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Light Sensors
Light Sensors
As electronics seamlessly weave their way into our lives, Figure 1. This combination allows for lead length reduction
sensors play an increasingly important role. Light sensors and minimum parasitic capacitance on the amplifier inputs.
are one of the simplest and cheapest, allowing their This, of course, is the optimal condition for minimum noise,
inclusion in multitudes of consumer products from nightlights high frequency, and convenience. The low noise
to cameras. There are a multitude of ways to sense light. characteristics extend the sensitivity of the sensor down to
The array of available light sensors is presented, including 1Lux while keeping the upper limit of 100kLux. The power
trade-offs in resolution, dynamic range, and cost. Then, the drawn is still dependent on the amount of light sensed,
use of integrated circuitry enables on-chip calibration, reaching 0.9mA for 1000Lux. To conserve power, a power
filtering, and increased resolution. These advances are down pin is included. This device is suitable for many
discussed with respect to two application examples: an situations, not just digital cameras. Before discussing these
ambient light sensor for a laptop and cell phone display. applications, there is one last device to discuss.
1 CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2007. All Rights Reserved
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Application Note 1311
RANGE 1Lux to 100Lux 7kLux to 50kLux 1kLux to 100kLux 1kLux to 100kLux 0.3kLux to 10kLux
Applications for Ambient Light Sensors battery life is remarkable. With the light sensor to adjust the
back-light illumination, battery life is increased by at least a
Light sensors are ubiquitous in modern society. Some of
factor of 6! (assuming the backlight would remain on
these applications use reflected light with optical detection
full-power without any feedback from a light sensor).
for position sensing, like bar code readers, laser printers and
Figure 5 shows the complete automatic back light control
auto-focusing microscopes. Other applications use optical
circuit for cell phones. The EL7900 senses ambient light
sensors to gauge the amount of ambient light, such as digital
intensity and outputs a proportional current. Equation 1
cameras, cell phones, and laptops. It is this second group
shows the relationship between light intensity (E) and output
that we'll investigate further.
current (IOUT).
Ambient light sensors are included in laptops to sense the 60μA
I OUT = E ⋅ --------------------- (EQ. 1)
ambient light, allowing for adjustment of the screen's 100Lux
backlight to comfortable levels for the viewer. The range of
"comfortable levels" is dependent on the room's light. The The light sensor output current injects into the feedback
relationship is shown in Figure 3. Understandably, a screen's input of the White LED driver. In a bright environment, the
brightness needs to increase as the ambient light increases. light sensor sources more current into the feedback node; as
What is less obvious is the need to decrease the brightness a result, it reduces the White LED output current and
in lower light conditions-for comfortable viewing and to save reduces the White LED output light intensity. The
battery life. relationship between ambient light intensity (E) and White
LED output current is shown in Equation 2.
In laptop design, ambient light sensors are typically placed
V FB ⎛ RS ⎞
I LED = --------------- – ⎜ ⎛ E ⋅ -----------------⎞ ⋅ ---------------⎟
6μA
next to the speakers where the case has an opening for
R LED ⎝ ⎝ 10Lux⎠ R LED⎠ (EQ. 2)
light. These portals are commonly covered by a cross-hatch
pattern to protect the speakers. Because of this protection
(and the fact that the light sensor is next to the speaker Conclusion
instead of on top of it), the light is obstructed. The A wide variety of optical sensors are available in small
obstruction reduces the amount of light to be measured, packages at reasonable prices. Passive solutions have been
requiring a solution with low-light accuracy. For the accuracy serving consumers for decades in nightlights and still digital
needed in low-light conditions, the best sensor choice is the cameras. Active solutions have increased the range and
integrated photo diode with an ADC. A sample solution is usefulness of ambient light sensors. Typical active solutions
provided in Figure 4. Notice that the inclusion of a high-pass integrate a photo transistor or a photo diode with a current
filter minimizes power supply noise from coupling into the amplifier. When greater resolution, low-light capability, power
backlight illumination. supply rejection, or a disabling function would be useful, the
A second common example is an ambient light sensor used ISL29001 family extends the usefulness of typical ambient
in a cell phone where every mA-hour saved translates into light sensors.
longer battery life and happier customers. The
enable/disable function is equally important for the
battery-saving, power-down feature. The extension of
2 AN1311.0
May 9, 2007
Application Note 1311
VCC
CURRENT AMP
OUT
GND
FIGURE 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF EL7900, AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR WITH INTEGRATED CURRENT AMP
VDD PD
I2C INTERFACE
TEMPERATURE SDA
50Hz/60Hz 15-BIT
COMPENSATED ADC
REJECTION
LIGHT SENSOR SCL
GND REXT
FIGURE 2. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ISL29001, AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR WITH ADC, ENABLE AND FILTER
3 AN1311.0
May 9, 2007
Application Note 1311
100000
DISPLAY IS TOO BRIGHT - READABLE, BUT ANNOYING
10000
100
OPTIMUM
10 VISUAL
COMFORT
0.001
0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
BACKLIGHT CCFL
CONTROL BACKLIGHT CCFL
LIGHT SENSOR
ALGORITHM POWER LAMP
CONTROL
4 AN1311.0
May 9, 2007
Application Note 1311
D2
L5 ILED
22µh
U6 D3
EL7630 D1
VIN VIN LX
D4
MA2772800LCT-ND
R15
C32 100k Rs
1µf FB
750
D5
C33
ENABLE ENAB 1µf
RLED
PGND
6.19
GND
D6
GND
C40
0.1µF U1
1 5
VCC OUT
2
GND
3 4
EN NC
EL7900 LIGHT SENSOR
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verify that the Application Note or Technical Brief is current before proceeding.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
5 AN1311.0
May 9, 2007