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RIZAL 1: MIDTERMS (CHAPTER 9-16)

● Vatican, the City of the Popes, the capital of

CHAPTER 9: RIZAL’S TOUR OF EUROPE WITH Christendom
VIOLA ● Rizal wrote to Blumentritt, “I am tired as a dog,
● After the Noli was printed in Berlin, Rizal but I will sleep as a god.”
planned to visit the important places in Europe. After a week of wonderful tour in Rome, he
●

Rizal received Paciano’s remittance of P1,000. prepared to return to the Philippines

He paid Dr. Maximo Viola P300 for Rizal loans
so that the Noli could be printed. Having paid
his debt, and with enough funds in his pocket,
Rizal, accompanied by Viola, was ready to see
Europe before returning home to Calamba.
● Words in red are the places they visited. They
first visited Potsdam, a city near Berlin, which
Frederick the Great made famous.
● Dresden, one of the best cities in Germany.
Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia)
Leitmeritz (Litomerice), Bohemia
● Here at Leitmeritz, RIZAL MET BLUMENTRITT
FOR THE FIRST TIME. Blumentritt is an old
Austrian professor. Rosa, his wife, Dolores,
Conrad and Fritz, Blumentritt’s children.
● Prague, here they visited:
○ The TOMB OF COPERNICUS (the famous
astronomer)
○ The MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
○ The BACTERIOLOGICAL
LABORATORIES
○ The FAMOUS CAVE WHERE SAN JUAN
NEPOMUCENO, (the Catholic saint)
was imprisoned
○ And the bridge where the saint was
hurled into the river Brunn, according to
Viola, nothing happened in this
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● Vienna (capital of your
Austria-Hungary),
targeted advertising purposes. You may change settings at any time or accept the default settings. You may close this banner to
as the “Queen of Danube”, famous in songs
continue with only essential cookies. Privacy Policy
and stories Danubian Voyage (Danube river
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cruise) Lintz Salzburg
● Munich, they stopped here for a short
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the famous Munich beer, best in Germany
● Nuremberg, one of the oldest cities in
Germany
● ULM, the cathedral of this city was the
largest and tallest in Gemany STUTTGART
BADEN
● Rheinfall, they saw the waterfall, the most
beautiful waterfall in Europe
● Scaffhausen, Switzerland Bassel Bern Lausanne
Lemon Lake Geneva, the Swiss city, one of the
most beautiful cities in
● Europe languages spoken by the people of
Geneva:
○ French
○ German
○ Italian
● June 13 - Viola returned to Barcelona
● Rizal continued the tour to Italy Turin, Milan,
Venice, Florence. Rome, the ETERNAL CITY
and also called the City of Caesars.
CHAPTER 10: BACK TO CALAMBA, 1887 – 88
● Decision to Return Home.
● After the publication of the NOLI ME TANGERE
and the uproar it caused among the anti –
Filipino elements, Rizal was warned by Paciano
(his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-
law), Chenggoy (Jose M. Cecilio),and other
friends not to return home. But he did not heed
their warning. He was determined to return
to the Philippines for the following
reasons:
1. To operate on his mother’s eyes;
2. To serve his people who had long been
oppressed by SpanishTyrants;
3. To find out for himself how the Noli and
his other writings were affecting
Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines:
and
4. To find out why Leonor Rivera had
remained silent.
● In a letter to Blumentritt, written in Geneva
on June 19, 1887, Rizal said: “ Your advice
that I live in Madrid and continue to write for
me here is very benevolent, but I cannot accept
it. I cannot endure life in Madrid where
known everything is a voice in the wilderness.Save My
parents want to see me, and I want to see them
also. All my life I have desired to live in my
Accept All
country by the side of my family. Until now I am
time for not Europanized like the Filipinos of Madrid; I
always like to return to the country ofReject
my birth.”
All
● In Rome, on June 29, 1887 , Rizal wrote the
father, announcing this homecoming. “On the
15th of July, at the latest,” he wrote, “I shall
embark for our country, so that from the 15th
to the 30th of August, we shall see each
other.”
● Delightful Trip to Manila. Rizal left Rome by train
for Marseilles, a French port, which he reached
without mishap.
● On July 3, 1887 , he boarded the steamer
Djemnah, the same steamer which brought
him to Europe five years ago. There were about
fifty passengers, including 4 English, 2
Germans , 3 Chinese , 2 Japanese, and
many Frenchmen.
● Arrival in Manila. Rizal’ s voyage from Saigon
to Manila was pleasant.
● On August 3, 1887 the moon was full, and he
slept soundly the whole night. The calm sea
AD
illumined by the silvery moonlight was a
magnificent sight to him.
● On August 6, he arrived in Manila.
○ He disembarked shortly after nine o’ clock
that night.
○ He stayed in the city for a short time to
visit his friends.
○ He found Manila the same as when he left
it five years ago. There were the same old
churches and buildings, the same holes in
the roads, the same boats on the Pasig
River, and the same hoary walls
surrounding the city
● Happy Homecoming. On August 8th , the
two days after his arrival in Manila, he reached
Calamba. His family welcomed him
affectionately, with plentiful tears of joy. Paciano
did not leave him during the first days after
arrival to protect him from enemy assault. His
own father would not let him go out alone, lest
something might happen to him. In Calamba ,
Rizal established a medical clinic . His first
eksploitasi physician was the successful
operation on his mother sightless eyes. News of
the successful operation spread far and wide.
Patients from Manila and the provinces flocked
to Calamba.
● Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman”
because he came from Germany. His
professional fees were reasonable, even gratis
to the poor. Within a few months, he was able to
earn P900 as a physician.
● Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, he
introduced European sports. He tried to interest
inmates in
1. Gymnastics
2. Fencing
3. Shootings
To discourage cockfights and gambling.
● Storm over the “Noli.” A few weeks after his
arrival, a storm broke over his novel .
● One day Rizal received a letter from Governor
General Emilio Terrero to come to
Malacañang.
● Somebody had whispered to the governor’ s ear
that the novel contained subversive ideas.
He denied it, explaining that he merely exposed
the truth, but he did not advocate subversive
ideas.
● Governor-general asked the author for a copy of
Noli so that he could read it. Rizal had no copy
because the only copy he brought home was
given to a friend. Rizal visited Fr. Francisco
Sanchez, Fr. Jose Bech, and Fr. Federico
Faura. He had a spirited discussion with them
about the Noli, and Father Faura ventured an
opinion that “everything in it was the truth,” but
added: “You may lose your head for it.”
Rizal’s life is in jeopardy because the friars were
powerful.
○ For security, he assigned a young Spanish
lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de
Andrade, as bodyguard of Rizal
belonged to a noble family. He was
cultured and knew painting, and he could
speak English, French, and Spanish.
AD
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● Governor-general Terrero read the Noli and
found nothing wrong in it.
● The Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo
(a Dominican), sent a copy of the Noli to Father
Rector Gregorio Echavarria the University Of
Santo Tomas for examination by a committee of
the faculty. This report of the faculty members
of the University of Santo Tomas stated that the
Noli was “heretical, impious, and
scandalous” in the religious order, and
anti-patriotic, subversive of public order,
injurious to the government of Spain and its
function in the Philippine Islands in the political
order.
● Governor-General Terrero was sent the novel
to the Permanent Commission of
Censorship which was composed of priests and
laymen. The report of this commission was
drafted by its head, Fr. Salvador Font,
Agustinian cura of Tondo. It found the novel
to contain subversive ideas against the Church
and Spain, and recommended “that the
importation, reproduction and circulation
of this pernicious book in the Islands be
absolutely prohibited.”
● Despite the government prohibition and the
vigilance of the cruel Guardian Civil many
Filipinos were able to get hold of copies of the
Noli which they read at night behind closed
doors. Thanks to Governor-General Terrero,
there were no mass imprisonment or mass
execution of Filipinos. He refused to be
intimidated by the friars who clamored for
positive repressive measures against people
caught reading the novel and vindictive action
against its author.
CHAPTER 11: HONGKONG, MACAU & JAPAN 1888
● Rizal leaving the Philippines for the Second Time
Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was
forced to leave his country for the second
time in 1888. He was 27 years old, a
practicing physician, and a recognized man of
letters. After six months of staying in the
Philippines Rizal left via the steamer Zapiro
bound for Hong Kong.
● Amoy – the first stop over of the ship Rizal
did not get off the ship for the following
reasons:
○ He was not feeling well,
○ It was raining hard &
○ He heard that the city is dirty.
● HONG KONG: A British colony. Rizal stayed in
Victoria Hotel He met Jose Maria Basa,
Balbino Mauricio, Manuel Yriarte (son of the
alcalde mayor in Calamba).
● According to Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt, it
is a small, but very clean city. Many
Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese and Jews.
There are some Filipinos exiled in Marianas
Islands since 1872, they were former
financiers and rich but now poor, gentle and
timid.
● Rizal’s Visit to MACAU, A Portuguese colony
near Hong Kong. Rizal together with Basa
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 boarded a ferry named Kiu-Kiang going to
Macau.
● Jose Sainz de Varanda – among one of the
passengers
● Don Juan Francisco Lecaros – a Filipino
gentleman who is married to a Portuguese
lady. Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for two
days while they were in Macau.
● During Rizal’s two week vacation in Hong Kong,
he studied Chinese life, language, drama and
customs and found out the following which he
wrote in his diary:
○ The celebration of the Chinese New Year
was quite very noisy due to the
continuous explosion of firecrackers on
the streets.
○ The lauriat party, wherein the guests
were served a variety of dishes, shows
lavishness and hospitality among the
Chinese.
○ The Dominican Order, the richest
religious order in Hong Kong, had millions
of dollars deposited in various banks
earning very high interests.
○ The graveyards for Catholics,
Protestants and Muslims were well
maintained.
● DEPARTURE FROM HONG KONG
○ February 22, 1888 – Rizal left Hong
Kong
○ Oceanic – an American steamer, his
destination was Japan.
CHAPTER 12: RIZAL IN JAPAN (THE LAND OF THE
CHERRY BLOSSOMS)
● Rizal left Hong Kong on board of the Oceanic, an
American steamer on his way to Japan.
● He arrived in YOKOHAMA, JAPAN and stayed
for one day in Grand Hotel.
● Rizal in TOKYO
○ After spending a day in Yokohama, Rizal
went to Tokyo and stayed in Tokyo Hotel
for five days. Tokyo Hotel- where Rizal
stayed from March 2-7 in Japan Rizal’s
letter to Blumentritt. Tokyo is more
extensive than Paris. The walls are built
in a cyclopean manner. The streets are
large and wide.
● Judo – Japanese art of self defense
● Kabuki – Japanese drama play
● Juan Perez Caballero – secretary of the
Spanish legation visited him in the hotel
inviting him to stay in the Spanish legation.
Knowing that it is a plot to monitor him.
● Reasons why he accepted Caballero’s
proposal:
○ He could economize his living
expenses
○ He had nothing to hide from the prying
eyes of the Spanish authorities. He and
Caballero became good friends.
● In Japan, Rizal was embarrassed because he did
not knew how to speak Nihonggo (Japanese
Language). He was mistaken as an
Europeanized Japanese because he looks like a
Japanese and yet speaks in a different tongue.
AD
● Rizal’s Impression of Japan:
○ The scenic beauty of the country.
○ The cleanliness, politeness and
industry of the Japanese people.
○ The picturesque dress and simple
charm of the Japanese women.
○ There were few thieves in Japan.
Beggars are rarely seen in the city streets.
● Rickshaw – a popular mode of transportation
which he did not like in Japan.
● Rizal and O-Sei-San, A samurai’s daughter of
23 years old and had never experienced true
love. Usui – San, her father; a store owner.
A woman of beauty, charm, modesty and
intelligence. Speaks French and English.
● When Rizal first introduced himself to her, he
took off his hat as a sign of respect (A German
custom).
● O-Sei-San was more than Rizal’s girlfriend for
she was his guide, interpreter and tutor. She
improved his knowledge of the Japanese
language She eases the pain left by Leonor
Rivera.
● Rizal and Osei – San are both theatre addicts.
They attended some kabuki plays such as;
SendaihagiManjiro Nakahama Chushingura
● Rizal fell greatly in-love with O-Sei-San that he
was tempted to leave the Philippines and settle
down in Japan.
● He was offered a job in the Spanish Legation
Paciano wrote to him reminding him of his duty
and why he left the Philippines in the first place .
● Rizal left Japan via the ship Belgic, an English
steamer in Yokohama bound for the United
States. It ended 45 days of his unforgettable
stay in Japan and his relationship with
O-Sei-San.
● O-Sei-San after Rizal’s departure
○ Alfred Charlton – became the husband
of O-Sei-San in 1897, one year after
Rizal was executed. He was a British
teacher of chemistry in Peers’ School in
Tokyo. They had a daughter named
Yuriko, who married a son of a Japanese
senator.
○ Seiko-Usui died in 1947 at age 80 and
was buried beside her husband.
● Sayonara Japan April 13, 1888 – Rizal left
Japan boarded in Belgic, an English steamer
bound for United States.
● Tetcho Suehiro – a fighting Japanese
journalist, novelist, champion of human
rights, who was forced by the government to
leave Japan.
○ Became a member of the Japanese
Imperial Diet (Parliament).
○ Wrote two novels:
■ Nankai-no-Daiharan (Storm
Over the South Sea) – 1891
resembling Noli Me Tangere
■ O-unabara (The Big Ocean) –
1894 – resembling El
Filibusterismo
○ Died in 1896 at age 49 due to heart
attack.
○ Advocates of Freedom Rizal Tetcho
Suehiro.
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● He met a semi-Filipino family – Mr. Reinaldo
Turner and his wife Emma Jackson, their
children and maid from Pangasinan.
CHAPTER 13: VIA THE STEAMER BELGIC, RIZAL
ARRIVED IN SAN FRANCISCO, USA ON APRIL 28,
1888
● 2 agencies that certified Belgic is free from
cholera epidemic:
○ The America consul of Japan
○ The British government of Hongkong
● Cholera – raging epidemic in the Far East.
○ According to the Americans, all
passengers are quarantined for safety.
○ Rizal was surprised because there is no
outbreak of the disease in the Far East,
thus he joined other passengers in protest.
○ 643 Chinese coolies boarded the ship the
coolies from China were displacing white
laborers in railroad construction camp. But
Rizal was questioning how come 700 bolts
of silk were unloaded without
fumigation.
○ After a week Rizal together with other first
class passengers were permitted to land.
But the Japanese and the Chinese and
passengers belonging to the second and
thirds class remained aboard.
● Rizal stayed in Palace Hotel (then a first class
hotel) in San Francisco He stayed there for
two days
● Grover Cleveland - was the president when
Rizal visited the United States
● Leland Stanford – the founder and
benefactor of Stanford University was then a
senator representing California.
● George Washington – one of the great men
of New York who visited his memorial. The 1st
president of the US.
● Oakland – first stop via ferry boat
● via train he arrived at Sacramento, where he
ate his supper, 75 cents and slept on his couch.
● Reno, Nevada – where he had his breakfast
● Utah – where he saw Mormons, thickly
populated
● Colorado – a lot of snow and pine trees
● New York – which he considers a big city,
where he stayed for three days.
● He left the United States for Liverpool, London
on board the City of Rome, the second largest
ship in the world.
● Great Eastern – largest ship in the world
during his time.
● Nebraska – Omaha City, as big as San
Francisco
● Missouri River – twice as big as Pasig River
● Chicago – a lot of Indians in cigar stores
● Albany – where he saw the Hudson River
● RIZAL GOOD IMPRESSIONS OF AMERICA
○ Material progress of the country as
shown in its cities, farms, and industries.
○ The drive and energy of the Americans.
○ The natural beauty of the land.
○ The high standard of living
○ The opportunities for better life offered
to poor immigrants.
AD
● RIZAL BAD IMPRESSIONS OF AMERICA
○ Non-existence of true civil liberty, as
Negro cannot marry an American and vice
versa.
○ The existence of racial prejudice as
shown in their hatred of the Chinese,
Japanese and Negroes. The valuing of
money over human life
○ Lack of racial equality
○ The land par excellence of f reedom but
only for the whites.
Rizal said this to Jose Alejandrino, an
engineering student form Belgium
CHAPTER 14: LIFE AND WORKS IN LONDON
(1888-89)
● Stay in London Lived in London May 1888 to
Mar. 1889.
○ 3 REASONS WHY HE STAYED THERE:
■ To improve his knowledge of the
English Language.
■ To study and annotate Morga’s
Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas
■ London was a safe place for him to
carry on his fight against Spanish
Tyranny Filipiniana studies.
● Completing annotating Morga’s books Wrote
many articles in La Solidaridad Penned Young
Women of Malolos Had romance with Gertrude
Beckett.
● Trip Across the Atlantic Made friends in his
Atlantic voyage Amazed some American and
European passengers. Had a chat with
newspaper men but became disappointed.
● Arrived in Liverpool May 24, 1888. “Liverpool is
a big and beautiful city and its celebrated port is
worthy of its great fame. The entrance is
magnificent and the custom house is quite
good.”
● Life in LONDON
○ Went to London May 25, 1888.
○ Stayed as a guest at Dr. Regidor’s home.
○ Became a boarder at the Beckett’s by the
end of May Was called “Pearl of Man” by
Dr. Reinhold Rost
○ Played Cricket and Boxing with Dr.
Rost’s sons.
● BAD NEWS FROM HOME:
○ Persecution of the Filipino patriots who
signed the “Anti-friar Petition of 1888.”
○ Persecution of Calamba tenants Furious
attacks on Rizal by Senator Salamanca
and Vida in the Spanish Cortes and by
Desengaños (Wenseslao E. Retana)
and Quioquiap (Pablo Feced.
○ In Spanish newspapers Rizal’s
brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo was
exiled in Bohol.
○ Laureano Viado, his friend, was arrested
and jailed because copies of Noli were
found in his house.
● GOOD NEWS FROM HOME:
○ Rev. Vicente Garcias’ defended Noli
against the attacks of the friars.
○ Content of the letter:
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