Self Sufficiency In Oilseeds

ØEdible oils occupy a unique place in Indian society,

culture, dietary patterns and economy of a country.

ØIndia is one of the largest vegetable oil economies in

the world next to USA, China, Brazil and Argentina.

Ø India is also third largest cultivator of oilseeds in the

world and paradoxically meets into more than 50%
requirement through imports.

ØDue to diverse agro-climatic conditions and

geographical locations, farmers are able to grow all the
nine annual oilseeds viz. groundnut, rapeseed, soybean,
sunflower, seasame, safflower, niger, castor and linseed.
ØIn India, oilseeds are second most important crop after
cereals sharing 14% of the country’s gross cropped area
and accounting for nearly 3% of GDP.

Ø India needs a three fold increase in the oilseeds

production in the next 35 years.

ØLike pulses, oilseeds face severe challenges in terms of

climatic stresses and unfavourable farming conditions.

Ø Oilseeds cultivation is mainly undertaken on marginal

land by resource poor farmers who are generally
reluctant to provide necessary inputs for increasing the
productivity.
ØNearly 82% of the oilseeds area fall under rainfed
farming where climatic vagaries cause severe damage
to crops.

Ø Studies have indicated emergence of biotic threats

(diseases) which have the potential to disrupt the
production patterns and regional crop preferences in a
significant manner.
India’s Import - Export Of Oilseeds
Top 10 Oilseed Producing Countries
 Major Oilseeds produced Productio %
oilseed n (lakh Share
Producing Tonnes)
Countries
USA Soybean, Ground Nut, Sunflower, Rapeseed 1125.25 24
BRAZIL Soybean, Ground Nut, 871.64 18
ARGENTINA Soybean, Ground Nut, 545.64 11
CHINA Soybean, Ground Nut, Sunflower, 419.64 9
Rapeseed , castor
INDIA Soybean, Ground Nut, Sesame, Rapeseed 267.94 6
Castor
CANADA Rapeseed, Soybean 216.04 4
UKRAINE Soybean, Sunflower, Rapeseed 123.32 3
RUSSIAN Sunflower 90.34 2
FED
PARAGUAY Soybean 99.75 2
FRANCE Sunflower, Rapeseed 70.82 1
OTHERS 929.57 20
State Wise Contribution (Avg.2011-16)
 States Area Production Yield % Share
(lakh ha) (lakh (kg/ha) (in prod.)
tonnes)
Madhya Pradesh 73.36 62.44 851 25
Rajasthan 48.35 57.11 1181 23
Gujarat 25.58 41.02 1603 16
Maharashtra 41.93 23.75 566 9
West Bengal 7.94 9.37 1181 4
Tamil Nadu 4.12 9.19 2230 4
Andhra Pradesh 9.14 8.73 955 3
Karnataka 13.31 8.67 651 3
Uttar Pradesh 12.92 8.63 658 3
Haryana 5.28 8.49 1608 3
Telangana 4.49 4.96 1105 2
Others 14.92 10.68 716 5
10
Total (DES) 261.43 253.04 968 100
Major Oilseed In India
 States Area Production Yield
1. Soybean (36%) (lakh ha) (lakh tonnes) (kg/ha)
Madhya 57.97 65.04 1121
Pradesh
Maharastra 31.79 39.87 1254
Rajasthan 9.31 11.72 1259
Other states 5.89 6.49 1102
All India 104.96 123.13 1173
Average of last five years

Other
percentage share in production
Rajasthan States
10% 5%

Madhya
Maharashtra Pradesh
32% 53%
 States Area Production Yield
(lakh ha) (lakh tonnes) (kg/ha)
2. Groundnut (29%) Gujarat 16.88 27.03 1601
A.P 13.92 11.31 812
Karnataka 7.31 5.58 763
Tamil Nadu 3.73 9.18 2461
Other states 11.84 16.94 1431
All India 53.69 70.04 1304
World (2012) 246.25 412.6 1676
Average of last five years

Other States Gujarat

24% 39%
Tamil Nadu
13%
Andhra Pradesh
16%

Karnataka
8%
 States Area Production Yield
3. Rapeseed & Mustard (23%) (lakh ha) (lakh tonnes) (kg/ha)
Rajasthan 28.81 35.87 1245
M.P 7.84 8.79 1121
Haryana 5.30 8.76 1652
U.P 6.36 7.46 1173
Other states 14.58 13.87 951

All India 62.89 74.76 1189

Average of last five years

Other States
18% Percentage share in production

Uttar
Pradesh
Rajasthan
10%
48%
Haryana
12%

Madhya
Pradesh
12%
Steps (also some of Taken) For Self
Sufficiency In Oilseeds
National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm
(NMOOP)
 MM-I
(Oilseeds)

MM-II
NMOOP (Oil
Palm)

MM-III
(TBOs)
CROPS COVERED UNDER NMOOP
Mini Mission Crops
(MM)
MM-I (Oilseeds) Edible: Soybean, Groundnut,
Rapeseed-Mustard, Sesame,
Sunflower, Safflower, Niger
Non-Edible: Linseed and Castor
MM-II(Oil Palm) Oil Palm

MM-III (TBOs) Edible: Olive, Simarouba, Cheura,

Kokum, Mahua,
Non-Edible: Neem, Karanja, Tung,
Jojoba, Wild apricot, Jatropha
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ICAR prepares a 5-year road map for self-
sufficiency in oilseeds sector,
ØTo bring in self-sufficiency in oilseeds sector, the
Indian Council of Agricultural Research has prepared a
five-year road map, under which area expansion and
productivity increase will be the major focus.

ØHowever, the actual implementation of the proposed

initiatives will depend on the budgetary allocation for the
self-sufficiency programme.
Measures To Self Sufficiency In Oilseed
Sector
ØPromote oilseeds cultivation in areas where there is
assured irrigation.

Ø Widen the scope of research, technology, diffusion

and institutional intervention to re-energise the oil sector.

ØIncrease public research spending in oilseeds crops for

development of biotic and abiotic tolerant varieties.

ØDevelop newer high yielding varieties of groundnut

and mustard
Ø Provide incentives to private sector participation in
processing and value addition in oilseeds crops.

Ø Ensure availability of inputs such as fertilisers and

pesticides and credit and extension services.

ØImplement market reforms and policies, such as

contract farming and public-private partnership in
production and processing, to ensure a competitive
market for oilseeds and edible oil along with adequate
protective measures to avoid unfair competition from the
international markets.
Problems In India’s Oilseed
Sector
MAJOR CONSTRAINTS IN YIELD IMPROVEMENT
Ø Continued dependence on rainfed production system leading to
larger fluctuation in area and yield with larger variation in
groundnut.
Ø Agro-climatic limitations like adaptability of mustard under
saline soil / low water areas of >4 million ha; groundnut under
low rainfall / drought prone areas of >2 million ha and soybean
under upland black cotton soils of >10 million ha.
Ø Farmers’ priority to cereals under irrigated condition due to
assured buy back.
Ø Availability of cheaper imported vegetable oil with admissible
blending depressing domestic markets of oilseeds leading to area
stagnation.
Ø Lack of assured procurement of oilseeds.

25
ØOur domestic production of palm oil is negligible.

ØThe oil comes from abroad.

Ø There should be no objection to extracting revenue out

of an imported product that is not produced within the
country.

ØThere is need for a strong regulation; imports should be

need-based and not speculation driven.
Conclusion
 By adoption of improved agro-techniques viz. selection
of improved and appropriate varieties, optimum time of
sowing, optimum plant population, modified tillage,
resource conservation techniques, balanced nutrient
management, integrated and timely weed management,
proper irrigation management and following improved
cropping systems, the productivity of pulses and oilseeds
in different agro-ecologies of the
country will get self sufficiency in Oilseed Sector .