BASIC

FIRST
AID
Prepared by: DJ Conde
 AGENDA MIDTERM
• What is First Aid?
• Goals of First Aid
• Characteristics of a Good First Aider
• General Guidelines in Administering First Aid
• First Aid Kit Equipment
• CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Survey the Scene
• Soft Tissue Injuries
• Burns
• Bandaging
FIRST AID WHAT IS FIRST AID?

FIRST
Preceding all others in time or order

AID
To provide with what is useful or
necessary
FIRST AID
Is an immediate care given to a person who has been injured or
suddenly taken ill. It includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance is not available.
GOALS OF FIRST AID
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

GOOD FIRST AIDER

1. GENTLE
First aider should not cause,
inflict pain as much as possible
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

GOOD FIRST AIDER

2. RESOURCEFUL
Makes the best use of things at
hand
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

GOOD FIRST AIDER

3. OBSERVANT
Should notice all signs. Aware of what is
happening and what may happen.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

GOOD FIRST AIDER

4. TACTFUL
Handling the victim with utmost care and
in a calm manner.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

GOOD FIRST AIDER

5. EMPATHIC/EMPATHETIC
Should be comforting.
EMPATHY VS. SYMPATHY
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

GOOD FIRST AIDER

6. RESPECTABLE
Maintains a professional and caring
attitude.
 GENERAL
GUIDANCE
IN
ADMINISTERING
FIRST AID
1. PLANNING OF
ACTION
- ESTABLISHED BASED ON ANTICIPATED
NEEDS AND AVAILABLE RESOURCES.

Example:
Getting to know where the First Aid
Kits are located as well as other
emergency equipment.
 2. GATHERING OF
NEEDED MATERIALS
- PREPARATION OF EQUIPMENT AND
PERSONNEL.
WHAT IS A FIRST
AID KIT?
- IT IS A COLLECTION OF SUPPLIES AND
EQUIPMENT THAT IS USED TO GIVE
MEDICAL TREATMENT.
FIRST AID
KIT
FIRST AID KIT
Common Items that a First Aid Kit Should
Contain
• Thermometer
• Adhesive dressings
• Antiseptic wipes
• Bandages
• Cotton balls or swabs
• Emergency blanket
• Eyewash
• Gauze
• Gloves
• Hand Sanitizer
• Alcohol
• Ice Pack
• Saline
• Tissues
• Tweezers
• a leaflet giving first aid guidance
TYPES OF FIRST AID KIT
GETTING STARTED
INITIAL RESPONSE (SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS)
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLE (EAP]
• SURVEY THE SCENE
• Primary Survey
• Activate Transfer Facility (Call
EMS/RMA)
• Secondary Survey
SURVEY THE
SCENE
• Is The Scene Safe?
• What Happened?
• How Many People Are Injured?
• Is There Some Who Can Help?
• Get Consent Before Giving First Aid Care.
• Identify Yourself as A Trained First Aider.
1. PRIMARY SURVEY
• ASSESSING PATIENT ON LIFE-
THREATENING SITUATION OR
CONDITION SUCH AS RESPIRATORY
ARREST, CARDIAC ARREST AND SEVERE
BLEEDING.
• A QUICK WAY TO FIND OUT HOW TO
TREAT ANY LIFE THREATING
CONDITIONS A CASUALTY MAY HAVE
IN ORDER OF PRIORITY. WE CAN USE
DRABC TO DO THIS: DANGER,
RESPONSE, AIRWAY, BREATHING AND
CIRCULATION.
1. PRIMARY SURVEY
• CHECK FOR DANGER.
• Check for a Response.
• Open Airway.
• Check Breathing.
• Check Circulation.
• Treat the steps as needed.
PRIMARY SURVEY
PRIMARY SURVEY
2. PRIMARY SURVEY
DANGER
• BEFORE APPROACHING THE CASUALTY, ALWAYS MAKE SURE THE AREA IS
SAFE.
 2. PRIMARY SURVEY
RESPONSE
• CHECK IF THE CASUALTY IS RESPONSIVE OR UNRESPONSIVE. AS YOU APPROACH
THEM, INTRODUCE YOURSELF AND ASK THEM QUESTIONS TO SEE IF YOU CAN GET A
RESPONSE. KNEEL NEXT TO THEIR CHEST AND GENTLY SHAKE THEIR SHOULDERS,
ASKING, ‘WHAT HAS HAPPENED?’, ‘OPEN YOUR EYES!’.

• IF THE CASUALTY OPENS THEIR EYES, OR GIVES ANOTHER

GESTURE, THEY ARE RESPONSIVE.
• IF THEY DO NOT RESPOND TO YOU IN ANY WAY THEY
ARE UNRESPONSIVE AND SHOULD BE TREATED AS
QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.
2. PRIMARY SURVEY
AIRWAY
• NEXT, YOU NEED TO CHECK THAT THE AIRWAY IS OPEN AND CLEAR. OPEN
THE AIRWAY BY PLACING ONE HAND ON THE FOREHEAD TO TILT THE HEAD
BACK AND USE TWO FINGERS FROM THE OTHER HAND TO LIFT THE CHIN.
• IF THEY ARE UNRESPONSIVE, YOU NEED TO MOVE ON TO BREATHING AS
QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.
2. PRIMARY SURVEY
BREATHING
• YOU NOW NEED TO CHECK IF THE CASUALTY IS BREATHING NORMALLY.
PLACE YOUR EAR ABOVE THEIR MOUTH, LOOKING DOWN THEIR BODY.
LISTEN FOR SOUNDS OF BREATHING AND SEE IF YOU CAN FEEL THEIR
BREATH ON YOUR CHEEK. WATCH TO SEE IF THEIR CHEST MOVES. DO THIS
FOR 10 SECONDS.
 1. PRIMARY SURVEY
BREATHING
• YOU NOW NEED TO CHECK IF THE CASUALTY IS BREATHING NORMALLY.
PLACE YOUR EAR ABOVE THEIR MOUTH, LOOKING DOWN THEIR BODY.
LISTEN FOR SOUNDS OF BREATHING AND SEE IF YOU CAN FEEL THEIR BREATH
ON YOUR CHEEK. WATCH TO SEE IF THEIR CHEST MOVES. DO THIS FOR 10
SECONDS.
• IF THEY ARE UNRESPONSIVE AND NOT BREATHING,
YOU NEED TO CALL FOR EMERGENCY HELP AND
START CPR STRAIGHT AWAY. ASK A HELPER TO FIND
AND BRING A DEFIBRILLATOR (AED).
• IF THEY ARE RESPONSIVE AND BREATHING MOVE ON
TO CIRCULATION.
 1. PRIMARY SURVEY
CIRCULATION
• ONCE YOU HAVE ESTABLISHED THEY ARE BREATHING, LOOK AND CHECK FOR
ANY SIGNS OF severe bleeding.
• IF THEY ARE BLEEDING SEVERELY YOU WILL NEED TO CONTROL AND
TREAT THE BLEEDING BY APPLYING DIRECT PRESSURE TO THE WOUND.
CALL FOR EMERGENCY HELP.
• If they are unresponsive and breathing but with no bleeding, put them in the
recovery position and call for emergency help.

ONCE YOU HAVE COMPLETED YOUR PRIMARY SURVEY AND HAVE

TREATED ANY LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS YOU CAN MOVE ON
TO THE SECONDARY SURVEY
2. SECONDARY SURVEY
- CHECK CAREFULLY IN AN ORDERLY MANNER THE INJURIES OR OTHER
PROBLEMS THAT ARE NOT AN IMMEDIATE THREAT TO LIFE WHICH COULD CAUSE
PROBLEM IF NOT CORRECTED.

COMPOSED OF 3 STEPS:
1. INTERVIEW THE VICTIM
2. CHECK THE VICTIM'S VITAL SIGNS
3. HEAD TO TOE EXAMINATION
2. SECONDARY SURVEY
INTERVIEWING PATIENT GUIDE:

S –IGNS/SYMPTOMS
A – ALLERGIES
M- EDICATIONS
P- AST HISTORY OF ILLNESS
L- AST ORAL INTAKE
E- VENT LEADING TO ILLNESS OR INJURY
2. SECONDARY SURVEY
HEAD TO TOE EXAMINATION:

D- EFORMITY
C- ONTUSION
A- ABRASION
P- UNCTURE
B- LISTER/ BLEEDING/ BURNS
T- ENDERNESS
L- ACERATION
S- WELLING
VITAL SIGNS
• BODY TEMPERATURE – 36.5®C- 37.3®C
• Pulse Rate – 60- 100 beats/minute
• Respiratory Rate – 12-20 breaths/minute
• Blood Pressure:
⚬ Normal: below 60 years old- 90/60 – 120/80
⚬ Prehypertension or Borderline: 121/81-139/89
⚬ Hypertension:
￭ 140/90 and above
￭ 60 years old and above – 90/60 -140/90
CONDITIONS
WHEN CPR IS
NEEDED
• The Victim Is Unconscious
• Pulse Is Weak Or No Pulse
• No Breathing/Difficulty In
Breathing
CPR – Inside the body
Learn How To Do CPR
CPR CYCLES

REASSESS THE VICTIM AFTER 5 CYCLES USING THE PRIMARY SURVEY

WHEN TO STOP CPR
S SPONTENEOUS SIGNS OF
CIRCULATION RESTORED

T TURNED OVER TO MEDICAL

SERVICES OR AUTHORIZED
PERSONNEL

O OPERATOR IS ALREADY
EXHAUSTED AND CANNOT
CONTINUE CPR

P PHYSICIAN ASSUMES THE

RESPONSIBILITY
 CARE OF THE VICTIM AFTER
SUCCESSFUL CPR
• TRANSFER IN A SECURED PLACE.
• Place in a side lying position - Recovery position.
• Wait for the emergency response unit and continuously monitor the victim.
SOFT TISSUE
INJURIES
FIRST AID FOR SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
 WOUNDS
Is a break in the continuity of a tissue of
the body either internal or external.

CLASSIFICATIONS:
A. Closed Wound
B. Open Wound
CLOSED WOUND
CLOSED WOUND
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
-PAIN AND TENDERNESS
-SWELLING
-DISCOLORATION
-HEMATOMA
CLOSED WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
CLOSED WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
CLOSED WOUND
OPEN WOUND
OPEN WOUND
DANGERS OF AN OPEN WOUND
OPEN WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
OPEN WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
OPEN WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
OPEN WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
OPEN WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
OPEN WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
OPEN WOUND FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
7 STEPS TO EFFECTIVE WOUND CARE
MANAGEMENT
FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING CUTS
BURNS
BURNS
THERMAL BURN
THERMAL BURN
THERMAL BURN
THERMAL BURN
FIRST AID CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS
FIRST AID CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS
FIRST AID CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS
FIRST AID CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS
CHEMICAL BURN
FIRST AID CARE FOR CHEMICAL BURNS
FIRST AID CARE FOR CHEMICAL BURNS
FIRST AID CARE FOR CHEMICAL BURNS
FIRST AID CARE FOR CHEMICAL BURNS
FIRST AID CARE FOR BURNS
BANDAGING
AGENDA
• Definition of Bandage
• Uses of Bandage
• Types of Bandage
• Materials Used for Bandaging
• General Principles of Bandaging
• Sizes of Bandages
BANDAGING
Bandaging is the process of
covering a wound or an
injured part.
 A bandage can be used to:
❖ Hold a dressing in place over an open wound
❖ Apply direct pressure over a dressing to control bleeding
❖ Prevent or reduce swelling
❖ Provide support and stability for an extremity or joint
❖ To correct deformity

NOTE:
A bandage should be clean not sterile
 Types of Bandages
✓ Triangular Bandages
✓ Linen-Roller Bandages
✓ Roller Gauze
✓ Tubular Bandage
TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
Linen-Roller Bandages
Roller Gauze

Tubular Bandage
Materials Commonly Used for Bandages
• Cotton
• Cotton gauze
• Wool
• Special materials like crape bandage,
• elastic bandage
 Sizes of Bandage
• The size of the bandage varies according to the part it is
supposed to bandage
Part to be Bandages Width (cm) Length (mts)
Head 5 4 to 6
Trunk 10 to 14 to 15 6 to 8
Leg 6 to 8 4
Arm 5 to 6 3 to 4
Fingers 2.5 2
Hand 5 3
Wrist 5 3
BANDAGING
THANK YOU!