UNESCO‐NIGERIA TECH HNICAL &

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VOCATION NAL EDUCA
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REVITTALISATIO
ON PROJEC
CT‐PHASE II

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ATIONA
AL DIPLO
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SC
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ORATO
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GLT 1
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YEAR 1: SEMES
STER 1
ACTICA
PRA AL

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Version 1: Decembeer 2008

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 1…………………………………………………………………………………….3

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 2…………………………………………………………………………………….4

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 3…………………………………………………………………………………….5

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 4…………………………………………………………………………………….6

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 5…………………………………………………………………………………….8

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 6…………………………………………………………………………………….10

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 7…………………………………………………………………………………….11

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 8…………………………………………………………………………………….14

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 9…………………………………………………………………………………….15

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 10…………………………………………………………………………………..16

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 11 ‐ 12……………………………………………………………………………18

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 13………………………………………………………………………………….19

PRACTICAL EXERCISE WEEK 14 ‐ 15……………………………………………………………………………21

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1

Aim: Identification of sources of hazards within the working environment.

MATERIALS: Writing materials

Method:

1. Take a familiarization visit to each of the laboratories in the department

2. Identify sources that can be dangerous to people working in them.

3. Record your observation

4. Recommend remedies to the observed sources of hazards.

5. Formulate safety rules for each of the laboratories based on your observation.

Conclusion:

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 2

AIM: Demonstration on the correct use of safety devices, outlets and fire drill.

MATERIALS: Safety devices such fire extinguishers, fire mats, masks, respirators, emergency

exits and others.

METHOD:

1. Pick one of these devices and thoroughly observe the parts

2. Follow the supervisor as he/she demonstrates the correct use and handling of the

device.

3. Sketch the diagram for the device in your report book and label the parts.

4. Carry out steps 1‐3 on all the other devices that are provided.

5. When the fire alarm is sounded, escape through the available exit point from where

your are.

6. Go straight to the assembly point

7. Take a roll call of people in the assembly point to ensure that nobody is missing.

8. Go back to your various locations.

9. Report what you have done

10. Carry out this exercise highlighted in steps 5 – 9 on regular basis to create awareness

on fire hazard.

CONCLUSION:

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PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3

Aim: Identification of laboratory wares and their handling

Materials: Laboratory Apparatus/Equipment and manufacturers catalogues.

Method:

1. Take a visit to each of the laboratories

2. Identify the furnishing and comment on the differences in the various arrangement
seen
3. Pick each of the apparatus/equipment found in each of the laboratories
4. Sketch the physical appearance of each of them with labels.
5. Describe the mode of handling, uses and care for each of them when in use
6. Comment on your experience about the laboratories during this visit.

Results:

S/N Apparatus/Equipment Sketch Handling mode Care

Conclusion:

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4

Aim: Cleaning of glasswares

Materials: Different glasswares that are available in the laboratory, cleansing reagents,
brushes, cleansing detergent/powder, tap water and distilled water.

Method:

1. Select the glasswares that are superficially dirty.

2. Wash each of them in fairly hot water containing cleansing detergent

3. Add a small quantity of the cleansing powder and brush thoroughly.

4. Properly rinse with tap water and finally with distilled water.

5. Hang each of them in a rack to dry

6. Pick the glasswares that may contain oil and grease.

7. Pour into each of them a warm detergent solution and a scourer

8. Rinse with tap water and them washed with a small volume of concentrated

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

9. Rinse again with tap water and finally with distilled water and then dry.

10. Alternatively, the oil and grease on glassware can be cleaned by washing with a

warm solution of 10g of NaOH and 5g of Boric acid dissolved in 100ml of water or 10

– 15ml of 50% KOH solution in 100ml industrial methylated spirit for a period of 10

minutes.

11. Pick stained glasswares among those provided

12. Pour a saturated solution of ferrous sulphate in dilute sulphuric acid into each of the

stained glassware.

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 13. Rinse properly with tap water and finally with distilled water.

14. Permanganate stains can be removed with washing in sulphuric acid and rinsing with

water

15. Iron strains can be removed using dilute hydrochloric acid and rinsing with water.

Conclusion:

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 5

Aim: Calibration of a Volumetric flask

Materials: Volumetric flasks of various volumes, Analytical balance. Thermometer,

detergent, cleansing reagents and distilled water.

Method:

1. Clean the flask thoroughly, rinse it and then dry

2. Record the temperature of the room and maintain it.

3. Weigh the flask on the balance and record its mass m1

4. Fill the flask to its mark with distilled water using a rubber pipette.

5. Weigh the flask and distilled water on the balance and record the mass m2.

6. Determine the mass of water only by taking the difference between the two masses

(i.e. m2 ‐ m1).

7. Determine the volume of water contained in the flask using

8. Calculate the difference between the volume indicated on the flask and the one

determined experimentally.

9. Check the standard table to categorize the class of the flask

10. Repeat this procedure for all the volumes of flasks provided

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Standard table for volumetric flasks

Tolerance ± (cm3) [difference b/w nominal and measured values]

Volumes (cm3) Class A Class B

5 0.02 0.03

10 0.02 0.03

25 0.03 0.04

50 0.04 0.06

100 0.06 0.10

200 0.10 0.20

250 0.10 0.20

500 0.15 0.30

1000 0.20 0.40

2000 0.40 0.60

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 6

Aim: Calibration of a Pipette

Materials: Pipettes of various volumes, Analytical balance, Density bottle, stop

watches/clocks, thermometer, cleansing reagents, detergent and distilled water.

Method:

1. Clean the pipette and the density bottle and leave to dry

2. Maintain the temperature of the room throughout the calibration process.

3. Weigh the density bottle on the balance and record mass m1.

4. Fill the pipette to its mark with distilled water.

5. Discharge the water in the pipette into the density bottle and then time the period it

takes to discharge the whole content.

6. Weigh the density bottle with its content and record the mass m2.

7. Determine the mass of the water taking the difference between the two masses (i.e

m2 – m1)

8. Calculate the volume of water contained in the bottle by using

9. Determine the difference between the volume indicated on the pipette and the

experimental volume.

10. Check the standard table and classify the pipette

11. Repeat this procedure for all the volumes of pipette provided

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 7

Aim: Calibration of a Burette

Materials: Burette, Density bottles, Analytical balance, thermometer, cleansing reagents,

detergent and distilled water.

Method:

1. Clean both the burette and density bottle properly and then leave to dry

2. Maintain the room temperature throughout the experiment

3. Weigh the density bottle and record the mass m1.

4. Fill in the burette to one of the marks such as 0 – 5cm3 with distilled water.

5. Discharge the burette content into the density bottle.

6. Weigh the density bottle with its mark and note the mass m2.

7. Determine the mass of the water by taking the difference between the masses m1

and m2

8. Calculate the mass of water contained in the bottle using

9. Fill in the burette to other volumes such as 0 – 10cm3,

0 – 15cm3, 0 – 20cm3, 0 – 50cm3 and 0 – 100cm3.

10. Repeat steps 4 to 8 for each of the ranges.

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 11. Determine the difference between each of the upper limits of the range and the one

indicated on the burette.

12. Check the standard table and determine the class of the burette.

Standard Table for Burette

Tolerance ± (cm3) [difference b/w the nominal and measured values]

Volumes (cm3) Class A Class B

1 0.01 0.02

2 0.01 0.02

5 0.02 0.03

10 0.02 0.04

20 0.04 0.08

50 0.06 0.10

100 0.10 0.20

Conclusion:

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Standard table for pipette

Tolerance ± (cm3) [difference b/w volumes for m1 and m2]

Volumes (cm3) Class A Class B Delivery time (s)

1 0.01 0.02 5 ‐ 10

2 0.01 0.02 7 ‐ 15

5 0.02 0.03 10 ‐ 20

10 0.02 0.04 15 – 25

20 0.03 0.05 15 – 30

25 0.03 0.06 20 ‐ 35

50 0.04 0.08 25 – 40

100 0.06 0.12 30 – 50

Conclusion:

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 8

Aim: Recalibration of hot air Ovens.

Materials: Hot – air oven (analogue and digital), thermometer, stop watch/clock and

marker.

Method:

1. Check each of the ovens to ensure it functions well

2. Pick the analogue oven and insert a thermometer in the hole provided for it.

3. Record the temperature indicated by the thermometer with the oven on switch‐off

mode

4. Set the temperature of the oven at a point on its scale such as 200C and switch on.

5. Start the stop watch at the same time as switching on the oven.

6. Stop the watch as soon as the set temperature is attained

7. Record the actual temperature indicated by thermometer and the time taken to

attain it

8. Determine the thermometer reading and time of the oven temperature at every

interval of 100C

9. Repeat this procedure for the digital oven.

10. Record your results in the table given

11. Compare and comment on the results obtained from the two types of oven.

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 9

Aim: Conversion of a milliammeter to ammeter

Materials: centre – zero milliammeter, shunts, connecting wires and switches.

Method:

1. Pick a centre – zero milliammeter and copy the parameters indicated on it.

2. Use the information obtained from the millaiammeter and the equation, Rs =

where Rs= shunt resistance, Ic=coil current, Rc=coil resistance and Is =

shunt current to calculate the resistance of the shunt for various current values

3. Calculate and record the shunt resistance that can be used for current values of 5A,

10A, 20A, 50A and 100A

4. Pick each of the shunt required for the given current values and connect the

appropriate circuits that will implement them.

5. Show your circuits to the supervisor and also draw it in your report book

6. Plot a graph that can be used as an alternative to determine the shunt resistance

values for different current ranges.

Results:

Current Values (A) Shunt Resistance Values (Ώ)

Conclusion:

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 10

Aim: Conversion of a milliammeter to voltmeter

Materials: Centre –zero milliammeters, multipliers, connecting wires and switches.

Method:

1. Pick a centre – zero milliammeter and copy the information on it.

2. Use the information obtained and the equation

where Rm=multiplier resistance, Vm=voltage across the multipler and

Im= current passing through the multiplier to calculate the multiplier resistance.

3. Calculate and record the multiplier resistance that can be used for voltages of 10V,

20V, 50V, 80V, and 100V.

4. Connect the appropriate circuits to give the values of voltages given using the

calculated multipliers.

5. Draw these circuits and show it t your supervisor

6. Plot a graph that can be used as an alternative to determine the multipliers

resistance for different voltage ranges.

Results:

Voltages (V) Multiplier Resistance Values (Ώ)

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Conclusion:

Results:

A. Analogue Oven

Oven Temp. Setting (oC) Thermometer Reading (oC) Time (mins)

10

20

30

40

50

B. Digital Oven

Oven Temp. Setting (oC) Thermometer Reading (oC) Time (mins)

Conclusion:

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 11 AND 12

Aim: Production of Teaching Aids and Projection Materials

Materials: Cardboard papers, markers and transparencies.

Method:

1. Get different cardboard papers and markers.

2. Draw wall charts on hazards in the laboratory and safety rules

3. Produce a flip chart which teaches a process or describe a system

4. Produce transparencies on a chosen topic by you and submit before presentation

5. Prepare a slide for projection

6. Present your work for display and projection

Critically look at the projectors provided, sketch each of them and label its parts.

If a projector is provided that has a fault whereby the projection is blurred, what could be done
to remedy that situation?

Give your answer.

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 13

Aim: Identification of tools and measuring instruments used in maintenance activities.

Materials: Different tools and instruments, data book and manufacturers catalogues.

Method:

1. Look at each of the tools and instruments provided.

2. Check for information and sketches / diagrams on each of them from the data book
and catalogues.
3. Use the information obtained to complete the tables of results.

Results:

a. Tools

S/N Description Sketch Specific use in maintenance exercise

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b. Instruments

S/N Description Diagram Application in Maintenance

Conclusion:

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISES 14 AND 15

Aim: Maintenance Practice on Science and Electronic equipment.

Materials: Selected Science and Electronic equipment in the laboratory, measuring

instruments, tools and cleaning materials.

Method:

1. Pick each of the equipment provided

2. Identify the maintenance tasks required in each of them.
3. In switch‐off mode, open up the equipment with the tools provided.
4. State your observation on the condition of the equipment
5. Carry out preventive maintenance required on each of them.
6. Report the activities that you have carried out on the equipment.
7. Carry out fault diagnosis on the faulty equipment and rectify their faults if possible.
8. Narrate the procedure for your diagnosis and possible repairs

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