UNIT III

B. Sc. (Hons.) – II Semester

Course Title: Fundamental of IT (CABSVO2005)
Under VOC Category of FYUP
Dr. Shabbir H. DAY-13 Date: 18.03.2024

Computer Inbuilt Pc Security Tools

Scan options (Microsoft Defender)

Microsoft Defender Antivirus (formerly Windows Defender) is an antivirus

software component of Microsoft Windows. It was first released as a
downloadable free anti-spyware program for Windows XP and was
shipped with Windows Vista and Windows 7. It has evolved into a full
antivirus program, replacing Microsoft Security Essentials in Windows
8 or later versions.

Parental controls

Microsoft provides a full suite of parental controls that are particularly

effective when you live in a Windows 10 world. For this feature to work
your children will need to be signed-in to Windows PCs or an Xbox with
their own Microsoft email accounts, not local accounts.

You can use parental controls to set screen time limits, create content
filters, and restrict certain apps and games. You can even give your children an allowance to
spend on apps and games and monitor their purchase history. If they’re carrying a laptop with
them you can also locate their devices on a map.
To get started with parental controls in Windows 10, open Windows Security and then
select Family options > View family settings. This will launch a website where you can manage
parental controls.

System restore point

Windows 10 provides options to reset your PC, but that wipes out all installed programs (you
can choose not to erase personal files) with a fresh copy of Windows. A system restore, on
the other hand, returns your PC to its last known good state (restore point).

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This can be a helpful tool when you accidentally mess up your system, or you want to try to
get rid of an annoying program that won’t uninstall.
A System Restore will not help you retrieve lost personal files and documents. For that you
need regular backups.

Memory Integrity

Memory Integrity is a security feature that’s part of a larger set of security features within
Windows 10 called Core Isolation. The basic idea with Memory Integrity is that it creates a
virtualized environment inside a chunk of system memory. This environment is isolated from
the rest of the system and runs critical Windows processes that make sure system drivers and
other important processes haven’t been tampered with. The idea is that by isolating this activity
it’s much harder for advanced malware threats to get into core parts of your system.

Dynamic Lock

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If you’d like to lock your PC automatically when you’re away from the computer Dynamic Lock
can help. After pairing your phone to your PC via Bluetooth you can automatically lock your
device whenever your phone is out of range.

It’s dead simple to set-up if your PC has Bluetooth. Start by connecting your phone to your PC
via Bluetooth. Open the Settings app by tapping Windows key + “I”. Next go to Devices > Add
Bluetooth or another device then in the next screen That opens select Bluetooth. Then select
your phone and follow the instructions to pair the devices.

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 Installing And Updating Application Software

Steps for installing a new operating system

o Choose your OS
o Backup your data
o Prepare your installation media (image file, ios file of the windows into a bootable
pendrive)
o Install the new OS
o Configure your new OS
o Restore your data and programs

These steps show how to manually update applications, but you can set up your
computer to automatically update.
1. Check the File and Help menus for update instructions.
2. You should be able to find the software version number also on the Help menu.
3. Choose Start→Programs→All Programs.
4. Look for the install directory of an application you want to update. Look for an update
program option.
5. Point your Internet browser to the software manufacturer's Web site and look for
update instructions.
6. Download a newer version than the version you’re running.
7. Install according to the software directions.
8. Run diagnostics and use a defragmentation utility, which differs depending on your
operating system:
Windows XP:
1. Choose Start→All Programs.
2. Select Accessories→System Tools.
3. Click Disk Defragmenter.
4. Select the drive you want to defragment.
5. Click Defragment.
6. Windows Vista or Windows 7:
7. Choose Start→Control Panel.
8. Click System and Security.
9. Choose Defragment Your Hard Drive in the Administrative Tools section.
10. Choose the drive you want to defragment.
11. Click Defragment Disk.

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Antivirus

Software that is created specifically to help detect, prevent and remove malware (malicious
software) such as viruses.

Antivirus is a kind of software used to prevent, scan, detect and delete viruses from a
computer. Once installed, most antivirus software runs automatically in the background to
provide real-time protection against virus attacks.

Comprehensive virus protection programs help protect your files and hardware from malware
such as worms, Trojan horses and spyware, and may also offer additional protection such as
customizable firewalls and website blocking.

Common Types of Cyber Threats

As the Internet of Things (IoT) grows, so does the risk of cybercrime for mobile phones and
other internet-connected devices, not just your personal computer. According to Verizon’s
2022 Data Breach Investigations Report, 45% of organizations had recently experienced a
mobile-related compromise. You need to protect yourself against malware.

What is malware?

Malware, short for “malicious software,” is a blanket term that refers to a wide variety of
software programs designed to do damage or do other unwanted actions to a computer, server
or computer network. Common examples include viruses, spyware and trojan horses.
Malware can slow down or crash your device or delete files. Criminals often use malware to
send spam, obtain personal and financial information and even steal your identity.

What is spyware?

Spyware is a type of malware that attaches itself and hides on a computer’s operating system
without your permission to make unwanted changes to your user experience. It can be used
to spy on your online activity and may generate unwanted advertisements or make your
browser display certain website sites or search results.

What is Phishing?

Phishing attacks use email or fraudulent websites to try to trick you into providing personal or
financial information to compromise an account or steal money by posing as a trustworthy
entity. They may claim there’s a problem with payment information or that they’ve noticed

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activity on an account and ask you to click on a link or attachment and provide personal
information.
Antivirus programs and computer protection software.
Antivirus programs and computer protection software are designed to evaluate data such as
web pages, files, software and applications to help find and eradicate malware as quickly as
possible.
Most provide real-time protection, which can protect your devices from incoming threats; scan
your entire computer regularly for known threats and provide automatic updates; and identify,
block and delete malicious codes and software.
Because so many activities are now conducted online and new threats emerge continuously,
it’s more important than ever to install a protective antivirus program. Fortunately, there are a
number of excellent products on the market today to choose from.

Disk cleanup

Disk Cleanup is a Microsoft software utility introduced with Windows 98 and included in all
subsequent releases of Windows. It allows users to remove files that are no longer needed or
that can be safely deleted. Removing unnecessary files, including temporary files, helps speed
up and improve the performance of the hard drive and computer. Running Disk Cleanup at
least once a month is an excellent maintenance task and frequency.

As the image shows, Disk Cleanup can delete temporary Internet files (associated with
Internet Explorer), downloaded program files, and offline webpages. Disk Cleanup also lets
you empty the Recycle Bin, delete temporary files, and delete thumbnails.

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How to open Microsoft Disk Cleanup

Microsoft Disk Cleanup can be opened by following these steps.

Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8
1. Press Windows key + X to open the Power User Task Menu.
2. In the menu, tap or click the Run option.
3. In the Run text field, type cleanmgr and press Enter.

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