REVIEWER IN ENGLISH 9, 3RD QUARTER
Evidence refers to facts used to support an argument.
BIAS AND PREJUDICE
Bias refers to a tendency to lean in a particular direction
or side. It is a disposition to be in favor of or against one
thing, person, or group. It is having a concept or thought
in a way considered to be unfair.
Ex. The teacher is giving more attention to students
who are good academically.
Prejudice is preconceived, usually an unfavorable feeling
towards a particular group based solely on their social
group membership. It is an irrational or incorrect
attitude towards an individual or a person based solely
on their social group membership.
Ex. Filipinos are not good at studying.
PARAGRAPH
Main idea is the essential piece of information the author
wants you to know. It is the big point or the most
important idea that the writer is communicating to the
reader.
Supporting details are facts, statements, or examples
that clarify, illuminate, explain, describe, expand, and
illustrate the main idea.
Point/Claim is a debatable statement that can be proven
with evidence.
Ex. Regular physical activity is essential for
maintaining good health. Engaging in at least 30
minutes of moderate exercise daily significantly
reduces the risk of chronic diseases. A study by the
World Health Organization (WHO) found that
individuals who follow this exercise regimen have a
25% lower risk of developing heart disease or
diabetes compared to those who are inactive.
AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT
Agreement means that both of you have the same idea.
Example of Strong Agreement
1. That is for sure! Your opinion is very much valid.
2. Absolutely. I think that studying for exams is a
very good move to pass the test.
Example of Weak Agreement
1. I think so but there is a better idea than that.
2. I guess you are right, but we should consider his
opinion too.
Disagreement means that two people have
different/opposing ideas.
Example of Strong Disagreement
1. No way! Your idea is ridiculous!
2. That is rubbish! I can’t accept this kind of
project!
Example of Weak Disagreement
1. That’s partly true but we also need to consider
the other factors.
2. I understand where you’re coming from, but I
think there is a better idea than that.
TYPES OF EVIDENCE
Testimonial Evidence or Quotes in this kind of evidence,
statements from known authorities and experts are
used.
Ex. The Manila Bulletin stated, “Philippine economy
declined last 2020.”
Statistical Evidence or Statistics involves presenting
numbers that support your point. It comes in a form of
number, percentage, or surveyed type of data.
Ex. About 80% of the world is suffering from poverty
and 9% of these people are under extreme poverty.
Anecdotal Evidence or Anecdotes comes from personal
experience. It can involve a story about something that
happened to you, or an observation you made about
friends, relatives, or other people.
Ex. I believe that his movie is the best movie I’ve
seen.
Factual Evidence or Facts are bits of information that
were established or have been proven by science and
research.
Ex. The sun is the center of the solar system.
Analogical Evidence are conclusions are based in
comparisons whether they are positive or negative way.
Ex. I saw a boring film that has a similar plot to
this movie, so therefore the movie must be boring
too.
ELEMENTS IN JUDGING THE VALIDITY OF A
MATERIAL VIEWED
Relevance - the information's level of importance to a
particular viewing purpose or explicitly stated need for
that information.
Ex. You found an article on photosynthesis which is
connected to your project about plants.
Accuracy - the extent to which information contains
factual and updated details that can be verified by
consulting alternative and/or primary sources.
Ex. A book review on historical events accurately
cites dates and figures verified by multiple
historical records and databases.
Reliability - the information's level of trustworthiness
based on information about the author and the
publishing body.
Ex. A documentary on water conservation practices
around the world consistently cites peer-reviewed
research to support its claims.
Validity – It is the extent to which a concept, or
measurement is well-founded and corresponds
accurately to the real world.
Ex. A study claims that listening to classical music
improves study habits and uses controlled
experiments with college students to support this
claim.
PARALLELISM
Parallel Structure means using the same construction
for sentence elements that are the same in function. The
words in a certain part of a sentence should be
balanced.
Ex. The students were busy reviewing, studying,
and to check their notes.
The students were busy reviewing, studying,
and checking their notes.