!|iis;ì
Anofthele* itmiwin
Anopheles hrudle\i V '
I----------- :--------- 1-------------------
palp u n ft u u d *• d palp tipped * U b black palp tipped v»itb white (,uhteta incident
r
i
\
inopheles Anopheles Anopheles

punctipenni. Jrancitcuniix pteudopunetipennis Cuiiseta inornaia (.uliseta melamira
U. S . D E P A R T M E N T OF H E A L T H , E D U C A T I O N . AND W E L F A R E
3
■jij l i C h e a l t h S E R V I C E , C o n n u r i c a b i e Di s e as e Center, Trai ni ng Branch, Atl ant a, Georgi a - 1964
• 162
PART II
Hing scales narrow or

I
if b r o a d nfvfr mixed l>ro*n and white wing scales broad, mixed brow- and while
m )
1 mcsonorumwith fine longitudinal mesonotumwithout

antenna nut longer than proboscis antenna longer than proboscis
lines of white scales lines of white scales
Orthopodomyia alba
! Orthtìpodomyia signifera
small species,
segment
first
about
antennal
twice
large species,
segment al
firsl
least
antennal
3 times hind tibia

r
with a pale band hind tibia without a pale band
as long as s e c o n d as long as s e co n d
_ . -
Deinocerites mathesoni Deinocerites pseudes Mansonia perturban Mansonia titillons
------------- T" ----------------------------------------------------- — I
htnd tarsus with pale bands hind tarsus entirely d-rfc
proboscis not b a nded wing scales narrow
m -r Culex erraticus
Culex pilosus
Culex peeeator
fe m o r a a n d tibia with n a rro w fem ora and tibia w ithout
Culex abominator
« hite line of scales n a rro w white line of scales r
a b d o m en with while scales a b d o m e n with white seules
at a pe x o f se g m en t * a t b u s e o f s e g m e nt' '
Culex tarsalis Culex peus

venter with
r
triangular markings venter withcut triangular markings
entrul pale stripe of hind ventral pale stripe of hind
lemur reaching apex lemur not reaching apex
-,
HZTTD Culex territans Culex apicalis
Culex thriambus p.iL lu m i .
5th segment of hind tarsus .”> l h se gment of hind tarsus
white ha»allv and apieallv white hasallv

ju
r --------------
Culex coronator Cultx lirgultus
abdominal r Culex erythrothorax
bands narrowed laterali' abdominal bands not narrowed laleralls
pleura
r
with white scales pleura without white scales
C-V
Culex quinquéj asciatus
I------------------------- Culex nigipalpus
m t i o n o l u m with 2 pale spots m e sonotum w ithout 2 pale spots
I
bands yellow, venter Yel low narrow bands white, venter white
Culex restuans Culex interrogator Culex salinarius Culex chidesteri

163»
PART III
1
dorsal M'pniciil' of abdom en with pale »cales apically
dorsal .‘ f p m e n l s of a b d o m e n with pale scales b a s a 11 y
wing scales m ixed da rk and white

w in g sca le» m o s tly d a r k
hind fem ur with while ring at apex
h in d f e m u r w it h o u t
w h it e r i n g a t a p e x
H a e m o g o g u s e q u in u s
r
wing uniformly speckled wing with dellnite areas

with «lark and white »r ule« of white and dork «cales
hind tarsus with pa e hind tarsus with pule hand»
bands at base of segment* at both end« of »»me segment'
—* -, * *
/‘.korophora confinnis
fringe of wing uniform in color fringe of wing with dark and pale sc ale*
Psorophora discolor Psorophora signipennis '-"»««mm

Ai’<h's atropalpus Aedes canadensis
lil.nl t ;i f » ¿1 I » . - i n . lin'd tar».il »cgm.nl-
. ni..»•!%dark (Mil cntirel» lllll'k
i--------------
in g scales ev en ly m ix e d in g sc ale - not
/A- _
Psorophora cyanescens Aedes campestris Aedes dorsalis
i------------ 1
hind leg* with long erecl se a. h ind legs w ith o u t long erect siales
rnesonotum wilh a median »Iripe rnesonotum without a median hind tarsu»

r
without both s eg men t' « hind lar«iis with both segments
of golden scales, tarsi b a n d *d stripe of golden scales, I am) *> w h i t e »caled 1 and i> w h i l e scaled
tarsi unhanded ♦*
mesonolum
r wilh mixed rnesonotum with a median
dark and pale scales stripe of dark scale*
Psorophora ciliata Psorophora tumardi

i ; i
r>tV» s e g m e n t
tlh
of h i n d
segment
tar»us
while
dark. segment
tth segment
of hind
mostly
tarsus white,
dark
Psorophora jrrox
v* 11h pale knee
I spots, palps Io s without pale knee
Ispots, palp» more
lhd;i one-third as long as proboscis than one-third as long as proboscis
-sJP*»
Psorophora varipes Psorophora mexicatia Psorophora horrida Psorophora longipalpu*
• 164
P A R T IV
abdominal segments without dorsal ahdorniM

ül segment.' with dormii
white band» or median triangular spot* PART IV SECTION I white bands rtedian tr ia it iar
or u» s i mi
I M' MI I I Ol II ITI W l l h mi « - III' | W<1 * l r ì | M ' - nit-orioltirii

1
without stripes of abdomen
r
with basai abdomen wjth basal
*liilc m;ir- near or al ih*- umidir white sial»'« near middle- triangular patvhr* while Ua ml s .
otum with 2 broad white m cnonotum without 2 broad white

stripes at m iddle r ipes al m iddI
niewonotumwith median 'tripe inarginrd wilh median slrine

I'omitiiiii
wilh while or silver* whit»1seale* nargined with golden sealr»
Aedes thibaulti
iih wilh dark median
' o i i o H iiii m "I dark median
i)Minotumwith
tripe reaching anterior mar" stripe noi reaching anterior margin
Aedes triseriatus Aedes hendersoni

p r o b o .s e is w i t h p a li band
a h d o 'n e n w ith o u t a
p ale m e d ia n strip e
¡¡3JS
A edes tn e n io r h y n e h u s
1
ng seales m o stly dark
id d le a b d o m in a l b ands B -sh a p ed m id d le abd< m i n a i b a n d s not B -sh ap ed

Aedes mitchellae
1
a b d o m in al s trip e y ellow ish, a b d o m in a l s trip e white,
first se g m e n t ot h ind first s e g m e n t h in d of
Aedes vexnns rsu s with m e d ia n pale rin g ta rs u s w ith o u t m e d ia n pale rin g
I-------------------------------- ♦ ~r '
a b d o m e n w ith pale m e d ia n s trip e a b d o m e n w ith o u t pa le m e d ia n s trip e
Aedes mgromacuhs Aedes zoosophus Aedes sollicitant Aedes nigromaeulis

165»
}UITOt-:S: P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O SOME C OM M ON A D U L T S ( F E M A L E ) O F U T A H
PART I
C h e s te r J. Stojanovich
’ MU .!•' prnhc
palp m uih sluiriir til.in prob.
probo
w ;ng scale' p.ilc and .i.‘ r k ving scalo all dark and wich 4 dark spots
i tt o f > I n 11<\s ( r a n < is< a n u s i n o p h t ’ U 's jre e fxtrn i
.1licioni>
.il hiilhi
Aedes
SKK I* AIM II
i
h..se of' suhi.ost.1 witli base oi sulnosia without ro
of hrist Ics on under > of bristles on under suit-
%//%
/;
1
V(H” ll(»t !»|)I»t1I-(I proboscis w ithout pale band proboscis w ith paie band
»
<k%
'h
(.alisela ineidens Cuiex tarsaUs

1
,1,-. en I i I <• i % dark will" «calf- mixed dark and altdoni i-mv.iIli abdoini h m11 h
hhiI<■on ro>l ¡1 and >uh«o>ta li nrrow |>aIr I)and- broad nah- IkiihI-
£»ii /-:•i)
Calisela inumata Cai is efa imf)atieus
Culex e ry ih ro th o r a x Culex sa lina rius

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Co;rmijnicabIe Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - 1964
sninopnxàìf sdp >y xnitido~iì[Js sapay sapty sn11 <l,tj j il i sapa y
sj|r?.>s \t?Jíí IjSjtUOJII .10

V -stf.
« «> J B .) 5 MU*' « ¡ , >| R. >s j II (> i| 1 ¡ h
l | « I M ° I I <) \ IJ J I H IU II J O II o s a tu m u o i jo . ».M j . n i » »njoi jn |ir»j(*j>
, ». > i ; | j i i >
L i
smuaiuax.i sapa y
ÄkOHÄSW
•" r<S^r.“VìBfcèrcca^r. ï ’-;,- T
V^l» »Ii'i.iiîj i»h11| » j) mr

i| .» I ir il I|l!« SI 1S. IH4 f» h ! ij
II AHVd
991 •
CA T FLEA - CTENOCEPHALIDES FELIS
a d u lt fe m a le
fnetepimeron .
. , . , (5uppla.ntir\§ a b d o m i n a l s te rn ite l)
abdom inal v
1e r g i t e s / N \
m e ta th o ra x pronotal comb
s p ira c le s / — ^ \ \ m e s o t h o r « / (ctaiM*)
\\ \ / ^yronotum
\
anTep yg id iaJ x \ / ^v er ti ca l.G o d l i k e
s c le ro tiz a lio ri
b ristle \ — o c c ip ita l r e g io n
frontal-epicranial
o ro o v e
I 1? ? !!' dermal Pit
p yg id tu m -ocular bristle
eye
'geha
v x \ f r o n focena)
£epal ç o m b angle
^ (deoida)
\ \ V a n te nn a
Y o an t e n n a ! g r o o v e
v \\ '^
\y' <
N ’Y ia.xlUary pa lp us
\ ^ \ Hàbiai pklpus
V ' \ x*sïterriopleura
\ \ \ \ .
receptaculum/ \ \ \ 'Tnesosternom
s e m i n is m e sep/sternum
— mesepimeron
--metasternum
'r^ la -te ra i p la n ta r b risile s

„^.ungues
cr>
1a!rsus
-v!
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATI ON, AND WELFARE, public health service, Commun¡cable Disease Center, Training Branch,Atlanta,Georgia
• 168
FLEA DIAGRAM - WITH STRUCTURES L A B E L E D

Ha r r y D. Pratt
H EAD TH O R A X ABDOMEN
I
Pronotal
comb ^ /T e rg ite
Antenna /
Antepygidial
_
Eye b ris tle s

Ocular b ristle
Pygidium
G enal comb
M a x illa ry palpus
Labial palpus
Mesopleuron
Coxa Sperm atheca
Trochanter Stern ite
Femur
Tibia
Tarsus
Plantar bristles
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, ANDWELFARE

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia
FL EA S: PICTORIAL K E Y T O S O M E C O M M O N S P E C I E S IN T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S
H a r r y D. P r a t t
Genal and pronotoi Pronotal comb Genal and pronotaI
combs present present comb« absent
-Pronofol comb
Genal comb-
ênoi como of 3 or more Geno» comb of 4 spines Labial palps not ex Labial palps ex Front margin of Front margin of
spine*. Eye present Eye absent tending beyond tro tending beyond tro need rounded head angular
chanter of first leg chanter of first leg Thorax normal Thorax conlracted
Trochanter
'Labial polp
Genol comb MOUSE FLEA GROUND SQUIRREL FLEA

horizontal LapiapsyHo Diamanus
Spines pointed segnts montonus
RABBIT FLEA
Cédiopsyllo
simplex Segment 5 of Segment 5of hind Mesopleuron not Mesopleurondivided
hindtarsuswith tarsus withI pair divided byvertical byvertical rodlike
5pairs lateroi ventral (bosal) and thickening thickening
planter bristles 4 pairs lateral
Head lengthless H«a<J length plantar bristles
thon twice height twice height
Spine1of genoi Spin« iand spine

comb distinctly □ of genal comb
shorter than approximately Ocular bristle in Oculor bristle inserted
spineIX equal inlength serted beloweye infront of eye
DOG FLEA CAT FLEA NORTHERNRATFLEA SQUIRRELFLEA HUMANFLEA
1 6 9»
ORIENTALRATFLEA
Ctenocephahdes CtenocephoHdes Nosopsyllus Orchopeas Pu/ex Xenopsylla
can/s fe/ia fosciatus howordii irritons cheopis
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, ht àLTh SERVICE, Communicable Disease center, Training Branch, At ianta,Georgia —1956
F L E A S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O S P E C I E S F O U N D O N D O M E S T I C R A T S IN S O U T H E R N U N I T E D S T A T E S
Slightly revised April 1947
By Roy F Fritz and Harry D Pratt
Genal, pronotal and Genal and pronotal Pronotal comb No combs
abdominal combs present combs present present present
STENOPONIA
AMERICANA
I
I row of bristles 2 rows of bristles Thorax normal Thorax contracted
on typical abdomi on typical abdomi Front margin of Front margin of
Genal comb of five or more Genal comb of two to four nal segment nal segment head rounded head angular
spines Eye present. spines. Eye absent or reduced.
\
ECHWNOPHAGA
GALLINACEA
Labial palps not ex Labial palps ex Irow of bristles 2 rows of bristles
Genal comb Genal comb Genal comb Genal comb Genal comb tending beyond tro tending beyond on typical ab on typical abdomi
horizontal vertical with 4 spines with 3 spines with 2 spines chanter of first pair trochanter of first dominal segment nal segment
Spines pointed Spines blunt of legs pair of legs
sf I
TROCHANTER LABIAL PALP
I
Head length not Head length Segment 5 of Segment 5 of hind Mesopleuron not Mesopleuron
twice width twice width hind tarsi with tarsi with I pair divided by vertical by vertical
5 pairs lateral ventral (basal) and sclerotization. sclerotization.
I plantar bristles 4 pairs lateral
plantar bristles
I bPtKMATHECA
Spine I of genal Spine I and spine

¿A
comb distinctly H of genal comb
shorter than approximately equal Ocular bristle in Ocular bristle insert
spine H in length serted below eye ed in front of eye
CTENOCEPHALIDES CTENOCEPHALIDES ■MOSOPSYLLUS ORCHOPEAS PULEX XENOPSYLLA
CANIS FELIS FASC¡ATUS HOWARDU IRRITANS CHEOP/S
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATI ON, ANDWELFARE, PUBLIC health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, At1anta, Georgi
171 •
i- t ILLUSTRATED KEY TO SPECIES F O U N D DURING PLAGUE INVESTIGATIONS

H a rr y D. Pratt a n d C h e s t e r J. Stoj an ov ic h
1. Pronotal and genal combs absent (Fig. 1 A ) ...................................... 2
Pronotal combs present; genal comb present or absent (F i g . L B & G)...5
' ! I (V / 8 er-a * c o m b -
pronotal comb
Fig. 1 A Fig. 1 B Fig. 1 C &
2 . Front margin of head with two angles; three thoracic tergites together
shorter than the first ab d o m i n a l tergite (Fig. 2 A). (E c h i d n o p h a g a
g a l l i n a c e a ) .............................................................. S T I C K T I G H T FLEA
Front margin of head rounded; three thoracic tergites together longer

than the first abdominal tergite (Fig. 2 B ) .....................................3
3. Ocular bristle in front of eye; mesopleuron divided by internal sclero

tization; female with spermatheca partially pigmented (F ig . 3 A & B ) ...
......................................................... ( G e n u s X e n o p s y l l a ) ............. 4
Ocular bristle beneath eye; mesopleuron without internal sclerotization;

female with spermatheca entirely without pigment (F i g . 3 C & D ) ..........
(Pqlex i r r i t a n s ) ............................................................. H U M A N FLEA
mesopleuron _
mesopleuron
Fig. 3 A Fig. 3 C

PJBLiC health service, Communicable Disease Canter, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —I960
• 172
X- v e x a b i l is h a w a i i e n s is
X e n o p s y 1 la cheop i s , female terminal segments
173»
5. C- en al comb absent (Fig. 5 A).
Câai -;omb present (Fig. 5 B)
genal /
Fig. 5 B comb'"'
6 . Pronotal comb with about 12 teeth on each side (Fig. 6 A). I n d i a .........
......................................................................... Stivalius ahalae
Pronotal comb with 5 to 10 teeth on each side (Fig. 6 B) .7
Fig. 6 Fig.
7. Labial palpus long, extending beyond trochanter of first leg (Fig. 7 A).
Diamanus m o n t a n u s .................................................... R O C K SQUIRREL FLEA
Labial palpus short, not extending to tip of coxa of first leg (Fig. 7 B).
Nosopsyllus f a s c i a t u s ............................................... N O R T H E R N RAT FLEA
Genal comb with two teeth (Fig. 8 A ) ............................( G e n u s Neopsyl la)
Neopsylla setosa important in U. S. S. R. , M o n g o l i a and Manchuria.
Genal comb with three teeth (Fig. 8 B ) .................. ( G e n u s Ctencphthalmus)

Cterophthalmus breviatus and pollex potential vectors in U. S. S. R.
Genal comb with four teeth (Fig. 8 C ) ........................ ( G e n u s Leptopsylla)

L e p t o p s y 1 la s egnis is cosmopolitan.
Fig. 8 C
Genal comb with more than five t e e t h .................... ( G e n u s Ctenoc.ephal i d e s ) . 9
Head strongly rounded anteriorly; first spine of genal comb about half as
long as second; hind tibia with the spiniform setae A and B (Fig. 9 A & B).
Ctenocephalides c a n i s ............................................................... D O G FLEA
Head not strongly convex anteriorly; first spine of genal comb almost as
long as second spine; hind tibia with spiniform seta B, spiniform seta A
replaced by a minute seta which may be absent in some specimens (Fig. 9 C
& D) . C t e n o c e p h a l ides f e l i s ..................................................... C A T FLEA
n s
SNAKES: PICTORIAL KEY TO VE NOMOUS S P E C I E S IN U N I T E D STATES

P ART I
C h e s t e r J. St oj an ov ic h a n d M a r g a r e t A. P a r s o n s
I--------------------- 1
loreal pit absent, if ringed red and yellow Iorea| pit presenti jf ab8ent
rings always separated by black red and yellow rings touch
red j; yellow
Mirrurus fulvius
TRUE CORAL SNAKE
M. f. fulvius M. f. barbouri M. f. tenere Micruroides euryxanthus
Southeastern Florida Arkansas, Texas ARIZONA CORAL SNAKE
1
tail pointed tail blunt or with rattle
Ag k i st ro do n contortrix Agkistrodon piscivorus

COPPERHEAD W A T E R MOCCASIN
A. c. contortrix A. c. laticinctus A. C‘ mokasen A. c. pictigaster A. p. piscinomi1 A. p. leucostoma
Southeastern Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas Eastern Texas Southeastern ; Southeastern
PUBLIC health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1964, Revised June 1965
• 176
PART H
I
head with larê scales medially head w U h small scales mediallv
------------------ 1 tti l à Ms
tipper prroeulur usually touching postnasa] upper preocular and postnasal separated
Sistrurus catenatus
Sistrurus miliarius
>1A SS AS AI (.A R A T T L ES N A K E
PIGMY R A T T L E S N A K E
.S. c. catenatus S. c. edwardsii
Great Lakes & Central U.S. Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas .S. m. miliarius S. m. barbiwri S. m. streckeri
Southeastern Southeastern Southeastern
S. c. tergeminus
Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
I----------------------- 1 ; ~
supraocular scale mollified into a hornlike ridê jpraocular scale not modified into a hornlike ridge
Crotalus cerastes
S I D E W I N D E R R A T T L E S N \KE
internasal ridge present internassi ridge absent
RIDGE-NOSED R A T T L E S N A K E
C. tc. silus C. tc. willardi
N e w Mexico Arizona,
dorsal blotches on bo dy divided into 2 parallel rows

first supralabial scale broadly attached to postnasal scale dorsal blotches on body not divided into 2 parallel rows
first supralabial scale not broadly attached to
postnasal scale, sometimes completely separated
POSTNASAL
SUPFULABlfcL
SUPRALABIAL
Crotalus pricei
TWIN-SPOTTED RATTLESNAKE Arizona SE E P A R T III
177 •
P A R T III
I------------------- 1
prenasal and rostral usually separated prenasal and rostral attached
Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus

S O U T H W E S T E R N S P E C K L E D R A T T L E S N A K E Arizono, California, Nevada, Utah
upper preocular usually separated vertically, upper preocular usually not separated,
anterior portion raised above posterior portion if separated anterior portion not raised above posterior portion
O '
UPPtR PREOCULAR
C. 1. lepidus C. L klauberi
N e w Mexico, Texas Arizona, Ne w Mexico, Texas
I----------------------
prenatal and supralabial scales with pale stripe prenasal and supralabial scales without pale stripe
Crotalus a d a m a n t e u s
EASTERN D 1 A M O N D B A C K RATTLESNAKE Southeastern
with 2 internasals
WESTERN RATTLESNAKE
C. v. viridis C v. abyssus C. v. cerberus C. v. concolor
West Central U.S. Arizona Arizona Colorado, Utah
C. v. hetteri C. r. lutosus C. v. nuntius C. r. oreganus
Cal fornia Nevada & adjoining states Arizona California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
supraocular scale dhided, pitted or margins uneven supraocular scale not divided, pitted or margins uneven
Crotalus mitchelli stephensi

PANAM1NX RATTLESNAKE California, Nevada
' 178
P A R T IV
' I
tail without distinct rings tail with distinct rin^s
r ~ -------------
anterior frontal urea with larjje scales anterior frontal area with scales
not much larger than posterior scales
Crotalus hórridas
Crotalus molossus C A NE BR AK E O R TIMBER RA TTLESNAKE
C. h. horridus C. h. atricaudatus
B L A C K TAILED R A TT LE SN AK E Southwestern
Eastern Southeaste rn
scale;* between supraocular» usually 2 scales between supraoculars U M ’ally 1, or more
Crotalus tigris
TIGE R R A T T L E S N A K E Arizona
first infralabial scale rarely divided, body color grayish first infralabial scale usually divided, body color pink or red
WE ST ER N DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE Southwestern RED DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE California

179 •
BIRDS: P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O S O M E C O M M O N P E S T SPECIES
OF PUBLIC HE A L T H IMPORTANCE
M a r g a r e t A. P a r s o n s a n d C h e s t e r J. Stojanovich
liill 'liorl hill Ion»
:: '®V
male and Iemale. bod\ plump. tail fan-like hmlv trim, tail not ian-like
C O M M O N PICKON
rnale. t>o«lv black, head brown male, black throat, grev crown
female, overall dull jrrrv color female, whitish throat, dull eve stripe
C O M M O N COWIUKI) HOIJSK S P A R R O W
male, win»: with red 'epaulettes’

win«; without 'epaulettes'
female. broa>t heavily striped, libili eye stripe breast not hea\ilv striped
female ma|e
hi i)-w i m ;k d i j l a c k b i r d
male-, plain bronze or male and Iemale,

dull purple back, tail long winter, bill dark, body heavilv speckled with light dots very large size, coal
females: les* iridescent, smaller si/e spring, bill \ellow, color purple and green black color, tail flat
winter phase summer phase

CRACKLES STARLING CROWS
U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AN D W E L F A R E
p u b l i c h e a l t h SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia - Î964
• 180
PIGEON, CO LU MB A LIVIA - E X T E R N A L M O R P H O L O G Y
H a r o l d G e o r g e Scott a n d W a lt er S. D o u g h e r t y
Crown
Eyelid fringe ■
Skul I back *
Iris
Orbital cere *
\ \ '
Auricular featherss \ \ \ '
Nape---- s
\
Neck blend
Shou Ider
Scapular feathers — — — —
Back region
Tertial feathers — —■ --
■“— — — Crop region
Second wing bar — -““““ *—.«.
Lesser wing coverts
Rump
— Wing butt
F irst wing bar
-— — —- — - Median wing coverts
Secondary remiges — — -
— Sec on dary wing coverts
Primary remiges — —
Dorsal tail coverts”““ ”
Rectrices ”*-- “'C ,

— — Outer toe
_ — - Middle toe
------ Claw
— Inner toe
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUC\ Tl^ eaAsN sDJ nE

,eLrF^ l ingy Branch, Atlanta, Georgic
publ.SC HEALTH SERVICE, Communicable Disease center,
RODENTS: PICTORIAL K E Y TO SOME CO M M O N UNITED.STATES G E N E R A
tail almost naked, scaly •tail almost naked, annul.it ^ t.u! nair\
large l9-17nlong) small (5-7"longJ tail long tail >hort h.nr ^linrt hair long
^
i-vJ
C Sigmodon
fJl' f.OTTUN
RATS
1tail hones longer than 1/2 body '

I
,tail i>ones shorter than 1 2 body •
large (about 16 "long) small (7-9 "long) front feet enlarged front feet not enlarged
Peromyscus Geomys-East
WOOD MilTE-FOOTKD Thoroomys-flest
HATS MICK POCKET GOPHERS
tail tones longer than body tail bones shorter than body *
tail bushy tail not bushy larê (about 15niongi small (about 4 " long) ven large (about 2^Mlong)
Sciurus Dipodtmiys_ Iatma.s-p.ast

THEE K ANGÀHOO hutamias-êst Marnmt i
SQUHHEl.S HATS Clili'Mi' \KS v.oi >ni .hi i;k>
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, PUBLIC health service, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, At Iant a, Georgia —1962
DOMESTIC R O D E N T FIELD IDENTIFICATION
R o b e r t Z. B r o w n
CD
ro
ROOF RAT Ratlus ra ttu s YOUNG RAT
FEET HEAD
\
SMALL
I
SMALL
EYE NOSE
HOUSE MOUSE
M us musculus
NORWAY RAT Ratlus norvegicus

SCALE >N INCHES
0 1 2 3
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATI ON,AND WELFARE,PUBLIC health service. Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1953
183*
DOMESTIC RODENTS AND COCKROACHES. PICTORIAL KEY TO DROPPINGS

length over 1/3-inch* length under 1/4-inch*

rectangular, blun; elongate, pointed
Ratlus norregicus Ratlus ratlus

NORWAY RAT ROOF RAT
•longace, pointed rectangular, blunt ovoid, pointed

with ridges with ridges
without ridges with ridges
length about 1/4-inch length about l/16-inch
Mus mus cuius H ititi-Ila germanica

HOUSE MOUSE GERMAN COCKROACH
length about 1/8-inch length about l/16-inch
Penplanvtd americani! Dlatta or,entails — ORIENTAL COCKROACH 3t

AMERICAN COCKROACH Periplaneta fuligtnosa — SMOKY BROWN COCKROACH
length about 1.
/8-inch length about 1/16-inch length about 1/32-inch
Penplane ta australas¡ai? Penplaneta brunnea Supella supellectihum

AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH BROWN COCKROACH FROWN-BANDED COCKROACH
*A11 characteristics for average, dr/, adult droppings. Study groups, not individual droppings.

• 184
PRAIRIE DOGS: PICTORIAL KEY T O CO MM ON NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES

(C y n o m y s )
Harr y W e i n b u r g h a n d M a r g e r y R. Bororn
Tail wrin e ipped,short. If-; un

I ■' to ta l ,rn gth ; 4'. -R m :i.
£ / ' '♦
j>. <- ■,ÿ'M " '
»St M distjl --.aIt BlarV on tail confine1)to Jista!thu

rtXAS ro sask a mi kwan
*«
% . , i IT ■J MKXICMN PRAIRIE DOG HLACK-TAILKD PRAIRIE DOG ^ J !1 ,
(.. iu d o vt t~I an u s
Terminal half tail white without dark cetu<r Terminal half tail with dark cen:e' (gray)
color Tiixed wirh huff', darker on runp dark patch on cheek and above ;-vc
C.KNTRAL VA1.1. ’iSOF UTAH WYOMING, COLORADO, AND EASTFRN UTAH
L'TAH PRAIRIE DOC WHITE-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG

C . p a n td e n s (.. l e u c u r u s

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, Commun c031e Diseose Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —19£4
185#
R A B B I T S AND H A R E S : P I C T O R I A L K E Y T O COMMON U N I T E D S T A T E S S P E C I E S
H a r o l d G e o r g e S c o t t a n d M a r g e r y R. B o r o m
hinc foot slender hind foot stout

NOTE: Rabbits and hares are lagomorphs, not rodents. The incisor teeth
under 4-1/8 inches long* are used to differentiate these two groups of mammals. over 4-1/8 inches long*
2 rows
Genus Sylvilagus Genus L,epu3
RABBITS RODENT LAGOMORPH HARES
"1
Western I'. S. total length 11-3/4 Southeastern U. S.
total length under to 18-1/4 inches total length over
11-1/2 inches 20 inches •
Sylvilagus idahoensis Sylvilagus aquaticus

PYGMY RABBIT SWAMP RABBIT
Southeastern U. S. total length 6.2 to West Coast of U. S.

total length about 9 7.5 times ear length total length less than 6
times ear length times ear length
Sylvilagus palustris Sylvilagus bachmani

MARSH RABBIT BRUSH RABBIT
total length about 6.2 total length about 6.7 total length about 7.2 total length about 7.5
times ear length times ear length times ear length times ear length
hind feet with short fur hind feet with long fur under tail white _under tail not white
/stripe between ears
Sylvilagus auduboni Sylvilagus nuttalli Sylvilagus floridanus Sylvilagus transitionalis

DESERT COTTONTAIL NUTTALL COTTONTAIL EASTERN COTTONTAIL NEW ENGLAND COTTONTAIL
total length about 6.7 total length about 5.9 total length about 7.4 total length about 4.8
times ear length times ear length times ear length times ear length
tail dark upper foot dark
Lepus americanus Lepus townsendi Lepus europaeus Lepus califomicus

VARYING HARE WHITE-TAIL JACK EUROPEAN HARE BLACK-TAIL JACK
•All measurements for adults.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, ANDWELFARE

^PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —19Ó2
• 186
BATS: PICTORIAL K E Y TO UNITED STATES G E N E R A
H a r o l d G e o r g e Scott a n d C h e s t e r J. S t a j a n o v i c h
I !----------------------------------
short leaf nose long leaf nose pi-dill idee.
rostrum short
Macrotus Choeronycteris Leptonycteris Mormoops

BIG-EAR BATS LEAFNOSE BATS HOGNOSE BATS LONGNOSE BATS LEAF-CHIN BATS
i— 1-------
free tail enclosed tail
i_______
I-----------
deeply wrinkled lips smooth to slightly fur black fur brown or red fur spotted fur not spotted
wrinkled lips silver-tipped silver-tipped not siIver-tipped not silver-tipped
t
Tadarlda Eumops Lasionycteris Lasiurus Euderma
FREE-TAIL BATS MASTIFF BATS SILVER-HAIR BATS RED AND HOARY BATS SPOTTED BATS
I------------- I-----
ears medium-long Co long ears short
I 1 I I
pointed tragus blunt tragus under 4" long over 4" long
brown brown ye 1 low brown
Antrozous Myotis Pipistrellus Idionycteris Nycticeius Dasypterus Eptesicus

PALLID BATS LITTLE BRCWN BATS PIPISTRELLS ALLEN BATS EVENING BATS YELLOW BATS BIG BROWN BATS
PUBLIC health SERVICE, Communicable Disease Center, Training Branch, Atlanta, Georgia —1960 —Revised 1962
187»
SELECTED REFERENCES
GENERAL
M allis A. 1964. Handbook of pest control. MacNair Dorland Co., New York,
1148 pp.
Metcalf, C.L., Flint, W .P., and Metcalf, R.L. 1962. Destructive and useful
insects. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, xii + 1087 pp.
CRUSTACEA
Barnes, R.D. 1963. Invertebrate zoology. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia,

pp. 380-474.
Pennak, R.W. 1953. Fresh water invertebrate of the United States. Ronald
P r e ss, New York, pp. 321-469.
CENTIPEDES
Cloudsley-Thomson, J. 1958. Spiders, scorpions, centipedes and m ites. Permagon

P ress, New York, xii + 228 pp.
Minton, S. 1959. Centipedes. P est Control, 27(3):29.
MILLIPEDES
Chamberlain, R., and Hoffman, R. 1958. A check list of the m illipedes of North
America. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 212, 236 pp.
Halstead, B., and Ryckman, R. 1949. Injuriouseffects from contacts with m illi
pedes. Med. Arts. Sei., 3:16-18.
SPIDERS
Emerton, J.H. 1961. The common spiders of the United States. Dover Pub
lications, Inc., New York City, xx + 227 pp.
Kaston, B .J., and Kaston, E. 1953. How to know the spiders. Wm. C.Brown
Co., Dubuque, vi + 22 pp.
SCORPIONS
Ewing, H.E. 1928. The scorpions of the western part of the United States
with notes on those occurring in Northern Mexico. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.,
73:1-24.
Stahnke, H.L. 1956. Scorpions. Poisonous Animals Research Lab., Arizona

State University, Tempe, 40 pp.
TICKS
Cooley, R.A., and Kohls, G.M. 1944. The Argasidae of North America, Central
America, and Cuba. Amer. Midland Nat., Mono. #1, 152 pp.
Gregson, J.D. 1956. The Ixodoidea of Canada, Canada Dept. Agr., Sci. Serv.,
Publ. 930, 92 pp.
MITES
Baker, E.W., Evans, T.M., Gould, D.J., Hull, W.B., and Keegan, H.L. 1956.
A manual of parasitic m ites of medical or economic importance. Natl.
P est Control Assoc. Tech. Publ., New York, 170 pp.
Hughes, A.M. 1961. The m ites of stored food. H.M. Stationery Off., London,
England, vi + 287 pp.
SILVERFISH
Slabaugh, R.E. 1940. A new thysanuran, and a key to the domestic sp ecies of
Lepismatidae (Thysanura) found in the U.S. Ent. News, 51:95-98.
W omersley, H. 1939. Prim itive insects of South Australia. Handbook Flora

Fauna So. Aust., Adelaide (Government of So. Aust.), 322 pp.
C0LLBM80/.A
Scott, H. G. 1966. Insect P ests - Part I: Springtails. Mod. Maintenance Manage

ment, 18(9):19-21.
Scott, H.G. 1962. Collembola infesting man. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 55(4):
428-430.
189»
COCKROACHES
Roth, L.M ., and W illis, E.R. 1957. The medical and veterinary importance
of cockroaches. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 134(10): V + 147 pp.
W illis, E.R., R iser, G.R., and Roth, L.M. 1958. Observations on reproduction
and development in cockroaches. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am er., 51(l):53-69.
TERMITES
Snyder, T.C. 1954. Order Isoptera: the term ites of the United States and
Canada. Natl. P est Control A ssoc., Tech. Bull., 64 pp.
Scott, H.G. 1961. Keys to common North American domestic term ites. P est
Control, 29(9):46.
EARW IG S
Hebard, M. 1934. The Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Illinois. Illinois Natl.

Hist. Surv. Bull., 29(3):125-279.
Townes, H.K. 1945. A list of the generic and subgeneric names of Dermaptera
with their genotypes. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 38:343-356.
PSOCIDS
Broadhead, E. 1950. A revision of the genus L iposcelis . . . Trans. Roy. Ent.

Soc. London, 101:335-338.
LICE (A n o p lu r a )
Buxton, P.A. 1946. The louse. W illiams & Wilkins Co., Baltim ore, v iii +164
pp., 47 figs.
Pratt, H.D., and Littig, K.S. 1961. Lice of public health importance and their
control. U.S. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, 16 pp.
L I C E ( M a l l ophaga)
Emerson, K.C. 1962. A tentative list of Mallophaga for (1) North American
Birds (II) North American Mammals. Dugway Proving Grounds, Dugway,
Utah, 217 + 20 pp.
• 190
L I C E (M a l l o p h a g a ) ( c o n Hnued)
Hopkins, G .H .E., and Clay, T. 1952. A check lis t of the gen era and sp e c ie s
of Mallophaga. B ritish Mus. (Natl. H ist.), iii + 362 pp.
BUGS
Smith, C.N. 1958. Control of bed bugs. P e st Control, 26(11):9-12.
U sin ger, R.L. 1944. The T riatom inae of North and Central A m erica and the
W est Indies and their public health sign ificance. U.S. Public Health S erv ice
Bull. 288, iv + 83 pp.
LEPIDOPTERA
A llard, H .F ., and Allard, H.A. 1959. Venomous m oths and b u tterflies. J.

Washington Acad. Sci., 48:18-21.
Goldman, L ., Sawyer, F., Levine, A ., Goldman, J., Goldman, S., and Spinanger,
J. 1960. Investigative studies of skin irritation s from c a ter p illa r s. J.
Invest. D erm at., 34:67-79.
BEETLES
Cotton, R.T. 1956. P e sts of stored grain and grain products. B u rg ess Publ.
Co., M inneapolis, iii + 306 pp.
P ratt, H .D ., and Scott, H.G. 1962. A key to som e b eetle s com m only found in
stored foods. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 64(l):4 3 -5 0 .
HYMENOPTERA
Creighton, W.S. 1950. The ants of North A m erica. Mus. Comp. Zool, B ull.,
104:1-585.
M usebeck, C .F.W ., Krombein, K.V., Townes, H.K. 1951 and 1958. Hymenoptera
of A m erica North of M exico + F ir st Supplement. U.S. Dept. Agr. Monograph
2:1420 pp.
191 •
FLIES
Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H., and Coulson, J. R. 1965.
A catalog of the diptera of Am erica north of Mexico. Agri. Handbook No. 276,
U. S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, D. C.
Hall, D. 1948. The blowflies of North America. Thomas Say Foundation. Co
lumbus, 477 pp.
M O SQ U ITO ES
Carpenter, S.J., and La C asse, W.J. 1955. Mosquitoes of North America.

Univ. California P ress, Berkeley, vi + 360 pp.
Stojanovich, C.J. 1960-61. Illustrated key to common mosquitoes of (I) South

eastern United States, (II) Northeastern North America. Publ. by Author,
P.O. Box 727, Emory University Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, 36 + 49 pp.
FLEAS
Holland, G.P. 1949. The Siphonaptera of Canada. Canada Dept. Agr., Publ.
817, Tech. Bull. 70, 306 pp.
Stark, H.E. 1958. The Siphonaptera of Utah. U.S. Dept. Health, Education,
and Welfare, PHS, Atlanta, Georgia, xiii + 239 pp.
SNAKES
Ditm ars, R.L. 1939. A field book of North American snakes. Doubleday and
Co., Inc., New York, xii + 305 pp. + 49 plates.
Schmidt, K.P., and Davis, D.D. 1941. Field book of snakes of the United States
and Canada. G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, xiii + 365 pp.
BIRDS
Scott, H.G. 1961. Pigeons: Public health importance and control. P est Control,
29(9) :9-20 + 60-61.
Scott, H.G. 1964. Pigeon-borne disease control through sanitation and pigeon
stoppage. P est Control, 32(9):14-19 + 38-44.
• 192
R O D E N T S , RABBITS, A N D HARES
Bjornson, B .F ., and Wright, C harles V. 1960. Control of dom estic ra ts and

m ice. U.S. Govt, printing O ffice, W ashington.D.C., PHS Publ. 563, 25 pp.
Hall, E.R., and Kelson, K.R. 1959. The m am m als of North A m erica. The
Ronald P r e s s Co., New York, Vol. I, xxx + 625 pp., Vol. II, viii + 1162 pp.
BATS
A llen, G.M. 1939. B ats. Dover Publ. Inc., New York, x + 368 pp.
Scott, H.G. 1961. Bats: public health im portance, identification and control.
P est Control, 29:23-26.

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PICTORIAL KEYS

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

ARTHROPODS, REPTILES, BIRDS AN D MAMMALS

Selected References 187

PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF GROUPS INCLUDED IN THE KEY

COMMON NAME PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE

After the Communicable D isease Center was founded (1946) additional

P recise identification of disease vectors is essential to their efficient

The pictorial keys are typical of identification keys found in reference

N o te : The d iffe rin g fo rm a ts and typography in th is

ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE: KLY TO COMMON CLASSES AND ORDERS

Five or nore p a irs of w alkirg legs ( f i g . 1 C & D).

2. Three p a irs of walking legs (F ig . 2 A )........................................................................................................................................................3

Four p a irs of walking logs (F ig . 2 B ) ...................................................................................................................................................... 25

3. Wings present:, w ell developed (F ig . 3 A ).................................................................................................................................................4

Wings absent or rudimentary (F ig . 3 B & C )..........................................................................................................................................13

With two p a irs of wings (F ig . 4 B 6c C )...................................................................................................................................................... 6

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

5* Wh w it;, sca le s (.Fig. 5 A ). FAMILY CULICIDAE. .MOSQUITO

Wir.^s without scale s (F ig . 5 B ). DIPTERA OTHER THAN MOSQUITOES..............................................................................FLY

6. Mouthparts adapted fo r sucking, w ith elongate proboscis (F ig . 6 A ) . . .

Mouthparts adapted fo r chewing, without elongate proboscis (F ig . 6 B)

Wings not covered w ith s c a le s ; proboscis not co ile d (F ig . 7 B ).

8. Wing w ith frin g e of long h a ir (F ig . 8 A ). ORDER THYSANOPTERA. THRIPS

Wing without long h a ir (F ig . 8 B ) . ORDER HEMIPTERA.......................... .KISSING BUG

9. Both p a ir of wings membranous and s im ila r in s tru c tu re (F ig . 9 A )...................................................................................... 10

10. Doth p a irs of wings s im ila r in s i;:e (F ig . 10 A ). ORDER ISOPTERA..........................................................................TERMITE

ind whig much sm aller than front wing (F ig . 10 B ). ORDER HYMENOPTERA............................................................................

Front wings leather'/ or p a p e r- lik e , wi.th d is t in c t vein s (F ig . 11 B) . ORDER ORTHOPTERA. .COCKROACH

Abdomen without prominent . i ; wings covering abdomen (F ig . 12 B ). ORDER COLEOPTERA....................BEETLE

13. Mouthparts w ith jaws fo r chewing (F ig . 13 A )....................................................................................................................................14

Mouthparts w ith a lor.g beak or s t y le t s fo r sucking up food (F ig . 13 B ) ................................................................ 21

Without three long term inal t a il s (F ig . 14 B ) ................................................................................................................................. 15

15. Abdomen w ith prominent p a ir of c e re i (F ig . 15 A ). ORDER DERMAPTERA............................................................. EARWIG

Abdomen without prominent p a ir o f c e rc i (F ig . 15 B ). .16

16. With narrow w aist (F ig . 16 A ). ORDER HYMENOPTERA. ....................ANT

Without narrow w aist (F ig . 16 B ) ............................................. .......................17

18. Abdomen w ith 6 or fewer segments (F ig . 18 A ). ORDER COLLEMBOLA........................................................ SPRINGTAIL

Abdomen w ith more than 6 segments (F ig . 18 B ). ORDER MALLOPHAGA..............................................CHEWING LOUSE

19. Tarsus w ith 4-5 segments (F ig . 19 A )................................................................................................................................................... 20

Tarsus w ith 1-3 segments ( f i g . 19 B ) . ORDER PSOCOPTERA...................................................BOOK LOUSE OR PSOCID

Pronotum broader than head, often covering head (F ig . 20 B ) . ORDER ORTHOPTERA....................COCKROACH

21. Flatten ed l a t e r a lly (F ig . 21 A ). ORDER SIPHONATERA...................................................... FLEA

Flatten ed dorso-v e n tra l 1y (F ig . 21 B )....................................................................................... 22

Foot not term inating in p ro tru s ib le bladder (F ig . 22 B ) ................................................................................................. 23

Abdomen p e g -lik e (F ig . 25 B) . CLASS PYCNOGONIDA...............................................................................................SEA SPIDER

Abdomen not d i s t i n c t ly segmented (F ig . 26 B ).............................................................................................................................. 31

27. Abdomen lengthened to form a long t a i l (F ig . 27 A )........... .28

Abdomen not lengthened to form a long t a i l (F ig . 27 B ) . .29

28. T a il with s tin g e r (F ig . 28 A ). ORDER SCORPIONIDA................................................................................................. SCORPION

T a il without s tin g e r (F ig . 28 B ). ORDER PEDIPALPIDA.............................................................................WHIP SCORPION

Without larg e p in c e r - lik e claws (F ig . 29 B ) .................................................................................................................................. 30

A ). ORDER SOLPUGIDa ............................................................................. SUN SPIDER

Legs much longer than body (F ig . 30 B ). ORDER PHALANGIDA...........................................CADDY L0NG-LEG SPIDER

Abdomen not c o n s tric te d (F ig . 31 B ) .

Body without h a ir or sho rt h a ir ; H a lle r 's organ present (F ig . 32 B ) . ORDER ACARINA....................TICK

33. r iv e to 7 p a irs of walking legs (F ig . 33 A ). CLASS CRUSTACEA. . 34

More than 14 p a irs of walking legs (F ig . 33 B )....................................... . 36

34. Abdomen without appendages (F ig . 34 A ). ORDER C0PEP0DA................................................................ COPEPOD

Abdomen w ith appendages (Fig * 34 B ) ....................................................................................................................... 35

36. One p a ir of legs per body segment (F ig . 36 A ). CLASS CHILOPODA............................................ CENTIPEDE

Two p a irs of legs per body segment (F ig . 36 B ). CLASS DIPLOPODA....................................... MILLIPEDE

HOUSEHOLD AND STORED-FOOD PESTS: PICTORIAL KEY TO COMMON LARVAE