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3AI D4 Ms - Archikajain
3AI D4 Ms - Archikajain
3AI D4 Ms - Archikajain
Bachelor of Technology
in
by
(Session 2022-23)
Department of Advanced Computing
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Department Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Muskan Rehwani, registration no. PCE21CA034, of the Department of Advanced
Computing, has submitted this project report entitled “Attendance System Using Open CV” under the
supervision of Prof. Ms. Archika Jain, working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer
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CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this project report entitled “Attendance System
Using Open CV” in the partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, is an authentic record of my own work done during the period
from July 2022 to Dec 2022 under the supervision and guidance of Prof. Ms. Archika Jain.
I have not submitted the matter embodied in this project report for the award of any other degree.
Signature Signature
Date:
Place: Jaipur
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SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge.
Date : Signature
Place : Jaipur Ms. Archika Jain
(Assistant Professor)
Poornima College of Engineering, Sitapura, Jaipur
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to convey my profound sense of reverence and admiration to my supervisor Ms. Archika Jain,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering, for her
intense concern, attention, priceless direction, guidance, and encouragement throughout this research work.
I am grateful to Dr. Mahesh Bundele, Director of Poornima College of Engineering for his helping attitude
with a keen interest in completing this dissertation in time.
I extend my heartiest gratitude to all the teachers, who extended their cooperation to steer the topic toward
its successful completion. I am also thankful to the non-teaching staff of the department to support in the
preparation of this dissertation work.
My special heartfelt gratitude goes to Dr. Mithilesh Arya, Dy. Head, Department of Advanced
Computing, Ms. Archika Jain, Project Coordinator, Department of Advanced Computing, Poornima
College of Engineering, for unvarying support, guidance, and motivation during the course of this research.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude towards the management of Poornima College of
Engineering including Dr. S. M. Seth, Chairman Emeritus, Poornima Group, and former Director NIH,
Roorkee, Shri Shashikant Singhi, Chairman, Poornima Group, Mr. M. K. M. Shah, Director Admin &
Finance, Poornima Group, and Ar. Rahul Singhi, Director Poornima Group for the establishment of the
institute and for providing facilities for my studies.
I would like to take the opportunity of expressing my thanks to all faculty members of the Department, for
their kind support, technical guidance, and inspiration throughout the course.
I am deeply thankful to my parents and all other family members for their blessings and inspiration. Last but
not least I would like to give special thanks to God who enabled me to complete my dissertation on time.
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LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF TABLES
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Table OF CONTENT
Chapter 1 Introduction 10
1
6 References 21
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Abstract
The Report is primarily concerned with the problem of face recognition. Every organization that relies on
people today must, as a first step, account for its employees. As a result, the various organizations must
spend a sizable sum of money on developing and maintaining an appropriate management system.
Government agencies and educational institutions frequently use paper-based systems to record attendance.
For instance, it requires quite some time to reach out to each student by calling their name name at the start
of the class in order to keep track of their attendance. Additional issues include fake signatures , names
mislaid from spread-sheets, manually entering data into the system, and the potential for fake or so called
proxy attendance.
These methods have a few issues that have gotten worse over time. It is essential to replace these antiquated
procedures with contemporary ones in order to track attendance. As a result, using modern technologies, a
numerous frequency of research and work has been produced in this area. Researchers are particularly
interested in the automatic identification of a particular individual based on identifying traits like a QR code,
fingerprint, an ID and password, or a face.
These days, face detection and facial recognition technologies are significant, and we've seen that they're
being used in a number of places, including Mobiles, the military, and even by the organizations. In order to
replace the traditional paper attendance system and the fingerprint - based attendance system, we chose to
create a gadget that can detect and recognize faces.
These days, face detection and facial recognition technologies are significant, and we've seen that they're
being used in a number of places, including cellphones, the military, and even high-risk information
organizations.
In order to replace the traditional paper attendance system and the finger print attendance management
system, we chose to create a gadget that can recognize faces .
This paper reviews recent progress on advanced automation attendance monitoring systems. Our critical
evaluation has concentrated on readings from the body of literature with regard to technology, application
domain, and key findings.
The urge for human-machine interaction is spreading quickly thanks to computer vision technology. Gesture
recognition is commonly used in robot control, and other characteristics. An essential part of human-
computer interaction is gesture recognition. People are becoming dissatisfied with gesture identification
based on wearable gadgets and are hoping for more natural gesture recognition. The effectiveness of human-
computer interaction may be greatly increased through computer vision-based gesture recognition, which
may conveniently and effectively transmit human thoughts and instructions to computers.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Definition
Creating a face-detection-based automated attendance system for classes. To effectively install the system,
you'll need a video capture device. The faces are recognized, and attendance is recorded appropriately. With
the help of this approach, classrooms won't spend time on unnecessary roll calls, which are a common
classroom waste.
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CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM STATEMENT & OBJECTIVE
One of the hardest and most time-consuming duties is controlling staff or student attendance. Each research
study tries to leverage different methods and tools, such as biometrics, IoT, and portable devices, to make
such a challenging task simpler. One of the methods is usually employed before entering attendance data
into the system. Different algorithms may be used to identify a person and inform teachers or facility
administrators on the level of employee engagement. Data storage and retrieval speed and efficiency will be
important factors. This review's objective is to summarize the most recent issues and findings in this field
and to provide a succinct overview of their significant contributions. The algorithms for recognising faces
will be used. The processed picture will then be compared to the already-stored record, and attendance will
then be recorded in the database as appropriate. This approch minimizes the effort of individuals as
compared to the current manual attendance marking, which is traditional attendance marking system.
The following is a broad description of the facial recognition issue. Determine or confirm one or more
people in the scene using still or moving photos of the scene and a database of faces. The search may be
narrowed down to improve recognition using other data such as age, gender, and face expression. Face
segments, face detection from crowded situations, feature extraction from the face region, and face region
recognition or varication are required for the problem to be solved. In identification issues, the system
receives an unknown face as input and feeds back the determined identity from a database of recognised
people. As opposed to verification issues, where the system must validate or reject the input face's stated
identity Numerous applications of FRT span from controlled-format static photos to uncontrollable video
pictures, providing a variety of technological obstacles and necessitating a variety of approaches from object
recognition to image processing. The problem and approaches may be generally divided into two areas.
matching between static and moving videos Depending on the particular application, even among these
classes there are major variances. There are disparities in picture quality, background clutter that
complicates segmentation algorithms, the availability of a specific matching criteria, quantity, and character
of user I/P.
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CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature Review
Paper 1 :
Summary - The most major part in identifying anybody is their face. Face recognition help in verifying any
person's identify by employing their unique characteristics because it serves as their own identity. Two parts
make up the full process of verifying any facial data. With the exception of cases where the item is situated
fairly far away, the first phase readily identifies faces. The second phase then begins, during which the faces
are identified as belonging to specific people. The entire process is then carried out once more to help create
a facial recognition model , one of the most carefully examined biometric technologies.
The primary task of a face recognition system is to recognize a known or unfamiliar face and take
appropriate action after the face has been discovered. People are frequently mistakenly refers to "facial
detection," but "face recognition" refers to "authenticating" a given face data based on face data that has
been stored in a database. The system is authenticated once the face data matches the database. The entire
facial recognition procedure is conducted using a variety of methodologies. Each method differs from other
ways in that it has its own advantages and disadvantages as well as some limits. The face recognition
technology that can reliably identify any face from a given photograph and that too in any situation thus
regarded as the best face detecting technology in any lighting environment.
The functioning of the face recognition system may be further separated into two components. The first
stage of the process is classification, where the system uses some random photos as input and outputs a yes
or no response depending on whether a face is present. In the second step of face identification, a block for a
certain input image is displayed. This bounding box comprises the dimensions of the face's exact location in
the image.
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Figure 1: Methods of Face Recognition
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Paper 2 :
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Paper 3 :
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Figure 3: Steps of Face Recognition using Camera
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So on for all the papers….
Comparison Table
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CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED APPROACH
By doing away with conventional attendance-marking techniques like contacting students by name or
verifying their ID cards, the face recognition student attendance system highlights how simple it is to use.
As a result, it is proposed that a facial recognition-based attendance system be used to replace manual
attendance marking.
Furthermore, the facial recognition-based automatic attendance system is capable of overcoming the
problems associated with fraudulent methods, and faculty members do not need to count the number of
students many times to confirm their presence. The OpenCV library is utilised by the supplied framework. It
is an open-source computer vision library that is free to use and appropriate for both academic and
professional use. It features Python and PYQt interfaces and is compatible with a variety of operating
systems, including Windows, Linux, and MacOS.
It emphasizes the importance of reality from a command line or a Python script. It's a straightforward library
built using deep learning and DLIBs cutting-edge facial recognition technology. The DLIB is an open-
source cross-platform software library that operates on a range of platforms. The model's accuracy is 99.38
percent. This is a simple command-line face recognition application that may be used to recognize faces in a
folder of images.
The focus of this part is on concepts, approaches, and proposed methods for face recognition and image
processing that are more specialised and applicable to a single process that employs facial recognition
algorithms and image processing techniques.
Capture, detection, picture matching, and attendance recording are the four sequential steps of the proposed
project.
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stored in the database has a computed histogram value that is compared to the observed histogram values of
the images taken from the recorded video feed.
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
This report offers a straightforward but effective method for calculating class attendance using facial
recognition software. The outcome of this method may be described as follows: in adding to only one
student's face, the system successfully detects several individuals or faces. Because the system can handle
three faces at once, we may assume that it can handle at least 15 faces continuously. Additionally, the
system correctly detects and records the presence of the identified students.
Researchers have carried out a number of investigations to build smart attendance systems-based biometric
recognition. In contrast to more complex conventional systems processes, everyday materials, and solutions
that require duplication of effort, they focused primarily on developing technical solutions that address
challenges with staff or student identification, recognition, recording, monitoring, positioning, and tracking.
In prior studies, educational institutions recommended attendance management techniques. By summarizing
recent research that was done in this area, we will discover that the face recognition-based method, whether
with portable or mobile devices, has much greater popularity than any other methodology now accessible.
And this technique is now the most productive and popular one that academics are working on.
Managing the attendance of staff or students is one of the most difficult and time-consuming tasks. Each
study by researchers aims to use various techniques and technologies, such as biometrics, IoT, and portable
devices, to simplify such a difficult process. Before recording attendance on the system, one of the
algorithms is frequently used. To identify a person and let instructors or facility administrators know how
engaged their staff is, different algorithms may be used. The speed and efficiency of data storage and
retrieval will be critical considerations. The purpose of this review is to present the most recent findings and
issues in this field and to give a concise summary of their important contributions
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References:
[1] V. Somasundaram, M. Kannan, and V. Sriram, “Mobile Based Attendance Management System,” Indian J. Sci.
Technol., vol. 9, no. 35, pp. 1–4, 2016, doi: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i35/101807.
[2] B. Soewito, F. L. Gaol, E. Simanjuntak, and F. E. Gunawan, “Attendance System on Android Smartphone,” in
ICCEREC 2015 – International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and Communications, 2015,
pp. 208–211. doi:10.1109/ICCEREC.2015.7337046.
[3] P. S. H. Smitha, “Face Recognition based Attendance Management System.,” Int. J. Eng. Res. & Technol.,vol. 9,
no. 05, 2020.
[4] D. Prangchumpol, “Face Recognition for Attendance Management System Using Multiple Sensors,” in Journal of
Physics: Conference Series, 2019, vol.1335, no. 1, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1335/1/012011.
[5] B. K. P. Mohamed and C. V. Raghu, “Fingerprint Attendance System for Classroom Needs,” in 2012 Annual
IEEE India Conference, INDICON 2012,2012, doi: 10.1109/INDCON.2012.6420657.
[6] M. S. M. Alburaiki, G. M. Johar, R. A. A. Helmi, and M. H. Alkawaz, “Mobile Based Attendance System: Face
Recognition and Location Detection using Machine Learning,” in 2021 IEEE 12th Control and System Graduate
Research Colloquium, ICSGRC 2021 - Proceedings, 2021, pp. 177–182. doi:10.1109/ICSGRC53186.2021.9515221.
[8] S. A. M. Noor, N. Zaini, M. F. A. Latip, and N. Hamzah, “Android-Based Attendance Management System,” in
2015 IEEE Conference on Systems, Process, and Control (ICSPC), 2015, pp. 118–122.
[9] B. J. Mendonca, G. D’mello, R. D’souza, and J. More, “Automated Attendance using Android Devices,” Int. J.
Appl. Inf. Syst., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 21–26, 2015.
[10] E. Varadharajan, R. Dharani, S. Jeevitha, B.Kavinmathi, and S. Hemalatha, “Automatic Attendance Management
System using FaceDetection,” in 2016 Online international conference on green engineering and technologies, 2016.
[11] H. Sutar, S. Chaudhari, P. Bhopi, and D. Sonavale, “Automated Attendance System,” Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng.
Technol. Sci., vol. 04, no. 04, 2022.
[12] Y. N. S, A. Kumar, and N. R. Kumar, “Location Based Smart Attendance System Using GPS,” Ann. Rom. Soc.
Cell Biol., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 4510–4516, 2021.
[13] B. Chandramouli, S. A. Kumar, C. V. Lakshmi, G. B. Harish, and P. A. Khan, “Face Recognition Based
Attendance System Using Jetson Nano,” Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 8, 2021.
[14] B. J. Mendonca, G. D’mello, R. D’souza, and J. More, “Automated attendance using android devices,” Int.
J.Appl. Inf. Syst., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 21–26, 2015.
[15] D. Sunaryono, J. Siswantoro, and R. Anggoro, “An Android Based Course Attendance System using Face
Recognition,” J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci.,vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 304–312, 2021,
doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.01.006.
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Literature Review on Intelligent Attendance
System
Sudhanshu Tiwari Vishal Khandelwal Tarun Sharma
Dept. of Computer Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering
Poornima College of Engineering Poornima College of Engineering Poornima College of Engineering
Jaipur, India Jaipur, India Jaipur, India
sudhanshutiwari264@gmail.com 2021pcecasvishal060@poornima.org 2021pcecatarun055@poornima.org
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Mohamed and Raghu [5]. The kids can verify [11], the recommended approach is a smart
their essence by touching their fingertips to the attendance system that would speed up the
device's sensor. However, due to the fact that attendance process by making and scanning
fingerprint scanners can't always properly QR codes. The system operates as an
detect things the first time, this paradigm is application for mobile devices and is based on
inapplicable. Soewito et al. [2] introduced an QR Technology. To ensure student attendance
attendance system utilising smartphone GPS in the course, Sunaryono et al. also suggest "an
and fingerprint technologies.Since fingerprint Android-based course attendance system
recognition is used, the procedure takes a long employing facial recognition." [10]. A QR
time. code is used to provide the course content
from the front of the class.All that is required
C. Attendance system utilizing GPS from the student's phone is a selfie of their
face and the display of a QR code. The picture
GPS, or Global Positioning System, allows us will subsequently be transmitted to the server
to locate and track things and navigate to for use in managing attendance.
anyone at any time, anywhere on Earth.
Although satellites now use, people still need
objects in the sky to know where they are and E. Based on Face Recognition
how to get to other places. In their study, Face detection is the concept of identifying
Kumar and Kumar [12] introduced a human faces in cited images or videos. A piece
distinctive location-based time and attendance of technology called a face recognition system
tracking system that was deployed on an can examine faces in a video or photo and
Android mobile app.Utilizing smartphones can compare them to a database of both recognized
lessen the need for additional biometric and unrecognized faces. Its Face
scanning apparatus. A specific location is one Smitha created the a system for managing
of the organization's components that can be attendance based on recognition to create an
located using GPS. The GPS on each student's using a face recognition system to keep track
phone provides the position of that student, of student attendance in class [3]. The system
which is necessary for some time and has the ability to track involvement using
attendance tracking. facial ID. It locates faces using a camera, after
which it recognizes them. Face detection and
D. Based on barcodes or QR codes facial recognition are the two components of
the system.
A related barcode is a graphic representation The system will recognize student faces in the
of information that machines can read about live-streamed video from the class using the
the item. A rapid response code, often known Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH), and
as a QR code, is comparable to a barcode. if the recognized face is found in the database,
Though it can store data in each of the two the system will mark the student's attendance.
perpendicular orientations because of its two- The study by Chandramouli et al. [13], in
dimensionality. Therefore, a QR code has a far which they used NVIDIA's Jetson Nano, is
larger data capacity than a barcode. Noor et al. one of many that aims to modernise time
[9] introduced the topic of discussing a system management guidelines as well as how
for automatically tracking student attendance is managed in a particular way. The
attendance.Each user in this system has a device is placed in the classroom, where it
unique ID that the mobile app may scan for a displays the students' names and pictures. The
barcode. Each user in this system has a unique photos are obtained using Open CV. The
ID that can be scanned by the mobile app developer kit for the NVIDIA Jetson Nano
because it has a barcode. would be the processor board. Once the
One student might influence this system by extraction has been processed, faces are
exploiting the IDs of the other members in the identified using a Haar classifierThey were
arrangement, which was a drawback. A subsequently located using the LBPH
alternative approach depends on compiling Algorithm. Data from the appropriate class
attendance data and updating data in one teacher is generated and updated hourly in an
location. Based on research by Sutar et al.
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Excel spreadsheet. According to a system and simplify its concepts for students. With
called the help of the Android based Face
Automated Attendance Management System Recognition with a Deep Learning method
with Face Recognition, which uses Cloud approach, this type of validation aims to learn
Computing technological ideas to improve how to recognise faces. Cloud storage is used
face recognition performance methods for to connect the database to the web server. A
identification. method was created by Alburaiki et al. that
The FACECUBE system, which is proposed addressed three crucial issues: first, using the
here, takes attendance using facial recognition. cameras on mobile phones and automatically
Online features are available to administrators, identifying and analyzing faces. The second is
teachers, and students through the system. But a facial recognition API that is based on
assembling this system requires a number of machine learning. Maps API is the last. The
steps, including buying new hardware and results show that face recognition has
software. A slightly different kind of research developed into a highly accurate method for
project involving the Android device-based recognizing faces.
face recognition of lecture present in the
application system was attempted by Susanto Even under non favorable circumstances.
et al. [16]. They establish facial contact. The system showed realistic illustrations of
responses made by The lecturer who can
Then save it to the database that was used to choose to access a report of submitted
store information about the presence of attendance after recognizing the student's face
lecturers who are teaching. recognition and location and marking the student's
detection The facial recognition system is attendance. Salac's study was motivated by a
evaluated using the local binary pattern portable attendance system that could be
histogram (LBPH) classifier approach, which accessed at any time and from any location.
could be used as a tactic in the attendance The lecturer can simply check attendance
system of lecturers to be more effective and using Android phones instead of carrying
efficient. paper and computers. The students can easily
To identify specific students and track their check their attendance data thanks to their
participation, the system uses facial Android phones. Additionally, SMS
identification and recognition algorithms. technology is used to ensure student security
Prangchumpol notes in his study, "Face and inform parents of their children's
Recognition for Attendance Management attendance. A proper attendance record can
System Using Multiple Sensors,"[4] that it is also be created using face recognition
still not able to confirm or correct the data technology. The face of a specific student is
when an error occured in class, and that his recognized and noted by
performance still lags when it comes to using the camera on an Android device, query
accurately identifying faces. He, therefore, the database. Attendance reports could also be
aims to increase the effectiveness of the created as needed.
attendant system based on face recognition
Chandramouli et al. (2021) IoT, Face Recognition, The Haar classifier identifies faces, the
and NVIDIA Jetson LBPH algorithm recognizes them, the
Nano histogram is compared to the dataset, and
attendance is marked .
Smitha (2020) Face recognition, email Faces will get recognized from a online
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servers, and IoT classroom video and used to track
attendance at each class [3].
Hameed (2019) Authorized The system has three roles: reporter, who
Username/Password, can check attendance records and report
Android, and Web on all tasks, and admin, who can make
Server changes to the database and mark
students as present [17].
Kumar and Kumar (2021) Android, Server and GPS Students' locations are determined using
GPS on their phones.
Described as a key to recording
attendance, this [12].
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Attendance System Using Jetson Nano,” Int.
Res. J. Mod. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 8,
[6] M. S. M. Alburaiki, G. M. Johar, R. A. A. 2021.
Helmi, and M. H. Alkawaz, “Mobile Based
Attendance System: Face Recognition and [14] B. J. Mendonca, G. D’mello, R. D’souza,
Location Detection using Machine Learning,” and J. More, “Automated attendance using
in 2021 IEEE 12th Control and System android devices,” Int. J.
Graduate Research Colloquium, ICSGRC Appl. Inf. Syst., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 21–26, 2015.
2021 - Proceedings, 2021, pp. 177–182. doi:
10.1109/ICSGRC53186.2021.9515221. [15] D. Sunaryono, J. Siswantoro, and R.
Anggoro, “An Android Based Course
[7] D. M. V. Salac, “PRESENT: An Android- Attendance System using Face Recognition,”
Based Class J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci.,
Attendance Monitoring System Using Face vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 304–312, 2021, doi:
Recognition Technology,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. 10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.01.006.
Res.,
vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 102–115, 2018, doi:
10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.28. [16] F. Susanto, F. Fauziah, and A.
Andrianingsih, “Lecturer Attendance System
[8] S. A. M. Noor, N. Zaini, M. F. A. Latip, using Face Recognition Application an
and N. Hamzah, “Android-Based Attendance Android-Based,” J. Comput. Networks,
Management System,” in 2015 IEEE Archit. High Perform. Comput., vol. 3, no. 2,
Conference on Systems, pp. 167–
Process, and Control (ICSPC), 2015, pp. 118– 173, 2021, doi: 10.47709/cnahpc.v3i2.981.
122.
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