RAL PHYSICS II (Q

ENE 3-L1)
G

ELECTRIC CHARGE &

ELECTRIC FORCE
BY: MS. RHENZ MARIELLE M. PASION, LPT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the evidence for
01 Electric Forces

Define electric charge, state the

02 Coulomb's law & Law of
Conservation of Charge

Classify materials according to

03 its ability to allow the flow of
charge

04 Recognize three ways of

charging an object

Apply Coulomb's Law in worded

05 problems
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
An atom of any matter
that consists of small
positively charges
nucleus with a number
of electrons some
distance away.

The forces between

atoms that hold them
together are
ELECTRICAL.
 IONS
Under certain circumstances
an atom may lose one or
more electrons and become
a positive ion, or it may gain
one or more electrons and
become a negative ion. Many
solids consist of positive and
negative ions rather than of
atoms or molecules.
EVIDENCES OF
ELECTRIC
FORCES
 Greeks observed electric charges and
forces between them using amber
Amber is a plastic-like substance formed
from dried and hardened sap of certain
trees
Amber, when rubbed with animal fur,
attracts small pieces of dust
Similar effect observed with plastic rod
and bits of paper
Rubbing creates an attractive force,

EVIDENCE OF even though plastic rod doesn't usually

attract paper

ELECTRIC The attractive force persists even when

amber or plastic rod is not in contact

CHARGE with the paper

Greeks did not test the effect in a
vacuum
ELECTRIC
CHARGE
COULOMB’S LAW
& LAW OF
CONSERVATION
OF CHARGE
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS ON COULOMB’S LAW
What is the magnitude and direction of the force on a charge of
+4x10^-9 C that is 5 cm from a charge of +5x10^-8 C?

GIVEN: REQUIRED: EQUATION:

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
PRINCIPLE OF
CONSERVATION
OF CHARGE
NET CHARGE MEANS TOTAL
POSITIVE CHARGE MINUS TOTAL
NEGATIVE CHARGE.

WHEN MATTER IS CREATED FROM

ENERGY, EQUAL AMOUNTS OF
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGE
ALWAYS COME INTO BEING, AND
WHEN MATTER IS CONVERTED TO
ENERGY, EQUAL AMOUNTS OF
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGE
DISAPPEAR.
CLASSIFYING
MATERIALS
ACCORDING TO
ITS ABILITY TO
ALLOW FLOW OF
CHARGE
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIAL
ACCORDING TO ITS ABILITY TO ALLOW
THE FLOW OF CHARGE
CONDUCTOR
It allows the flow of charge and
consists of more free electron. It
has low resistance to the flow of
current. Most of metals are
conductor.(copper, aluminum,
silver and many more.)
INSULATOR
SEMICONDUCTOR
Its property is in between of
insulator and conductor. All
the transistors, diodes,
integrated circuits, etc., used
in modern electronics are
built using a range of
semiconductors.
- It conducts a little bit, it will
carry electric current but not
as easily as conductor.
Silicon is a good example of
semiconductor.
These are plastics, rubbers, wood
that are used as insulating
materials to prevent shorting
together or electric shock.
SUPER CONDUCTOR
They are artificially made, they are
exist in the laboratory settings by
controlling temperature and
pressure. They have zero
resistance to the
flow of current.
3 WAYS OF
CHARGING AN
OBJECT
 WAYS THAT OBJECTS CAN BE CHARGED:

1. CHARGING BY FRICTION
This is useful for charging
insulators. If you rub one material
with another (say, a plastic ruler
with a piece of paper towel),
electrons have a tendency to be
transferred from one material to
the other.

For example, rubbing glass with silk

or saran wrap generally leaves the
glass with a positive charge;
rubbing PVC rod with fur generally
gives the rod a negative charge.
 WAYS THAT OBJECTS CAN BE CHARGED:

2. CHARGING BY
CONDUCTION
This is useful for charging metals
and other conductors. If a charged
object touches a conductor, some
charge will be transferred between
the object and the conductor,
charging the conductor with the
same sign as the charge on the
object.
 WAYS THAT OBJECTS CAN BE CHARGED:

3. CHARGING BY INDUCTION
It is used in real life in charging
microphones, smartphones etc. In
smartphones, both the phone and
the charging dock contain induction
coils of iron wrapped with copper
wire.

When we place the phone on the

charging dock an electromagnetic
field is produced between the
induction coils.
APPLICATIONS
LITTLE EXPERIMENT
Rub your hair with a balloon, why your hair stands?

1. Hair and balloon are both neutral.

2. Rubber balloon takes negative charges from the hair.
So, balloon becomes negatively charged and hair
becomes positive charged.
3. Since hair is positive and unlike charges attract, hair
sticks up.
ORAL
RECITATION
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
ORAL
RE IN A NEUTRAL ATOM, THERE ARE
C
MORE OF WHICH CHARGE?

IT
AT
A. There are more positive charges

ION
B. There are more negative charges
C. There are equal amounts of both
charges
D. There are no charges in a neutral
atom
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
ORAL
RE A REPULSIVE FORCE EXISTS
C
BETWEEN WHICH TWO PARTICLES?

IT
AT
ION
A. An electron and a neutron
B. Two neutrons
C. Two electrons
D. An electron and a proton
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
ORAL HOW IS THE ELECTRIC FORCE
RE
C BETWEEN TWO CHARGES AFFECTED

IT
WHEN BOTH OF THE

AT
CHARGES ARE CUT IN HALF?
ION
A. Increase four times
B. No change
C. Increase two times
D. Decrease four times
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
ORAL
RE WHICH OF THE PARTICLES ARE
C
ATTRACTED TO EACH OTHER?

IT
AT
ION
A. An electron and a neutron
B. Two neutrons
C. A proton and an electron
D. Two protons
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
ORAL
RE
C

IT
AT
ION
THANK
YOU