Sinyal Sinusoid

V(t) = Vm sin (ωt + θ) is sinusoid signal with amplitude Vm,

argument (ωt+θ), period T, frekuensi f = ω/2π, sudut fase θ.
The green signal leading the red signal by θ radian.
The red signal lagging the green signal by θ radian.
𝑉𝑚
RMS value =
2

t
T

Electrical signal with V(RMS) = 220 V and f = 60 Hz has

T=1/60 sec., 𝜔 = 120𝜋 (377,14), Vm=311,17V 1
 Cosine and Sine Signals
Period T = 2π.
Frequency f =

1
ωt (rad )

Cosine leading by 90⁰, thus sin ωt = cos (ωt - 90⁰)

Sine lagging by 90⁰, thus cos ωt = sin (ωt + 90⁰)

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 RL Circuit with sinusoid
- Using KVL, Ldi/dt + Ri = Vmcos ωt,
- Use i(t) = I1 cos ωt + I2 sin ωt and di/dt = (-I1 ω cos ωt + I2 ω cos ωt.
- Subtitute i(t) and di/dt to the equation:
L(-I1 ω cos ωt + I2 ω cos ωt) + R(I1cos ωt + I2cos ωt) = Vmcos ωt
OR
(-LI1ω+RI2) sin ωt + (LI2ω + RI1 - Vm) sin ωt = 0.

-LI1ω+RI2 = 0 dan LI2ω + RI1 - Vm = 0, OR

I1 = RVm/(R2+ω2L2) dan I2 = ωLVm/(R2+ω2L2).

- Thus i(t) = (RVm/(R2+ω2L2)) cos ωt + (ωLVm/(R2+ω2L2)) sin ωt.

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 RL Circuit with sinusoid
i(t) in another form, i(t) = A cos (ωt - θ)

From A cos (ωt - θ) = A cos θ cos ωt + A sin θ sin ωt.

= (RVm/(R2+ω2L2)) cos ωt + (ωLVm/(R2+ω2L2)) sin ωt.

Obtained
A = Vm/(R2+ω2L2)1/2
Θ = tan-1 ωL/R

Thus:

i(t) = Vm/(R2+ω2L2)1/2 cos (ωt - tan-1 ωL/R)

Assignment 1.
1. From the circuit above, obtained i(t) if R =5 ohm, L = 5 mH dan
Vs(t) from the power line? Plot the waveform using Matlab.
2. Also get the VR(t) and VL(t)? Plot them using Matlab.

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LTSpice Simulation

VL

VR

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Example