Unit-1-The Travel and Tourism Industry

IGCSE Cambridge
Travel & Tourism

Unit 1: The travel & tourism industry
Name: _____________________________________
Form: ___________ Teacher: __________________

IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism Unit 1: Tourism & Travel Industry
Contents
1. Definitions ……………………………………………….. 1
2. Who are tourists? ………………………………………… 2
3. What is the travel and tourism industry ……………….. 3
4. Role and function of tourist boards ……………………. 5
W
5. Role of tourist information and guiding services …….. 6
W
6. Role of the travel agent …………………………………. 7
E
7. Role of tour operators …………………………………… 8
I E
8. Role of accommodation operators …………………….. 10
I
9. Types of accommodation ………………………………. 11
V
10. Role of transport providers ……………………………… 14
V
11. Role of attractions and entertainment centres ……….. 16
o mm
E
12. Impact of tourism: positive……………………………… 25
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E
s
13. Economic impact of tourism: multiplier effect ……….. 26
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14. Economic impact of tourism: case study - Liverpool … 28
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15. Economic impact of tourism: negative ………………… 29
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s
16. Environmental impact of tourism: positive ……………. 32
17.
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Environmental impact of tourism: case study ………….
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33
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18. Environmental impact of tourism: case study …………. 33
19.
c e s f
Environmental impact of tourism: negative … ……….. 35
20.
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Environmental impact of tourism: case study ………… 35
21.
s o u
Socio-cultural impact of tourism: positive ……………..
o
37
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22. Socio-cultural impact of tourism: negative ……………. 38
23.
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Socio-cultural impact of tourism: case study ………….. 39
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24. Socio-cultural impact of tourism: case study ………….. 40
25. Involvement of government …………………………….. 46
26. Actions of government ………………………………….. 47
27. Provision of tourist information centre ………………… 49
28. Provision of tourist information centre: case study …… 49
29. Tourist participation rate ………………………………… 54
30. International tourist arrivals …………………………….. 55
31. International tourist arrivals - 2000 & 2017 …………… 56
31. International tourist arrivals - by region ………………. 57
32. International tourist arrivals - historic growth ………… 58
33. International tourist arrivals - growth by region ……… 59
34. International travel patterns ……………………………. 60
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Introduction
1 What is tourism?
Definitions
Tourism is defined as the activities of visitors. A visitor is
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someone who is making a visit to a main destination outside his/
W
her usual environment for less than a year for any main purpose
E
[including] holidays, leisure and recreation, business, health,
I E
education or other purposes….
I
(United Nations World Tourism Organisation )
E VV
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Tourism is the temporary short movement of people to
. c o
E
destinations outside places where they normally live and work
l s . c
and their activities during their stay at these destinations
ools
R
o
(UK Tourism Society)
R
c h h o
PP
o rs s c
sf fo r Key terms from UNWTO
c e
rrce s
o uu
Tourist accommodation
s
Occupancy rate
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Place where a tourist stays
for the night
number of rooms used
against number of rooms
ww . available eg 75%
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Duration of stay Overnight visitor
How long a tourist Stays for
Tourist
stays in one place the night
Visitor
International visitor Tourist receipts

Visitor from another country Money spent by tourists
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1.1 Understand & explain the structure of the international travel & tourism industry
2 Who are the tourists?
International tourists - people from other countries - London to Dubai
Domestic tourists - people from the same country - Dubai to RAK
WW
Activity 1 Give 3 examples below:
I E
E
Leisure tourists
I
. visiting for pleasure 1. ____________________________________
V
. going for a day visit
V
. staying overnight 2. ____________________________________
. going on holiday - short break or longer
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c
3. ____________________________________
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E
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o
R
c h h o
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Visiting family & friends 1. ____________________________________
. visiting for pleasure
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. staying overnight
sf fo r 2. ____________________________________
e s
. visit for an occasion
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(wedding, birthday, Eid etc)
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3. ____________________________________
s oo u
.rrees
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Business tourists
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. people travelling for business
. high spenders (flights, accommodation & food)
MICE - meetings, incentives, conferences & exhibitions
Meetings: sharing information within a company or meeting people from other companies
Incentives: travel as a company reward
Conferences: lots people (100+) meeting for one or more days
Exhibitions: people visit to view products or services
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3 What is the travel & tourism industry?
. Every 1 in 11.5 people are tourists

. Big growth in tourism and travel over last 40 years
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Travel & tourism industry is a mix of a huge range of businesses
E
Travel & Tourism
I
I E
hostels
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Air BnB
V
cafes
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airlines car re
n tal
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E
accommodation
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E
transport
ships
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oolss . c & catering
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taxis
o
R
railways
h
hotels
c h o
PP
restaurants
o rs s c
sf fo r
holidays
r c ee s
travel agent u
so ur
c package holiday
s
e
rres s o tour operators
.
business tra
w .
vel
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specialised holidays
maps
guides beaches
museums
tourist info
rmation
& guiding s attractions
ervices
shopping parks
tourist information theme
centres sports events
Activity 2 Give examples of your experiences in the travel & tourism industry
Travel & Tourism
I E
EWW
VVI transport
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E
accommodation
. c o
E
& catering
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R
o
R
c h h o
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o rs s c
sf fo r
c e
rrce s
o uu
travel agents
s
tour operators
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tourist info
rmation
& guiding s
ervices attractions
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4 What is the travel & tourism industry?
Role and function of tourist boards
W
The role of the National Tourism Organisations is very important - to increase the number
W
of visitors to their country.
I E
E
Government may give the the NTOs a target to achieve:
I
. increase number of tourists to X
. amount of money spent by tourists = X
VV
mm
NTOs develop strategies to achieve those targets
E
. targets for local or regional tourist boards
. c o
E
l
oolss . c
R
o
R
c h h o
PP
o rs s c
sf fo r
c e s
Example of a tourist board: Croatia
rrce
o uu
s
rrees o
.
Aim: to increase number of tourists (inbound)
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to their country and co-ordinate country’s
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activities in attracting tourists
• bringing together all the offerings for tourists of the Republic of Croatia
• doing market research for the promotion of Croatian tourism
• making promotional plans of the Croatian tourist product
• analysis of promotional activities
• establishing the Croatian tourist information system
• doing tourist information activities around the world
• providing and coordinating incentives of all the tourist boards, as well as all
• putting tourist offices in foreign countries,
• helping tourism in undeveloped parts of the Republic of Croatia
5 What is the travel and tourism industry?
Role of tourist information & guiding services
W
Tourist information Centres
W
. giving information - leaflets, guides, brochures + online
E
. offer advice + book accommodation, transport etc.
I E
. local guides
I
Guiding services
V
. tour guide showing visitors around sites, town or region
V
. explain history, geography, culture, traditions of the area etc
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E
. c o
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s c
Role of ancillary tourist services
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ools .
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. other services offered to tourists
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h o
. ticket sales {
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very profitable for many travel agencies
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. travel insurance
. currency exchange
f o rr s c
s o
. local souvenirs
c e s f
u rrce
s oo u
.rrees
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wwww Visitor information, Ch
icago
n,
Visitor informatio
un tai ns, Au str alia
Blue Mo
Visitor information,
Bath, England
Currency exchange
6 of 69 6 of 69
Roles of the sub sectors
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Travel agent
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. give information and
I E
offer advice
I
. make all holiday arrangements
VV
mm
Miniples Multiples
E
. c
. independent . many branches
E
. in a local area
l
oolss . c around the country
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Travel agents
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R
c h h o
PP
o rs s c
sf fo r
c e
rrce ssell products from suppliers:
o uu
s
. airlines . tour operators . car hire companies .
.rrees o . hotels . currency exchanges .

. transport . travel insurance .
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or
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Online travel agents Computerised Reservation Systems - CRS
Global Distribution Systems - GDS
Deal directly with suppliers . used by travel agents to book
eg Emirates airline or a hotel
Travel agent in a mall
Role of the tour operators
Tour operators
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Package holiday = flights, transfers, accommodation, activities etc = one fixed price
VI E
. Easy . Convenient . Cheaper.
om
E
.c
Tour operators Package holidays one fixed
l s
price
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buy cheaper - buy bulk
c h
Includes: flights, transfers, oo
P
rs
accommodation, activities etc
fo
+ tour guide
r c es
o u
r e s Leading tour operators:
.
To make a profit tour operators must :
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. meet the needs & expectations of customers
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. provide co-ordinated services
. buy in bulk to reduce prices
. arrange the visas, ticketing, vouchers etc
. keep customers safe
. provide all necessary information (maps, guides etc)
. get feedback to improve
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Role of tour operators, travel agents & tourist informations centres
Activity 3 Read each statement and circle the correct answers (they may be more than one)
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Statement Tour operator . Travel agent . Tourist information
E
Tour operator Travel agent Tourist
1. Provide information like maps,
I
information
guides etc
Tourist
V
2. Provide currency exchange Tour operator Travel agent
services information
om
E
.c
l s
3. Provides package holidays information
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Tour operator
c h
Travel agent oo Tourist
P
rs
4. Knows the most about a local area information
fo
es
5. Some have their own airline
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information
u r
e s o
6. Have shops and are online Tour operator Travel agent Tourist
information
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7. Thomas Cook
w w Tour operator Travel agent Tourist
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information
8. Sells package holidays Tour operator Travel agent Tourist

information

9. Buy in bulk, to sell more cheaply
information

10. Sell travel insurance
information
Role of the accommodation operators
Tourists need somewhere to stay when they are on holiday.
W
The are many different types of accommodation.
I E
Serviced Chain
V
Range of services available: National or International
m
. restaurants . room service companies with many units :
E
. laundry . shops . Jumeirah . Hilton
. gym . pool . Sheraton
l s
. Premier Inn
.c
R
o
. fully staffed . Marriot . Atlantis
h o
sc
or
P
or
fo r
s
Non-serviced Independent
r c e Only a one or few units
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Provide accommodation only
o
Including houses, cottages, usually is one area
e s
apartments, caravans
r
w.
tents etc
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Accommodation ratings - different countries use their own ratings for different types of
accommodation
. International hotels have a star rating: 5 to 1 (7 star for the Burj Al Arab, Dubai)
Other types of accommodation have a similar rating for each country, but not all
countries ratings mean the same
10 of 69 10 of 69
Types of accommodation available in most destinations
W
Example of
Hotel a room in a hostel
E
. 10 rooms +
. food
I
. services: food,
Hostel
gym, shops etc
. basic accommodation
V
. low prices
om
E l s .c
R
oo
Bed & Breakfast
Guesthouse
c h
P
. 5 rooms +
rs
. breakfast only Hotel apartment
fo . larger accommodation
es
. services
u r c
e s o
.r
w
Holiday camp Motel in the USA
w
. cabins, caravans or tents
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. some services
Holiday camp in the UK
Holiday home Motel

Air bnb . 10 rooms +
. one room or apartment . by a road
or house
Types of accommodation
Activity 4a Research examples of the different types of accommodation
W
1. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________
E
2. _______________________________ 5. _______________________________
I
3. _______________________________ 6. _______________________________
V
1. _____________________________
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4. _____________________________
o
apartment
E
.c
Hotel
2. _____________________________ 5. _____________________________
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R
oo
3. _____________________________ 6. _____________________________
c h
P
1. _____________________________
fo rs Motels
Holiday
2. _____________________________
r c es
camp
o u
3. _____________________________
r e s 1. _______________________________
w. 1. _____________________________ 2. _______________________________
w w 2. _____________________________ 3. _______________________________
3. _____________________________
Holiday home
1. _______________________________ 4. _____________________________
2. _______________________________ 5. _____________________________
Air bnb 3. _______________________________ 6. _____________________________
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Types of accommodation
Activity 4b Explain who might stay in the different types of accommodation and why?
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Who? ____________________________________________________________
E
Why? ____________________________________________________________
I
__________________________________________________________________
V m
Who? ____________________________________________________________
o
apartment
E
.c
Hotel
s
Why? ____________________________________________________________
R
oo
__________________________________________________________________
c h
P
Who?__________________________
fo rs The USA has 1000s of
es
motels, the UAE has
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Why? __________________________ none, why is this?
r
Holiday
camp
o u
_______________________________
r e s
w.
Who?__________________________
Who?__________________________
w w
Why? __________________________
Why? __________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Holiday home
Who? ____________________________________________________________
Why? ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Air bnb
Role of transport providers
Transport helped in the development of tourism. Growth of tourism helped transport.
W
Being able to get to destinations - transport - has helped tourism grow.
E
Factors affecting transport:
I
. Price . Ease of access . Timings . Departure points .
Air
E V Rail
l s .c om
R
h oo
. travel from country to country
P
. scheduled flights
rs
. travel within a country
(Emirates, BA, Virgin) . easy to use
. low cost or budget
fo
es
. link major cities
(Air Arabia, Ryanair) . travel overnight
. chartered flights
(part of package holiday)
u r c . specialised journeys: Orient Express.
o
Trans Siberian & South African Blue
r e s
. fast for very long journeys
w.
Coach
w w Car Water
. cruise ships
. domestic or international . hire/rent a car
. ferries
. private hire . fly - drive holidays
. water taxis
. tour & excursion . taxis
. yacht & boat hire
. transfer . limousine services
14 of 69 14 of 69
What is the travel and tourism industry?
Role of transport providers
W
Activity 5 Research examples of companies for each type of transport
I E
Air Car
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
Coach
o
Rail
u Water
r e s
w.
w w
Role of attractions and entertainment centres
Key part of travel and tourism industry - often the reason why people visit places.
W
Always changing: entertainment, education, relaxation and amusement.
E
Change and adapt to attract visitors and make a profit.
I
Natural attractions
V m
. mountains . forests . coast . beaches . rivers . lakes
E l s .c
R
oo
Activity 6a List examples of natural attractions in the UAE
c h
P
__________________________
fo
________________________ rs ________________________
__________________________
r c es
________________________ ________________________
o u
r e s
w.
Man-made (built) attractions
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. theme parks . museums . heritage centres . shopping centre .
. animal parks . cinemas . historic sites . sports facilties .
Activity 6b List examples of man-made attractions in the UAE
__________________________ ________________________ ________________________
__________________________ ________________________ ________________________
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Activity 7 Name of attraction:
Location
Type of attraction
What is there for the
W
visitors to do?
Catering
VI E om
E
Cost
l s .c
R
oo
For tourist or business
traveller?
c h
P fo rs
es
Name of attraction:
Location
u r c
Type of attraction
e s o
.r
visitors to do?
w w
w
Catering
Cost

traveller?
Name of attraction:
Location
Type of attraction
W
visitors to do?
Catering
VI E om
E
.c
Cost
l s
R
oo
traveller?
c h
P fo rs
es
Name of attraction:
Location
u r c
Type of attraction
e s o
.r
w w
w
visitors to do?
Catering
Cost

traveller?
18 of 69 18 of 69
Activity 8 Research examples of companies under each heading
Entertainment
Transport
I E W
E V l s .c om
R
oo
Travel agencies
c h
P fo rs
r c es
Accommodation
o u
r e s
w.
w
Sport & Leisure
w
Attractions
Structure of the international travel and tourism industry
Review 1.1 Write six summaries and list the key words/terms for this topic
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1 2
VI E om
E
3 4
l s .c
R c h oo
P fo rs
es
5 6
u r c
e s o
.r
w w
w
20 of 69 20 of 69
Activity 9 Answer the exam style questions
a) Define the following terms: (2+2)
W
Leisure tourist ________________________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
Business tourist _______________________________________________________________________
om
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
s
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l .c
R
h oo
b) Explain two reasons why tourists might prefer to book a holiday with a travel agent (3+3)
P fo rs
1____________________________________________________________________________________
es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
u
s o
2____________________________________________________________________________________
e
.r
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
w
c) Explain the role of a travel agent (6)
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
d) Define the following terms: (2+2)
W
Self catering accommodation___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Air BnB ______________________________________________________________________________
V
_____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
.c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s
R
oo
e) Explain two reasons why tourists might prefer to book a package holiday (3+3)
c h
P
rs
1____________________________________________________________________________________
fo
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r
u
2____________________________________________________________________________________
o
e s
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r
w.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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f) Explain the role of a National Tourism Board (6)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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g) Explain the importance of occupancy rates to National Tourism Boards
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____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
_____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s .c
R
oo
h) Define the following terms: (2+2)
c h
P
rs
Serviced accommodation______________________________________________________________
fo
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r
o u
Scheduled flights _____________________________________________________________________
r e s
.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
w
i) Explain two reasons why attractions are important to tourist destinations (6)
1____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
j) Define the following terms: (2+2)
W
Natural attractions ____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Man-made attractions _________________________________________________________________
V
_____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
.c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s
R
oo
k) Explain two reasons why tourists might prefer to book a chain hotel rather than an independent
h
hotel (3+3)
P
o rs
1____________________________________________________________________________________
f
es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
u r c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
s o
2____________________________________________________________________________________
e
.r
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
l) Explain why the hotel rating system is important for tourists (6)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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1.2 Investigate the social, cultural, economic & environmental impact of travel & tourism
12 What is the travel and tourist industry?
Impact of tourism
Tourist activities have advantages (positive) and disadvantages (negative)
W
Recent years tourism been positive for Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDC)
E
Improved transport means anywhere in the world is accessible - including areas of poverty
I
Between 2001-2010 LEDCs tourism grown by 48%, rest of the world 17%
V
Growth of tourism in More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC) also increasing,
m
with new attractions or improving attractions already there. e.g. Global Village
E
The POSITIVE economic impacts of tourism
l s .c
R
h
. Tourism provides opportunities for international and local businesses
c oo
P
rs
. Tourism needs a lot of workers (labour intensive)
fo
. Tourism can encourage businesses in other areas of the economy
es
. 83% of countries get most of their foreign currency (money) from tourism
u r c
. US$ 800 billion in tax from tourism around the world
s o
. 10% of workers involved in tourism
e
.r
w w
w
hotel
restaurants
souvenir sa
les
taxis street market sightseeing
The economic impacts of tourism
Positive
W
The multiply effect
VI E NEW HOTEL
Local businesses
om
E
.c
supply the hotel
l s
R
oo
New jobs in the hotel
c h
P
New businesses
fo rs
es
come to the area
New jobs in the local
u r c area
e s o
.r
Money lost
w w Workers spend their
money in the local area
w
through leakage + more tax for govt.
Area becomes a more popular

destination, businesses make
Tax money used to improve more profit, reinvest and
infrastructure, tourist facilites, improve facilities
advertising etc
26 of 69 26 of 69
Activity 10 List examples below
Examples of jobs in a hotel:

1. ____________________ 2. ________________ 3. __________________
W
New jobs in the hotel 4. ____________________ 5. ________________ 6. __________________
I E
Examples of businesses that supply a hotel:
V
1. ____________________ 2. ________________ 3. __________________
om
E
Local businesses
.c
supply the hotel 4. ____________________ 5. ________________ 6. __________________
l s
R c h oo
Examples of new businesses that might come to the area near a hotel:
P
o rs
1. ____________________ 2. ________________ 3. __________________
f
es
New businesses
c
4. ____________________ 5. ________________ 6. __________________
r
come to the area
o u
r e s Examples of local jobs in the area:
w. 1. ____________________ 2. ________________ 3. __________________
w w
New jobs in the
local area 4. ____________________ 5. ________________ 6. __________________
Examples of how the government might spend the extra tax money:
1. ____________________ 2. ________________ 3. __________________
Tax money used to 4. ____________________ 5. ________________ 6. __________________

improve infrastructure,
tourist facilites, 7. ____________________ 8. ________________ 9. __________________
advertising etc
14
The European Capital of Culture
Case study: (ECoC) was started by the European
Liverpool Union in 1985, with the title awarded
European every year to a European Union
Capital of country. Cities awarded this have
Culture
W
culture-led urban regeneration.
I E
Economic impact in Liverpool
V
Increase in number of visitors 34%
om
E
.c
Reason for visit - ECoC 35%
l s
R
oo
Total visitors 9.7 million
c h
P
First time visitors to Liverpool
fo rs 6.4 million (66%)
International visitors
r c es 2.6 million
o u
r e s
International visitors reason for visit - ECoC 97%
w.
Nights spent in Liverpool 1.14 million
w w
Jobs created 10,225
Tourist spending in Liverpool £521,630,000
Overseas visitors increased in the build up to ECoC in 2008, dropped

for 2009 & 2010, and have increased since.
2000 = 200,000 overseas visitors
2017 = 839,000 overseas visitors
Source: Impact 18
England‟s Northwest Research Service and Impacts 08 (2010) – Economic Impact of ECoC Visits
28 of 69 28 of 69
The economic impacts of tourism: NEGATIVE
Often richer countries benefit more than poorer ones

LEDCs often need financial & management expertise from outside their country
W
From package holidays 80% of travellers’ money goes to international airlines,
hotels and others, this is known as leakage
I E
Import leakage
Imported goods - equipment, food & drink etc (eg Coca Cola)
Much of the money therefore goes out of the country
V
Money lost
m
through leakage
Export leakage
E
.c
Building tourist infrastructure - resorts, hotels etc can be very expensive - can be too
expensive for many LEDCs
l s
R
oo
Large multi-national companies often use their money (capital) to build the tourist facilities
h
Much of the profits are then taken by these companies
P
All inclusive holidays
fo rs
es
All inclusive holidays, mean everything is included for a fixed price - food, drinks,
c
entertainment etc
u r
These holidays are popular on cruise ships and in resorts.
o
BUT local businesses loss out eg bars and restaurants.
r e s
w.
Infrastructure spending
Local government & local taxpayers often have to improve airports, roads and other services
w
- this can be very expensive and because of leakage they may not get their money back.
w
Inflation
With the arrival of tourists, prices of goods can rise (inflation), badly effecting locals.
The price of land and property can increase with tourist facilties meaning locals cannot afford
land in the area.
Tourist dependency
A local tourist economy can suffer if tourism goes in decline through natural disaster or
terrorism etc.
What is the travel and tourism industry? The economic impacts of tourists
Activity 11 Read the statement for the case studies and decide if it TRUE or FALSE
W
Statement T F
E
1
ECoC for Liverpool increased visitor numbers
VI
2
Inclusive holidays are good for local restaurants & bars
om
E
.c
3
s
Infra-structure spending can often leave local taxpayers owning a lot
R
oo
of money
c h
P
rs
Inflation is often a problem for locals in tourist areas
fo
es
5
c
Liverpool had 9.7 million first time visitors for the ECoC
u r
6
e s o
Tourism makes all the locals in the area richer
.r
7
w w
w
Tourists often prefer international goods than local ones
8
More people visit Liverpool after 2010 than did during 2008
9
Poorer countries always benefit more from tourism than richer
countries
10
Tourism can have positive and negative impacts on the local
community
30 of 69 30 of 69
What is the travel and tourism industry? The economic impacts of tourists
What are the positive & negative economic impacts of tourism on

Activity 12
any chosen location?
W
Positive Negative
VI E om
E l s .c
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
o u
r e s
w.
w w
The environmental impacts of tourism
W
Natural and man-made environments are important to locals and tourists.
E
Tourists and tourism aren’t always good for the environment - building etc
I
Money from tourists
V
Conservation of the natural environment
. tourists often want the environment to be . money that tourism brings to a country
m
unspoilt allows governments to spend on the
E
.c
. encourages environmental protection, protection of the environment
s
. environmental friendly holidays
l
conservation and restoration
R
oo
. destroying the are increasingly popular
Positive impact - eco tourism
h
environment will lead to
c
of tourism on the
P
rs
less tourists
. wildlife parks & reserves environment
. protection of endangered
fo
es
species
c
Restoration of the urban environment
u r . increasingly tourists are seeking out the
e s o old rather than the new

. many ‘old’ areas of towns & cities have
.r been restored & now attract tourists
Eco Tourism
w w
w
. tourism that has minimal negative impact on the environment
. some destinations are now rated according to their environmental impact
for destinations being eco friendly and sustainable is both good for the
environment and good for business
32 of 69 32 of 69
The environmental impacts of tourism Positive
UK, Liverpool: Albert Docks
I E W
E V l s .c om
R
oo
Built in 1846, the docks were never very successful as the entrance was too small for many
h
ships. By 1920 the docks were rarely used by ships, only for storage.
P
rs
Used again during World War II (1939-45), but not for long. By 1972 the docks were empty.
fo
es
In 1983 The Albert Dock Company and the Merseyside Development Corporation developed
a plan to restore the docks as a tourist destination. Museum, hotels, restaurants and shops are
r c
very popular as are the events regularly held there.
u
e s o 18 Gijon, Spain
.r
w
Gijon encourages eco
w
tourists to its city & rural
w
areas. The money from
tourism is used to preserve
the environment & improve
the lives of the locals, with
new jobs and better services.
Gardens in Gijon
- over 30,00 plants
Tourism has a negative impact on the environment, when it harms the environment.
W
This can be done in a number of ways
E
Loss of habitat Pollution
I
. building tourist facilities - hotels, golf . with the growth of tourism comes the
courses etc, can destroy natural habitat growth of pollution:
V
. loss of plants and animals cannot be . waste increases & local waste plants
replaced struggle to cope with it
. soil erosion is common . increase in litter on land & sea
om
E
.c
problem Negative impact . air pollution increases with
. tourists & vehicles can of tourism on the
l s
more vehicles on the road
R
oo
destroy fragile habitat & environment . noise pollution increases with
h
scare animals tourist events & activities
P
rs
. sea pollution from boats plus littler
Resources
fo
es
. natural resources come under pressure with locals &
tourists needing them
u r c
. water shortages can occur with things like golf courses
s o
needed huge amounts of water
e
r
. land becomes more expensive & too expensive for locals
w.
w w
Overcrowding on the
beach in Thailand.
Pollution of the seas.
Rubbish at Everest base camp

Pollution at the beach
34 of 69 34 of 69
20 The environmental impacts of tourism
Negative
W
Bimini Island, The Bahamas
The islands are only 80km from Florida. It has been used
E
for many film locations including James Bond movies.
I
Mangroves surround many of the islands and are important in protecting the islands from
large waves.
The standard of living for many people is very low and most people on the island depend on
V
fishing for a living. Some people would like jobs in tourism.
om
E l s .c
R
oo
Bimini Bay Resort - effect on the environment
c h
P
People action Effect
fo rs
Natural environment
r c es
Natural environment
u
. Mangroves destroyed . Hurricanes quite common & mangroves help
e s o
. North Bimini lagoon damaged protect against wave surges
. Sewage leakage into mangroves
.r
Wildlife
w w Wildlife
w
. Less fish & conch . Local fishermen suffer
. Dolphins, lobster, sharks & turtles . Tourism suffers with loss of wild life
threatened
Water resources Water resources

. Tourist increase demand for water . Locals suffer with some water shortages
. Planned golf course make . Pumping more water can cause salt water to
water situation worse get into fresh water supplies
Activity 14 Answer the questions below
W
a) Explain how Liverpool improved its urban dock environment?
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
_____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s .c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
R c h oo
_____________________________________________________________________________________
P
rs
_____________________________________________________________________________________
fo
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r c es
o u
r e s
.
b) Why do you think the Bahamian government allowed the Bimini Bay Resort to be built?
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
36 of 69 36 of 69
The socio-cultural impacts of tourism
W
Tourism development
E
. improvements in infra-structure eg roads
I
. new opportunities for hosts eg jobs, higher incomes
. jobs in rural areas, stop people leaving the countryside
. tourist facilities used by locals eg restaurants, sports & health facilities,
V
Cultural
om
E
.c
. improve traditional industries
s
eg arts & crafts as tourists wants
l
Postive
R
oo
souvenirs
socio-cultural
. local festivals improved with
impacts
c h
P
tourist interest
fo rs
. improve cultural sites (for tourists)
& help preserve them
Tourist-host relations
r c es
o u
s
. improve understanding of each other’s
. reduce prejudice
.r e
traditions/culture/religion etc
w
. local guides act as information hubs & give positive image
w
w
Popular festival in Roma

nian al Thai festival
enjoying tradition
Tourists & locals
W
Tourism development
E
. too many tourists can cause congestion/overcrowding
I
. local prices can go higher with tourists
. many jobs created for locals are lower paid - foreigners have higher paid jobs
. money from businesses can go out of the country
E V
Negative
l s .c om
Cultural
R
oo
socio-cultural . cultural areas can be ruined with
tourists arriving in large numbers
h
impacts
c
. locals can be ‘westernised’ and lose
P
rs
own their language, traditions etc
fo . cultural activities can be fake

Tourist-host relations
r c es
. tourist behaviour can be rude
o u
s
. tourists not respect local customs/religion
r e
. increase in crime as tourists arrives
.
w
. sex tourism can exploit young women and children
w w
hed out of
Over development, with locals pus
Sex tourism in Mumbai, India popular tourist areas
38 of 69 38 of 69
23
Case study:
Taken from
Sauraha, research by
Nepal Janardan Poudel
W
Ph.D Scholar,
Mewar University,
Housing
VI E Local business
om
E
.c
. modern style houses for . many local products for
young people
Postive
l s
sale to tourists including in
R
oo
the hotels
socio-cultural
c h
P
impacts
rs
Work Culture
fo
. 60% of locals now work in . visitors learn about
es
tourism with higher wages Tharus traditions & culture
u r c
e s o
.r Housing
w w . traditional Tharus housing being lost
w
Moral behaviour
. increase in gambling
Family
. less multi generation living,
. more drug use
Negative young families live alone
socio-cultural
impacts
Work
Religion . traditional work in farming in
. less time to spend worshipping decline as young people
. other religious festivals arriving prefer tourism
24
Case study:
Banaue
Rice Terraces
Philipines
I E W
Banaue rice terraces are over 2000 years old & are known as
“Eighth Wonder of the World”, & a World Heritage Site (UNESCO).
V
Tourism grown in the area, over last 30 years, with hotels, shops etc.
om
E
.c
Impact of tourism on the Ifugao people has been great.
l s
R
Cultural
c h oo Land
P
rs
. cultural performances & sacred rituals . rice areas sold or changed to build
changed to suit the tourist accommodation or shops for tourists
fo
es
. timings changed to suit tourists eg
agricultural rituals
r c
. locals perform them for tourist money
u
Natural resources
o
. locals in traditional dress pose for photos Water
r e s
for tourist money . farmers now compete for water with
.
. tourists learn little about the Ifugao hotels & other tourist activities
w
culture & traditions Wood
w
. forests are being cut down to make
w
Farming tourist wood carving souvenirs
. some farmers growing vegetables for
tourists rather than rice
. many farmers prefer tourist jobs Artefacts
. fewer workers for rice farming & workers . artefacts handed down in the family for
now more expensive generations end up being sold to tourists
. prices gone up for farmers & collectors
. standard of living for farmers not risen . now locals try to preserve them
40 of 69 40 of 69
Activity 15 Read the statement and decide if it is TRUE or FALSE
W
Statement T F
E
1 Banaue rice terraces are over 3000 years old
VI
2 Banaue forests are being cut down for tourist siouvenirs
om
E
s .c
3 Banaue rice farmers now have a higher standard of living
R c h oo
P
4
rs
Banaue people prefer being farmers than work in tourism
fo
es
5
c
Water is in short supply in the Banaue region
u r
6
e s o
The Nepalese working in tourism have higher wages
.r
7
w w
Fewer Nepalese want to be traditional farmers
w
8 Traditional Tharus houses arer being built for tourists
9 Tourism has brought drug use and more crime to Nepal
10 There are less extended families in Nepal
W
1 2
VI E om
E
3 4
l s .c
R c h oo
P fo rs
es
5 6
u r c
e s o
.r
w w
w
42 of 69 42 of 69
W
LEDC _______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
MEDC ______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
s
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l .c
R
b) Explain two reasons why tourism can be positive for an area (3+3)
c h oo
P
rs
1____________________________________________________________________________________
fo
es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
u
e s o
2____________________________________________________________________________________
.r
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
w
c) Explain the multipler effect of a new hotel opening (6)
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
d) Define the following terms: (2+2)
W
Import leakage ________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
Export leakage ________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
s
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l .c
R
e) Explain two reasons why an area may become tourist dependent (3+3)
c h oo
P
rs
1____________________________________________________________________________________
fo
es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
u
e s o
2____________________________________________________________________________________
.r
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
w
f) Explain how all-inclusive holidays can be bad for local businesses (6)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
44 of 69 44 of 69
g) Explain three reasons why tourism has been for bad for the Banaue region in the Philippines
(3 x 3)
W
1____________________________________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s .c
R
oo
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c h
_____________________________________________________________________________________
P
o rs
3____________________________________________________________________________________
f
es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
u r c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
s o
_____________________________________________________________________________________
e
.r
w
h) Discuss the ways that visitor attractions may help preserve the local culture
w w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1.3 Identify the role of governments in forming tourism policy & promotion
The role of national and regional tourism boards
I E W
V m
Economic Political
E
. multiply effect creates jobs . improvement in economy is
. raises standard of living
l s .c
good for government
R
. development of tourism
oo
. increase foreign currency
. improve infrastructure improves view of country
Reasons why
c h around the world
P
rs
governments want to
develop tourism
fo
Socio-cultural
r c es Environmental
u
. promote understanding . improve natural environment
e s o
. have good relations between locals & tourists
. invest in traditions, cultural activities etc
for locals & tourists
.r
. ‘sense of pride’ in our culture
w w
w
46 of 69 46 of 69
The role of national and regional tourism boards
I E W
V
Part of an economic plan
Long term plan
. tourism one way a government looks
m
. plan for 5 - 10 years to develop tourism
E
to improve a country
.c
. include goals to achieve
. how tourism fits in with other developments
l s
. what the government needs to do to help tourism
R
oo
. how tourism is going to impact
c h
P
rs
Actions of
o
Policy
. explain what is to be done
es f
national
governments
c
by different groups
. laws made that might be needed:
u r
o
(especially in LEDCs)
s
National Tourism Organisations
e
. consumer protection
. fire safety
.r Marketing
w
. health & food safety . marketing & promotion of tourism
w
. environmental . encouraging private companies
w
. transport rules
. airline standards
. promote the country around the world at
exhibitions & trade shows
. promote special events
. oversee market research
Activity 17 Rank the reasons why governments want to develop tourism
Rank Reason Explain why this reason is important
W
1
I E
2
E V .c om
3
l s
R
4
c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
Activity 18
o u
Explain what actions governments take to develop tourism
r e s
w.
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
48 of 69 48 of 69
The provision of travel & tourism information centres in country & out of country
Dubai’s Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing gives
tourist and business (commerce) information to visitors.
W
This information is given from seven offices in Dubai and others
around the world.
Information includes: maps, transport options, shopping, attractions,
E
events etc + business information & hotel reservations.
I
DTCM overseas offices:
1. New York (USA) 2. London (UK) 3. Paris (France) 4. Frankfurt (Germany)
V
5. Stockholm (Sweden) 6. Milan (Italy) 7 . Moscow (USSR) 8 . Sydney (Australia)
m
9. Johannesburg (South Africa) 10. Mumbai (India) 11. Hong Kong 12 . Tokyo (Japan)
E
.c
13. Beijing 14. Guangzhou 15. Shanghai (China) 16. Jeddah 17.Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
l s
18. Zurich (Switzerland)
R
Activity 21
h oo
Use an atlas and mark on the 18 DCTM offices around the world, using the
P
rs
numbers
fo
r c es
o u
r e s
w.
w w
28 The provision of travel & tourism information centres in country & out of country
Customer Information
& Service Department
I E W Singapore Exhibition
& Convention Bureau
V
. giving information to visitors
om
E l s .c
R
Singapore Visitors Centres
h oo
. establish Singapore as a business
P
rs
. across Singapore & convention centre
. maps, guides & advice . conferences, exhibitions & trade
fo
es
fairs are important part of tourism
u r c
e s o
.r Bureau provides:
w
. advice on venues
w
. estimates for costs
w Singapore Visitors Centres

. advice on accommodation
. transport solutions
. other services. inc. audio-visual etc
Singapore International Centre
50 of 69 50 of 69
W
1 2
VI E om
E
3 4
l s .c
R c h oo
P fo rs
es
5 6
u r c
e s o
.r
w w
w
Activity 19 Answer the following exam style questions
W
National Tourism Board ________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I
Convention Centre ___________________________________________________________________
V
_____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
.c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s
R
h
b) Explain three reasons why governments want to develop tourism (3 x 3)
c oo
P fo rs
1____________________________________________________________________________________
es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
u
s o
_____________________________________________________________________________________
e
.r
2____________________________________________________________________________________
w w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
52 of 69 52 of 69
c) Explain three ways in which governments can develop tourism (3 x 3)
W
1____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
2____________________________________________________________________________________
om
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s
_____________________________________________________________________________________
.c
R c h oo
_____________________________________________________________________________________
P
rs
3____________________________________________________________________________________
fo
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r
u
_____________________________________________________________________________________
o
r e s
w.
d) Explain how Singapore informs its tourists (6)
w w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1.4 Investigate the pattern of demand for international travel & tourism
Tourism participation rate
. is the % of a population that are tourists (domestic or international)
Europeans = 70 - 85% Poorest countries = 2 - 5%
W
Growth areas = India & China 1% increase in tourism = 10 million tourists
Patterns of demand for international tourism; historic trands of international
E
tourism, volume & value
VI om
E l s .c
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
o u
r e s
w.
w
Activity 21 w Answer the questions below
1. Which country has the most people travelling internationally? _______________________
2. Which country has most people travelling domestically compared to internationally? ___________
3. Which people take the most trips per year? _______________________
4. Which of the 7 countries has the least number of passport holders? _______________
54 of 69 54 of 69

W
Growth in international tourism has been strong since 1950.
E
International Tourist Arrivals 2000-2018
VI om
E
Millions of tourists
.c
expected
l s
increase
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
u
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2012 2016 2020 2030
s o
Year
Activity 22
.r e
Answer the questions below
w w
w
1. How many tourists were there in 1980? _______________________
2. What is the projected number of tourists for 2030? ___________________
3. When were there 1.2 billion tourists? _______________________
4. Why do you think tourist arrivals will continue to rise? ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

31
E W
Millions of
I
International Tourist
Arrivals - 2000
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es Millions of
o u International Tourist
s
Arrivals - 2017
.r e
w w
w
Activity 23 Answer the questions below
1. Which country had the most tourists in 2000? _______________________
2. Which country has the largest increase in tourists from 2000-2017? ___________________
3. Which country saw the least growth in tourists from 2000-2017? _______________________
4. What increase in tourists did Thailand experience from 2000-2017? _______________________
56 of 69 56 of 69

32
International tourist arrivals by regions (totals, share and growth)
W
Europe
691 million
(51%) +8%
Americas
VI E m
Asia Pacific
E
207 million
.c
(16%) 324 million
l s
+3% (25%)
R
oo
+6%
h
Middle East
c
Africa
P
rs
58 million
63 million (4%)
o
(5%)
f
+4%
es
+8%
u r c
e s o
.r
Activity 24
w w Answer the questions below
w
1. Which region has the most tourists _______________________
2. Which region has the largest increase in tourists? ___________________
3. How many tourists did the Middle East have in 2017? _______________________
4. Which region has a 5% share of tourists? _______________________
5. Which region has the largest share of tourists? ______________________

33
International tourist arrivals by annual growth 2000-2018
I E W
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
o u
r e s
w.
Activity 25
w w Answer the questions below
1. What growth in international tourist arrivals did the 1999-2000 have?_______________________
2. Which year saw largest increase in tourist arrivals? ___________________
3. In which years was there no growth in international tourist arrivals? _______________________
4. In which year was there a 6% increase in international tourist arrivals? _______________________
5. Why did international tourist arrivals decrease in 2008-2009? _______________________________
58 of 69 58 of 69

34
International tourist arrivals growth by regions in 2018
I E W
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
o u
r e s
w.
w
Activity 26 w Answer the questions below
1. Which region had the least growth in 2018? _______________________
2. Which regions had 6% growth in 2018? ___________________
3. How much growth did Africa see in 2018? _______________________
4. Which region had the most growth in 2018?______________________
1.4 Investigate the patterns of demand for international travel and tourism

35
Other international travel patterns
E W
Why people travel: Type of travel:
I
51% = leisure, holidays or recreation 52% = by air
V
15% = business reasons 38% = by car
om
E
6% = by water craft
.c
27% = visiting friends, religious reasons,
l s
3% = by rail
R c h oo
P fo rs
c es
Major tourism generators and receiving countries in the world
r
o u
r e s
Source markets = 55% Europe, 20% Asia & Pacific, 16% Americas
w.
Growth region = Middle East 16% pa
w w
Travel habits:
Northern Europeans go to Southern Europe / Middle East
North Americans got to Mexico / Caribbean / Europe
Expectations - more travel to Asia
Now more long haul holidays for Europeans to Asia - growth here at 5%
Slower growth 3-4% in Europe
60 of 69 60 of 69
W
1 2
VI E om
E
3 4
l s .c
R c h oo
P fo rs
es
5 6
u r c
e s o
.r
w w
w
W
International tourist ___________________________________________________________________
I E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
V
International tourist receipts ____________________________________________________________
om
E
_____________________________________________________________________________________
l s
_____________________________________________________________________________________
.c
R c h oo
P
b) Explain why people travel (6)
fo rs
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c es
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r
o u
_____________________________________________________________________________________
r e s
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
w w
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c) Explain how people travel for tourism (6)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
62 of 69 62 of 69
Destination Investigation
Use a questionnaire to find out why people visit a destination
W
Example destinations: Themepark, Waterpark, Castle, Country house
E
Market Survey Questionnaire
I
1. How often do you visit the ____________________________
V m
Once a week
E
Two or three times a month
l s .c
R
oo
Once a month
c h
P
rs
Once every two or three months
Rarely
fo
r c es
u
2. Why do you normally visit? 3. Where do you usually eat?
e s o
a. __________________________________ a. __________________________________
.r
w w
b. __________________________________ b. __________________________________
w
c.___________________________________ c.___________________________________
4.List three of the best attractions 5. Who do you normally go with?
a. __________________________________ a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________ b. __________________________________
c. __________________________________
64 of 69 64 of 69
Destination Investigation
Market Survey Questionnaire: summary
W
1. Write the totals in for each
I E
Once a week
Two or three times a month
V
Once a month
om
E
Once every two or three months
Rarely
l s .c
R c h oo
P
rs
2. Top three reasons for visiting? 3. Top three paces to eat?
fo
es
a. __________________________________ a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
u r c b. __________________________________
e s o
r
c.___________________________________ c.___________________________________
w.
w w
4. Top three attractions 5. Who do you normally go with?
a. __________________________________ a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________ b. __________________________________
c. __________________________________
35 Promotional material
I E W
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r ces
o u
r e s
w.
w w
66 of 69 66 of 69
10
Project: Destination investigation
I E W
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r c es
o u
r e s
w.
w w
I E W
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r ces
o u
r e s
w.
w w
68 of 69 68 of 69
I E W
E V l s .c om
R c h oo
P fo rs
r ces
o u
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Unit-1-The Travel and Tourism Industry

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Unit-1-The Travel and Tourism Industry

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IGCSE Cambridge

Travel & Tourism

Form: ___________ Teacher: __________________

Tourism is defined as the activities of visitors. A visitor is

International visitor Tourist receipts

2 Who are the tourists?

International tourists - people from other countries - London to Dubai

Domestic tourists - people from the same country - Dubai to RAK

MICE - meetings, incentives, conferences & exhibitions

Incentives: travel as a company reward

Conferences: lots people (100+) meeting for one or more days

Exhibitions: people visit to view products or services

3 What is the travel & tourism industry?

. Every 1 in 11.5 people are tourists

Travel & Tourism

4 What is the travel & tourism industry?

Role and function of tourist boards

5 What is the travel and tourism industry?

Role of tourist information & guiding services

6 What is the travel and tourism industry?

Roles of the sub sectors

.rrees o . hotels . currency exchanges .

Travel agent in a mall

7 What is the travel and tourism industry?

Role of the tour operators

Role of tour operators, travel agents & tourist informations centres

8. Sells package holidays Tour operator Travel agent Tourist

Tour operator Travel agent Tourist

Tour operator Travel agent Tourist

8 What is the travel and tourism industry?

Role of the accommodation operators

Tourists need somewhere to stay when they are on holiday.

r c e Only a one or few units

9 What is the travel and tourism industry?

Types of accommodation available in most destinations

Holiday camp in the UK

Holiday home Motel

Activity 4a Research examples of the different types of accommodation

Air bnb 3. _______________________________ 6. _____________________________

fo rs The USA has 1000s of

10 What is the travel and tourism industry?

Role of transport providers

Transport helped in the development of tourism. Growth of tourism helped transport.

What is the travel and tourism industry?

Role of transport providers

11 What is the travel and tourism industry?

Role of attractions and entertainment centres

Activity 6b List examples of man-made attractions in the UAE

__________________________ ________________________ ________________________

__________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Activity 7 Name of attraction:

What is there for the

For tourist or business

For tourist or business

Activity 8 Research examples of companies under each heading

Structure of the international travel and tourism industry

Activity 9 Answer the exam style questions

a) Define the following terms: (2+2)

Activity 9 Answer the exam style questions

d) Define the following terms: (2+2)

Air BnB ______________________________________________________________________________

Activity 9 Answer the exam style questions

g) Explain the importance of occupancy rates to National Tourism Boards

Form: _ Teacher: ________

Air bnb 3. ___ 6. _

__

__

w. 1. __ 2. 3.

1. __ 2. 3.

Tax money used to 4. __ 5. 6.