Question 1

One of the most significant trends in Indonesian society in the 1970s and
1980s was urbanization. Although cities in Indonesia were not a new
phenomenon, from 1971 to 1990 the percentage of the population living in urban
areas rose from 17 percent to nearly 31 percent nationally. Surveys showed that
the movement toward urban areas, particularly to West Java, and to southeastern
Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and other islands, stemmed not from the innate lure of the
cities but from the lack of employment in the countryside. Migrants seemed to
view the pollution, crime, anonymity, and grinding poverty of the city as short-
term discomforts that would eventually give way to a better life. For high-school
and college graduates with no prospects for employment in the rural areas, this
may in fact have been a correct assumption. But for those migrants without capital
or qualifications, the main hope for employment was in the so-called "informal
sector": street vending, scavenging, and short-term day labor. Many migrants also
cultivated tiny but nutritionally important gardens.
Most urban growth was in cities of more than 1 million in size. Jakarta's
population--11.5 million in 1990--was projected to rise to 16.9 million by 2000,
which would make it the eleventh largest city in the world. Although the capital
enjoyed a disproportionate amount of the nation's resources--with 30 percent of
all telephones in the country, 25 percent of all cars, and 30 percent of all
physicians--anthropologist P.D. Milone observed in the mid-1960s that "Jakarta
has never been a true 'primate' city in terms of being the only center for economic,
political, administrative, higher education, and technical functions" in the way
that, for example, Bangkok has been for Thailand. Surabaya has always been a
major import-export center and a major naval station, and Bandung has been a
center for transportation, higher education, and industry. Nonetheless, in terms of
population growth and as a symbol of the centralization of power in the nation,
Jakarta has steadily grown in importance.
Qustion 2

Since water is the basis of life, composing the greater part of

the tissues of all living things, the crucial problem of desert animals is to survive
in a world where sources of flowing water are rare. And since man’s inexorable
necessity is to absorb large quantities of water at frequent intervals, he can
scarcely comprehend that many creatures of the desert pass their entire lives
without a single drop.
Uncompromising as it is, the desert has not eliminated life but only those
forms unable to withstand its desiccating effects. No moist- skinned, water-
loving animals can exist there. Few large animals are found. The giants of the
North American desert are the deer, the coyote, and the bobcat. Since desert
country is open, it holds more swift-footed running and leaping creatures than the
tangled forest. Its population is largely nocturnal, silent, filled with reticence, and
ruled by stealth. Yet they are not emaciated.
Having adapted to their austere environment, they are as healthy as
animals anywhere else in the word. The secret of their adjustment lies in the
combination of behavior and physiology. None could survive if, like mad dogs
and Englishmen, they went out in the midday sun; many would die in a matter of
minutes. So most of them pass the burning hours asleep in cool, humid burrows
underneath the ground, emerging to hunt only by night. The surface of the sun-
baked desert averages around 150 degrees, but 18 inches down the
temperature is only 60 degrees.

The title for this passage could be .

A. Animal Life in a Desert Environment
B. Desert Plants
C. Man’s Life in a Desert Environment
D. Life Underground

The word “tissues” in the passage mostly means .

A. the smallest units of living matter that can exist on their own
B. the simplest forms of life that exist in air, water, living and dead creatures and
plants
C. collections of cells that form the different parts of humans, animals and plants
D. very small living things that cause infectious disease in people, animals and
plants

Man can hardly understand why many animals live their whole life in the desert,
as .
A. water is an essential part of his existence
B. water composes the greater part of the tissues of living things
C. very few lager animals are found in the desert
D. sources of flowing water are rare in a desert
The phrase “those forms” in the passage refers to all of the following EXCEPT
A. many large animals
B. water-loving animals
C. moist-skinned animals
D. the coyote and the bobcat

According to the passage, creatures in the desert .

A. are more active during the day than those in the tangled forest
B. are not as healthy as those anywhere else in the world
C. run and leap more slowly than those in the tangled forest
D. run and leap faster than those in the tangled forest

The author mentions all the following as examples of the behavior of desert
animals EXCEPT .
A. they dig home underground
B. they sleep during the day
C. they are watchful and quiet
D. they are noisy and aggressive

The word “emaciated” in the passage mostly means .

A. living or growing in natural conditions, not kept in a house or on a farm
B. large and strong, difficult to control or deal with
C. thin and weak because of lack of food and water
D. able to get what one wants in a clever way, especially by tricking or cheating

According to the passage, one characteristic of animals living in the desert is that
A. they are smaller and fleeter than forest animals
B. they can hunt in temperature of 150 degrees
C. they live in an accommodating environment
D. they are less healthy than animals living in other places

The word “burrows” in the passage mostly means .

A. places where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
B. holes or tunnels in the ground made by animals for them to live in
C. places where insects or other small creatures live and produce their young
D. structures made of metal bars in which animals or birds are kept

We can infer from the passage that .

A. desert life is colorful and diverse
B. living things adjust to their environment
C. healthy animals live longer lives
D. water is the basis of desert life
Question 3 (Alexander Graham Bell)

Question 4

The most basic role of banking, safeguarding funds, is done through

vaults, safes, and secure facilities which physically store money. These
physicaly deposits are in most cases insured against theft, and in most cases
against the bank being unable to repay the funds. In some banks, the service is
extended to safety deposit boxes for valuables. Interest given on savings
accounts, a percentage return on the bank's investments with the money, gives an
additional incentive to save. Transfer of funds can be handled through negotiable
instruments, cheques, or direct transfers performed electronically. Credit cards
and account debit cards, electronic cash tills, computer on-line banking, and other
services provided by banks extend their usefulness by offering customers
additional ways of gaining access to and using their funds. Automated clearing
houses perform similar services for business customers by handling regular
payments, such as wages, for a company banking with the bank. Longer-term
schemes for providing regular income on savings are often offered through trust
funds or other investment schemes.
Loans to bank customers are drawn on the funds deposited with the bank
and yield interest which provides the profits for the banking industry and the
interest on savings accounts. These loans may take the form of mortgages or other
sophisticated policies. Banks may guarante credit for customers who wish to
obtain loans from other institutions. They also provide foreign exchange
facilities for individual customers, as well as handling large international money
transfer.
Question 5

For its sudden destruction of crops, farmers call hail the "white plague."
"It wipes you out in the passing of a cloud”, complained a Colorado farm boy
bitterly. "Half an hour ago you had a half-section of wheat—320 acres—ready to
harvest Line and haul to town. Now you haven’t got a penny."
Thousands of hailstorms occur each year, especially in the moist,
temperateclimates of the middle latitudes. In the United States alone, crop damage
from hail totals about one billion dollars a year, with a further $75 million in
losses attributable to livestock deaths and property damage.
The groundwork for such devastation is laid innocently enough, deep
within a thunderstorm's cumulus cloud. There, at frigid altitudes above 15,000
feet, the air is at first so pure that water droplets can exist at temperatures well
below the freezing point without turning to ice.
As the storm's convection currents become more powerful, however, they
sweep tiny particles of dust and ice upward into the cloud. Each of these foreign
bodies—a potential hailstone nucleus—begins to collide with supercooled water
droplets, which freeze to it on impact. Buffeted about by a series of updrafts and
downdrafts, the hailstone gathers layer upon layer of ice. When it has grown so
heavy that even the strongest updraft cannot sustain it, the mature hailstone
plummets to earth.
While weak storms produce small stones that melt before reaching the
ground, severe thunderstorms are capable of generating hail the size of eggs,
baseballs, or even grapefruit. When a particularly violent storm ravaged
Coffeyville, Kansas, on September 3, 1970, residents collected scores of
unusually large hailstones, including one that measured nearly six inches in
diameter and weighed 1-2/3 pounds. When the amazing specimen was sent to
Colorado's National Center for Atmospheric Research, meteorologists confirmed
that it set a new record for size— and calculated that, in its final stages of growth,
the stone had required an updraft of 100 miles per hour to keep it in the air

What does this passage mainly discuss?

(A) Hailstorms
(B) Heavy stones
(C) Severe storms
(D) An amazing specimen

In lines 1-2 the phrase “it wipes you out” is closest in meaning to
(A) hail has a cleansing effect
(B) you feel tired after a hailstorm
(C) hailstorms can cause financial ruin
(D) a hailstorm will make you feel depressed
The word “devastation” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) destruction
(B) speculation
(C) creation
(D) preparation

It can be inferred from the passage that hailstorms would likely occur in which of
the following climates?
(A) A dry climate
(B) A tropical climate
(C) An arctic climate
(D) A moderate climate

According to the passage, water droplets are able to exist as water when
temperatures are below freezing because of
(A) the high altitude
(B) the pure air
(C) the cumulus cloud
(D) the convection currents

The word “frigid” in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) high
(B) cold
(C) cloudy
(D) remarkable

The formation of a hailstone can be best described as

(A) sudden
(B) cumulative
(C) severe
(D) sustaining

According to the passage, the hailstone falls to earth

(A) immediately
(B) when the downdraft is very strong
(C) when it is heavier than the updraft
(D) after the winds die down

The phrase “the amazing specimen” in line 19 refers to

(A) a storm
(B) a hailstone
(C) a grapefruit
(D) a baseball
It can be inferred from the passage that some hailstones melt before reaching the
ground because of their
(A) weight
(B) size
(C) nucleus
(D) immaturity

the word “confirmed” in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) suggested
(B) predicted
(C) established
(D) guessed

The word “it” in line 21 refers to

(A) the National Center for Atmospheric Research
(B) the size
(C) the specimen
(D) the storm

Which of the following types of organization does the author use for this passage?
(A) Argumentation
(B) Comparison
(C) Description
(D) Process