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San Fabian National High School

San Fabian, Pangasinan
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

READING AND WRITING

SKILLS
Quarter 3 – Module 1-Week 1:
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN
WRITING ACROSS DISCIPLINES
(Second Semester)
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READING AND WRITING SKILLS
Quarter 3 – Module 1:

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING ACROSS DISCIPLINES

After going through this module, you are expected to distinguish between and among patterns of development in
writing across disciplines (EN11/12RWS IIIbf-3), specifically:
1. Identify the patterns of a written texts from the reading selection;
2. Distinguish one pattern from the other by looking at its similarities and differences; and
3. Critique a chosen sample reading text of each pattern of development by focusing on information selection,
organization, and development.

Writers write for a purpose either to narrate, describe, define, classify, compare, contrast, persuade or show cause and
effect or problem-solution relationships. The selection of patterns of development in writing is dependable on the
writer’s purpose.

WHAT’S IN
Complete the statements about paragraph writing from the pool of words below.

coherence
paragraph
supporting details
topic sentence

1. A ___________ is composed of sentences that are related to develop a central idea.

2. The ___________________ states the main idea of a paragraph.
3. There should be a smooth flow of connection between and among ideas and sentences in a paragraph to achieve
_____________.
4. ________________ are information and/or facts that serve as evidence, explanation or examples. They help readers
gain full understanding of the main idea.
5. It is important to select and ______________ ideas and details when writing a paragraph.

WHAT’S NEW
Read the poem below about patterns of development in writing.

Writing needs direction before your ideas slip away

Let these patterns in writing help you, if they may
If you tell a story of what happened, Narration is the way
Description is when large, sweet or soft are words you say
If you tell the meaning of a concept, term or subject
And explain what something is, definition is what you expect
Put items related in categories or groups in any way,
Classification is definitely the game you play
Stating the reason and result, that’s cause and effect
You want to convince readers? Persuasion is perfect
When there’s an issue or problem and a solution is made today
Obviously, problem- solution pattern is on display
If similarities and differences are the ideas you collect
Then comparison and contrast pattern is what you reflect
These are the patterns of developing the thoughts in your head
Remember that to achieve a particular purpose in the end,
Information in a written text may be organized and selected.
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WHAT IS IT
Writing is one basic and important skill one should have in order to communicate, whether it be for the
humanities, sciences or business. Under these various disciplines or fields where writing is required, we need to
determine which writing pattern is best to use.
The Humanities may involve writing literature reviews, book reports, literary analyses, essays, critical reviews,
and argumentative papers. The Sciences have natural, social, formal and applied science. Writing for this discipline calls
for precise use of terms, simple and direct language, objectivity and clarity. As for Business, we have memos, claim
letters, economic research papers, résumés, school application essays, scholarship application letters, and business
proposals.
There are things you may want to write first before speaking since writing will give you more time to think of
what you want to say. As a student, you may have already encountered different writing tasks. By this time, you may
have also developed your own way of expressing your thoughts through writing.
Composing paragraphs, essays or short answers for your homework are some of the instances when you have
to write. When you write, you need to know your reason. Why do you need to write? What are you writing for? This
sounds a little difficult in the beginning. That is why it is necessary that you organize your ideas first. How do you
organize your ideas? Arranging your thoughts will depend on the purpose you have for writing, hence, there are patterns
of written texts across disciplines.
The different patterns of development of these written texts across disciplines will help you find the direction
of the thoughts and ideas you write.
Some of the patterns may have similarities and differences that distinguish one from the others. To help you tell
apart a specific pattern, look into the distinctive characteristics it has.

WHAT’S MORE
Let us have a brief check. What are the patterns of development in writing mentioned in the poem?
A. List down the underlined patterns according to how they were stated in the poem.
B. Match the pattern of writing above with its description below.
a. It tells why something happens and what happens after. It explains how an incident or action produces results. It is
fitting for argumentation, explanation or narration. The writer may begin from the cause, followed by the effect or
from the effect, followed by the cause.
b. This presents how a thing, person or a certain subject is similar or different from another. It is concerned with how
alike (compare) or unlike (contrast) someone or something is from someone or something else.
c. It gives the meaning of an idea, concept or word and may specify certain limits of its meaning. This is commonly
used in writing scientific research or term papers.
d. This pattern aims to create a picture in the minds of the reader by using adjectives and words that appeal to the
senses. Its purpose is to help the readers imagine what the writer saw, heard, smelled, tasted, felt or experienced.
e. This is done by noting relationships among things. Particular items are placed in categories that distinguish them
from the other groups of kinds based on certain principles or bases.
f. It presents logically- arranged events which should also describe what happened and when, where, how and why
something occurred. This is usually told with action words. It should appeal to readers’ feelings and
understanding. Events are organized according to time or chronology so transitional devices used are usually first,
second, next, then, finally and others that denote time.
g. The intention of this pattern is to convince or influence the reader to do or believe in a certain idea or perception.
h. This pattern identifies an issue or a problem and posts a suggested solution to solve it. It may be compared to cause-
and-effect pattern. It is different because it presents a solution to the problem while cause and effect just provides the
effects of the problem.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Writing paragraphs is easier when you know which pattern is applicable for the topic you have. Let us recall
the different patterns of development in writing across disciplines.
The diagram that follows describes a distinguishing characteristic of a specific pattern of development. Can
you identify the descriptions from the diagram.
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________________
____________ uses adjectives and ________________
relates a story descriptive words gives meaning to a
term

Patterns of Written _______________

_______________ Texts Across cites similarities
shows cause Disciplines and
and effect (Sciences, differences
Humanities,
Business)

________________
________________
sorts/places subjects
aims to convince
or things into
readers
categories or class
________________
discusses certain
issue
and the solution to it

WHAT I CAN DO
Now that the different patterns of development in writing texts across disciplines are familiar to you, analyze which of
them is best for the topics below.
Which pattern of written text should be used if you will write a paragraph for each topic?
1. Write about the types of classmates you have.
2. Tell us about your happiest day.
3. Give the similarities and differences you have with your closest friend.
4. Identify a problem you experience every Sunday and give a solution for it.
5. Define petrichor.
6. Explain the reason and result of not having good study habits.
7. Make your readers approve of the importance of wearing face mask when going out.
8. State what you saw, heard, tasted, smelled and felt the last time someone cooked at home.
9. Discuss how this school year is the same and how different it is from the previous school year.
10. Write about one common problem of teenagers today and suggest a way to solve it.
Let us match the appropriate pattern of writing for each of the title of written text.
Each pattern of development in writing texts across disciplines is fit for a unique writing situation. Choosing the
appropriate writing pattern will help in organizing ideas suitable for the paragraph to be developed.

1. Solved! How I Deal with Bullies a. cause and effect

2. A Rainy Day to Remember b. classification
3. My Hometown, Then and Now c. comparison and contrast
4. What is Oversleeping? d. definition
5. Nature’s Beauty: Breathe, Look e. description
and Listen f. narration
6. One, Two. Three, Let’s Plant Trees! g. persuasion
7. Four Types of Heartbreak h. problem- solution
8. Being a Vegetarian: Its Cause and
Effects
9. Winning the Race against Anxiety
10. The Old Me vs. the New Me 4

ASSESSMENT
Congratulations for making it this far! You’re almost done. Before you proceed to your next lesson, let us test your
mastery. Today’s task is to read the following paragraphs and determine which pattern of development in writing is
used. Are you ready? Here are the paragraphs.

1. Caring for yourself during these times is also caring for others. When we are allowed to go outside our houses, we
should obey health practices. Some are skeptic about wearing masks. Others are still in doubt when asked to wash hands
often or use alcohol and sanitizer. There are also people who question the need to maintain distance from each other in
public areas. These safety measures are set because they are proven to be helpful in preventing the spread of the virus.
They are not mere wishes to make our lives difficult. We are asked to do these health protocols because we are still in
danger with the rising number of COVID-19 cases. Be responsible for yourself so that you will not be the reason for
others to catch the virus. If you care for your loved ones, you must take care of yourself first. You do not want to be the
one bringing the virus to your home.

2. The word quarantine is such a familiar one to almost everyone who are aware of the pandemic today. According to
the Merriam- Webster dictionary online, it is a noun that has several meanings. It states that it is a period of 40 days. It
may also be a term during which a ship arriving in port and suspected of carrying contagious disease is held in isolation
from the shore. Also, it means a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods
designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is also defined as a state of enforced isolation. For us, who have
been in community quarantine for more or less three months, we know that quarantine means staying at home and
waiting for the situation to be better. It is a condition wherein only those who have quarantine pass are allowed to go
out for essential needs of the family. For others, the concept quarantine may also be equated to “no work, no pay” policy.
Some may define it as something needed for people who are sick or those who came from places with COVID-19 cases.
On the other hand, some probably sees quarantine as something that takes away their right to see family, relatives and
friends. To sum it up, whatever or however we understand quarantine, we need to follow it as a safety protocol since we
are still fighting this pandemic.

3. There are several similarities and differences between being a senior and junior high school student. Being a senior
and junior high school student, both require you to study hard to be able to get desirable outputs and decent grades.
Subjects are equally important to be given attention. It’s just that some subject areas may be easier to deal with depending
on different factors. The subjects in senior high school (SHS) and junior high school (JHS) differ in a way that SHS
subjects are more specific areas that are deemed essential for the track and strand you chose while in JHS, subjects are
the general ones that we have since first grade, just increasing in complexity. Another similarity is that when you enter
SHS and JHS, you have to prepare yourself to be a responsible part of the institution that you will enroll in. You should
be ready to follow the policy that the school implements. Being a “senior” high student doesn’t mean you are superior
or anything and being a “junior” high student doesn’t mean that you are under those in the SHS. The difference comes
when there may be slight changes in the way rules and regulations are applied and the gravity of reprimands you may
receive as you step up to higher grade levels or as you encounter different situations. In general, whether there are
similarity or difference in being a Senior or Junior high school student, it’s is still up to you how you will handle it.

4. The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made people realize many things. We are faced with an
“invisible” enemy. Many usual activities that some may have taken for granted are now things we miss doing like
shaking hands or hugging our buddies. Going out is now a privilege and a great responsibility. Being at work and coming
home from work has become a battlefield. And having a stable income is a major struggle. Physical, as well as mental
stress are silently creeping in and we have to overcome them, while being a “healthy” person. All these may just be the
tip of the ice berg. There are a lot more that can be unnamed but we have to face. How do we deal with things new to
everyone? How do we fight against these? Two significant attitudes emerge from us in this unsolved puzzle- resilience
and cooperation. We have proven to be resilient in times of calamities. We are still able to flash a smile despite heavy
burdens. We have come out stronger every after storm, in a literal sense or not. We are bent but not totally broken. What
makes us take in everything, both the negative and positive events is the sense of cooperation. Left and right, we see
donors. Ordinary people or the public figures go the extra mile just to share what they can. We witness neighbors and
strangers help each other in any way they can. We are in the same boat and bad news cannot stop good hearts spreading
hope to those who need it. These are why we move forward in spite of the gigantic obstacles we see ahead.

5. I have a panda-like brother. He has round, chubby face and tiny round eyes. The circles under his eyes add to that
panda look because of constantly wearing glasses. His short, flat hair that perfectly fits his round face has white and
gray streaks already because of age. His hairy arms were quite short for his size or maybe his weight makes them seem
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shorter than I expect them to be. His big paw-like hands were soft and cuddly. That’s why his nephews and nieces love
holding them. He gives them big warm hugs whenever they visited him. He is one unique guy with a big heart fit for a
panda-looking bro.
6. There are several reasons why you need a good a study habit and its effects will prove it beneficial. First, a good study
habit is necessary since you are a student who aims to pass the grade level you are in. That’s one basic objective anyone
who studies has. And if you pass, most probably, you, and your loved ones will be happy for the achievement. When
you pass, it will be one step making you closer to your goal. Second, a good study habit is important because you want
to be ready. This serves as your pre-determined plan that will help you get through your student life easier. Having a
regular review of your notes every 9 o’clock in the evening is better than cramming to read all of your notes ten minutes
before an exam. You will be able to prepare for a quiz or test; may it be a surprise or not because you habitually read
your notes. Third, setting a good study habit is the same as training your mind to work. In real life, when you have a
habit of practicing, you know how the saying goes. Practice makes perfect. If you practice good study habits, then you
are more likely to
get the outcome that you expect. Who doesn’t want to see good scores on his or her papers? These are just some of the
causes and effects of having good study habit. You may discover more if you actually do it.

7. I will never forget how I learned to ride a bike. It was the summer of 2000 when our mother bought us a new bicycle.
We were all happy and excited to play outside because of the new companion. We began self- learning. We took turns
in riding the bike with the hope that I will learn first. Our friends had bicycles too so it was some kind of a competition
who will be able to get the right balance first. To cut the story short, I won the unofficial contest of knowing how to ride
the bike without training wheels. How did I do it? Thanks to the angry dogs in our neighborhood. They were determined
to teach me drive the bike so fast that I forgot I didn’t know how to.
8. There are three classifications of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases according to the situation report – 101
of the World Health Organization (WHO) which was based on data from national authorities on April 30, 2020. These
are suspect case, probable case and confirmed case. First, a person is categorized under the suspect case if he or she has
acute respiratory illness, that is, having fever and at least one respiratory disease symptom like cough or shortness of
breath, and a travel history to or
residence in a place where community transmission of COVID-19 is reported during the 14 days preceding the start of
showing signs. In addition, a patient is also a suspect case if he or she has any acute respiratory illness and had contact
with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset. Lastly, one is considered a
suspect case is he or she has severe acute respiratory illness, with fever and at least one sign of respiratory disease such
as cough or shortness of breath to the extent that the person requires hospitalization, and when there is no alternative
diagnosis that fully explains the condition. Second, a patient is a classified as probable case if he or she is a suspect case
but the result of testing for the COVID-19 virus is inconclusive or questionable which should be reported by the
laboratory. Another situation a patient is a probable case is when a suspect case could not undergo testing for COVID-
19 for whatever reason. Third, a person is a confirmed case if he or she has a laboratory confirmation of COVID-19
infection, regardless of clinical signs and symptoms.

Amazing! Great reading you have there. Now, this part will test your reading skills by distinguishing the pattern of
written text as described.
1. This pattern helps the reader to create a picture as the writer provides details, sharing his or her experience about a
particular topic.
2. It discusses an issue or problem, sometimes involving its root cause with the aim of citing a solution or proposing a
resolution to it.
3. With this pattern, you may see a chain of connected occurrences and how something may happen as a consequence
of a preceding one. It poses the cause and result of an action or an incident.
4. The main purpose of this pattern is to bring the readers to agree on an idea or thought the writer suggests as true and
correct. Its goal is to convince the readers to believe on or do something.
5. This pattern gives a concept, idea or term clarity by providing its meaning and some limiting or distinguishing
characteristics that sets it apart from other concepts, ideas or terms.
6. It is a pattern used to tell about a significant human experience in chronological order. If one wants to relate events
about an event or episode in one’s life, this pattern is appropriate.
7. This pattern features items or subjects that are put into groups or categories based on identifying characteristics that
set them to belong into a particular classification.
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Grade READING AND WRITING SKILLS

QUARTER 2- MODULE 1

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MODULE TITLE: PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
IN WRITING ACROSS DISCIPLINES
SUBJECT TEACHER:
1
NAME: __________________________________________________________________
GRADE & SECTION: ________________________________STRAND: ________________
BARANGAY: ______________________________________________________________

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICES. Identify what is asked. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on your
answer sheet. USE CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY.

1. The pattern of development in writing that tells why something happens, what causes it, what are the
effects, and how it is related to something else is _____.
A. Cause and Effect B. Classification and Division C. Compare and Contrast D. Definition

2. The pattern of development in writing that groups items into their parts or types
are called _____. A. Classification and Division B. Definition C. Description D. Persuasion

3. The pattern of development in writing that tells how something is like other things or how something is
different from other things is known as _____.
A. Compare and Contrast B. Description C. Exemplification D. Problem-Solution

4. The pattern of development in writing that explains what something is in comparison to other members of
its class, along with any limitations refers to _____.
A. Classification and Division B. Definition C. Description D. Narration

5. The pattern of development in writing that details what something looks like and its characteristics pertains
to ____.
A. Compare and Contrast B. Description C. Exemplification D. Problem-Solution

6. The pattern of development in writing that describes an issue and your position or opinion on the subject
is called ____. A. Description B. Exemplification C. Narration D. Persuasion

7. The pattern of development in writing that describes what, when, and where something happened is known
as ______.
A. Classification and Division B. Definition C. Exemplification D. Narration

8. The sequence of events in a story refers to ______.A. Characters B. Motif C. Plot D. Theme

9. The people, animals, or inanimate objects in the story that are affected by the actions in the plot are known
as ______.A. Characters B. Plot C. Setting D. Theme

10. Because of, for, due to, so that, therefore are signal words of what pattern of written text?
A. Problem-Solution B. Classification and Division C. Cause-Effect D. Thesis Evidence

11. A part of, a kind of, a group of, a way of are signal words of what text structure?
A. Cause-Effect B. Classification and Division C. Compare-Contrast D. Persuasion

12. Which of the following refers to what was yielded after something else took place?
A. Causal Analysis B. Cause C. Cause-Effect Chain D. Effect
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13. Which of the following refers to what prompted something to happen?
A. Causal Analysis B. Cause C. Cause-Effect Chain D. Effect

14. What part of the plot structure has an enticing opening to capture readers’ interest?
A. Climax B. Denouement C. Exposition D. Rising Action

15. What element in narrative writing reveals the message in a story?

A. Characters B. Plot C. Setting D. Theme

16. What part of the plot structure is considered as the turning point or the highest point of interest in the
narrative? A. Climax B. Denouement C. Falling Action D. Rising Action

17. When you have a supportive audience or spectators who are already briefed on the issue at hand, what
appeal should you maximize to use to them?
A. Athos B. Ethos C. Logos D. Pathos

18. When you have spectators who are not readily accepting your ideas and who may listen to you but that
does not necessarily mean they automatically believe what you’re saying, what appeal should you make use
of? A. Athos B. Ethos C. Logos D. Pathos

19. When you have spectators who are most difficult to please and to win, the appeal that you should make
use of is ____.
A. Athos B. Ethos C. Logos D. Pathos

20. When you have a hostile audience, what appeal is never a good idea to use to them?
A. Athos B. Ethos C. Logos D. Pathos

Prepared by:
ARACELI F. NIÑALGA
SHS TEACHER III