MODULE 3

LESSON 1: DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF FILIPINO CULTURE

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

After having gone through this lesson, the learner will be able to;

Identify the different categories of Filipino culture

Distinguish the different categories of Filipino culture
Understand categories Filipino culture through identifying its factors.

Diversities and differences of culture include variability, cultural relativity, and

biological differences environmental differences. Filipino culture has facets and
aspects in various ways, according and and depends on its categories. The following
are the different categories of the Philippines.

Based on the;

1. Nationality
Filipino Culture
2. Ethno Linguistic Group
Ilokano culture
Igorot culture
Kapampangan culture
Ilongot culture
Bugkalot culture
Waray culture etc.

Every ethno linguistic group has its own unique way of cultural practices. For
example: The Igorot tribe practice their culture in unique ways like; “Kaun” and
“Ayuno”, Kaun originally practice by them, wherein in a young man provide more than
5 animals to marry the young lady, for others they called it “Dowry”. Other tribes also
used and practice unique ways of their culture even today’s generation.

3. Historical Epochs
Spanish culture
American Culture
Japanese culture
Culture during Martial law
Culture during World war

In our Philippine history, we have already study and learned the different colonization
that has been done in our country. A historical epoch brings a greatest influence in
our culture. During the colonization of the Spanish regime in our country, our culture
has been expanding, to the extent that even our languages are being influence by
them, our beliefs and some practices. For example: the people before practice
paganism, but because of the influence of the Spaniards, they introduced to us the
Roman Catholic beliefs. Another is the “Barter” the interexchange of products to
products. While Japanese influence to us the used of money which is the “Mickey
mouse money”.

4. Economic Means
Agricultural culture
Fishing Culture
Business and Commercial culture

Occupations of every individual influence one’s cultural practices. A teacher practice

different ways of culture especially when dealing with students, as well as, a Business
man shows different culture, particularly when it is related to his work premises. For
example: Teachers usually wakes up early to attend the school, because it is set by
their time within their work premises. Business man, sometimes hold and able to
balance their time that depends on their work purposes. The Economic means of
individual can make different cultural practices in their daily life experiences.

5. Economic Status
Aristocratic / Elitist Culture
Mass culture
By some means, economic status of a group has the greatest influence in our
society, not only in the Philippines but also to the other country. As you can observe,
the cultural practices of rich to that of poor is different. For example, try to compare a
culture of a lady who has been living in her whole life with luxurious practices and a
Lady who has been living in a slum places for her whole life. Possible that their ways
and practices are far more different to each other. Their economic status influence
their values, ideas, and beliefs.
6. Geographical Location
Lowland – Upland culture
Rural – Urban culture
Environmental differences are one of the factors that vary cultural practices.
Norms, values, language and ideas differ from their environment as well. If you try to
observe the behavior of people from rural to that of urban people, in a possible manner
they will show different behavior. For example: A young man transferred from a Private
School in the City to a Public School in the Province. Probably, the culture of a young
man the he used to practice in the city will definitely change and need some
adjustment for his present environment.

7. Religion
Christian culture – Catholic, Jehovah’s Witnesses, etc.
Protestant culture
Pagan Culture
Buddhism culture
Islamic culture
An individual belief has a great impact in one’s cultural practices. Religion of
every society practice different beliefs and ways. The norms, values and ideas of a
Buddhist is far different to that of Christians, even to the Muslims. For example: The
Islam Religion practice a marriage of Polygamy, A Christian religion practice
Monogamy. Their beliefs in marriage differ from varied practices. Their religion holds
or based on their values and ideas, somehow.

8. Technology
Primitive – Traditional culture
Advance – Modern culture

Discovery and Inventions of technology development advances one’s values and ideas.
Technologies are able to expand the culture of every society. If you try to compare the
values, norms, and ideas of the people who are in the advance country between the
modern countries, they probably show different practices. For example: People having
the advance technologies used to live with their life with it, in their workplaces, studies
and many more. However, people having weak information about technology, used to
practice modern technologies. In some aspect, their lifestyle also varied in different
ways.
9. Age
Children culture
Teenage culture
Senior citizen group culture
Culture of retired, divorcee, etc.
Having specified aged attained different ways of thinking. The ideas and ways of
children are far different with teen age as well as a senior citizen. Considering their
environment and experiences in their everyday life. According to Erik Erikson of the
Psychosocial Theory of Development, He explained the different stages of every
individual. (See or read: Child and Adolescent Development by; Corpus, Lucas,
Borabo, and Lucido. p73-97).

SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:

Society and Culture, by Roman D. Leano, Jr. pp. 220. Published:Mindshapers,

Guadalupe, Makati City.

Society and Culture in a Changing World. By; Baliao and Farcon. 2011.p.1-13

https://family.lovetoknow.com/cultural-heritage-symbols/filipino-culture-
traditions

https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/11-things-you-should-know-
about-the-filipino-culture/

https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/Cultural-life

https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/filipino-culture/filipino-culture-core-concepts

https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/The-Philippines.html

MODULE 3

LESSON 2: FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES AND TRAITS

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
 After having gone through this lesson, the learner will be able to;

Identify the different Filipino values and traits

Evaluate the positive and negative impact of Filipino values and traits
in relation to the real world situations
Assessed the value and importance of the different values and traits

Filipino can stand tall and be proud of because of its culture traits and values.
Filipino culture including its values and traits are extensive and large. The Filipino
values refers to the set of values that sa majority of people have historically held
important in their lives. It is an integral part of every culture. It may also attribute
into many influences, these can be from its ancestors or influenced from colonizers,
it can also be positive and negative in any aspects. However, it is very important to
us, to each and every Filipino in the Philippines, considering the fact that even
other country complemented the Filipino ways through values and traits. Other
people may also like to adopt the culture in different ways. The Philippines is
different to other countries when it comes to value, beliefs, and tradition. We all
know that every country has its unique tradition and cultures. And here in the
Philippines, we have a very conservative tradition, values, cultures, and beliefs.
That how until now even if we live in a modern day and the technology is advance
we Filipino people believe that our culture and values don’t change. Sometimes it
forgets to some Filipino who is really live in modern life but still deep in their hearts
they respect and value the Tradition that they learn when they are young.
 Bahala na: a fatalistic outlook that involves independence and deep faith.
 Utang na Loob: refers to the deep of gratitude to someone.
 Amor Propio: Feeling of high self-esteem.
 Fatalism: it is a belief that all things come naturally. “Itinadhana talaga ng Diyos”,
“Gulong ng palad” and “swerte at malas”.
 Pakikisama: good public relations
 Hiya or Shame: social disapproval, acceptance by the group, and belonging to the
group. Shameful or Mahiyain.
 Paggalang: respect towards elders and superiors. Used of “po” and “opo”.
 Tungkulin ng Panganay sa Pamilya: refers to the responsibility of the eldest child to
act and think as the second parent in the family. “Breadwinner”
 Segurista attitude: assurance about something. A predisposition to ask or demand
something for assurance.
 Gaya-gaya: being Filipino imitativeness that gives emphasis on façade. “Style”,
“Palabas”
 Filipino Time: Filipino attitude for extending time, succession of moments, or being
late.
 Mañana Habit: setting aside some responsibility. Saka na, mamaya na, bukas
nalang.
 Ningas Cogon: enthusiastic and energetic in the beginning. Pakitang tao, hanggang
sa simula lang.
 Colonial Mentality: Filipino attitude of preferring imported goods or products and
foreign ideas than locally made ones.
 Kamag-anak system: refers to the system of close relatives which appointed to a
position with or without qualifications. Nepotism, political dynasty

The Philippines culture has a big part of every Filipino, because it is the general
identity of every Filipino. Values and Traits became unique and known to other
countries including its traditions and practices.

MODULE 3

LESSON 3: FILIPINO CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

After having gone through this lesson, the learner will be able to;

Identify the different ways of Filipino customs and traditions

Explain the different ways of customs and traditions
Evaluate its practices through their observations and daily
experiences.

Asia is one of the seven continents that has many customs and traditions, like the
other countries, Philippines is one of the most and known country that practice
many social customs and traditions. According to free dictionary Customs is a
traditional practice or usual way of doing something followed by a social group or
people. Every individual Filipino people practice different customs and traditions
unconsciously, however, some customs and traditions were practice simultaneously
and stresses more on different ways. In relation to the previous lesson about
Filipino values and traits, customs and traditions also follows in the practices as
being a Filipino.

Filipino Customs and Traditions

 Fun loving and Fiesta loving: Filipino people are fond of celebrations and fiestas.
Such as; Ati-atihan festival, Panagbenga and Sinulog festival.
 Hospitable: kind and welcoming to visitors, and able to shares what they have.
 Strong beliefs in superstitions and the spirit of dead relatives. Kaluluwa/Soul,
aswang, kapre.
 Paglalagay ng The Last Supper pictures and messages sa harap ng hapagkainan
 Paglalagay ng Prayer corner sa loob ng bahay maging sa labas.
 Pagdidisplay ng larawan , diploma, plake sa living room
 Nakataas ang isang paa habang kumakain
 Pagsawsaw ng tinapay sa kape o gatas
 Pagpunta sa handaan kahit hindi inimbita
 Pagbabalot ng pagkain sa handaan
 Pagkain ng higit sa 3 beses sa isang araw
 Suki system of buying or getting services
 Paggamit ng luma o sirang damit bilang basahan
 Pagkuha ng maraming ninong at ninag sa binyag at kasal
 Ginagawang sabaw ang kape sa kanin, ginagawang toothpaste and kanin,
 Preparetion of celebration of Christmas start with September until the month of
January
 Nagtatago kapag may naniningil ng utang
 Pag-aalay ng mga ariarian o dowry sa mapapangsawang babae
 Nagkakaroon ng ibat-ibang pananaw at tingin sa mga pamilyang mayayaman at
mahihirap, Social Status sytem.
 Pangungutang para lamang may panghanda sa piyesta
 Paggamit ng junior sa mga anak na lalaki
 Pagbibigay ng pera sa patay bilang abuloy at regalo sa kasal at binyag.

There are many ways wherein people apply their customs and traditions; site
for example is that, being a religious person, Philippines considered to be a
Christianized country, as you can observe many sects and religions are in the said
country like the others. Another is that Filipino people became unique as many
Asian countries does, one of these practices is that the customs and traditions of
the different ethnic groups which is very known and still practice by them.
The social customs and traditions of the Filipino people, like the other countries
such as China, Japan, Indonesia, and Malaysia, gave specific Asian touch to the
cultural heritage of the Philippines.

SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:

Society and Culture, by Roman D. Leano, Jr. pp. 220.

Published:Mindshapers, Guadalupe, Makati City.
Society and Culture in a Changing World. By; Baliao and Farcon. 2011.p.1
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/customs
https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Filipino-Customs-and-
Traditions

httpss://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/11-things-you-
should-know-about-the-filipino-culture/

https://primer.com.ph/tips-guides/2019/07/07/6-truly-unique-filipino-
traditions/

https://www.pinterest.ph/cindylyons/filipino-culture-and-traditions/