KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, MALETE

COLLEGE OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & PHARMACOLOGY

2020/2021 HARMATTAN SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS

BCH413 - Advanced Biochemical Methods and Biochemical Reasoning

(3 Credit Units)

Date

Time

2 hours

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Matriculation

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 KWASU 2021/2022 Harmattan Semester Examinations
BCH413 - Advanced Biochemical Methods and Biochemical Reasoning

Special Instruction(s): Attempt Question 1 and any other THREE (3) questions only.

1. (a). Read the paragraph below carefully and use it to answer the questions that
follows.
Despite the fact that Enantia chlorantha is commonly used among the local
communities in Nigeria in the management of diabetes, scientific data in support of
this local medicinal use in diabetes is lacking in the literatures. This study validates
the antidiabetic efficacy of E. chlorantha stem bark and the possible therapeutic
implications of the co-administration of lisinopril and E. chlorantha in type 2 diabetic
rats. E. chlorantha stem bark was extracted by cold maceration. The inhibitory effect
of the plant on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and its antioxidative potentials
were assessed in vitro. The extract exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activities and also showed antioxidative properties in vitro. Administration of the
extract normalized fasting hyperglycemia in vivo by showing 47.24 % reduction in
blood glucose levels relative to untreated diabetic rats. Co-administration of E.
chlorantha and lisinopril restored serum glucose and serum lipid profile levels. E.
chlorantha stem bark displayed antidiabetic potentials as compared with a standard
antidiabetic drug (metformin). The study also showed that the plant contained some
bioactive compounds which we hypothesize might be responsible for the observed
activities. Co-administration of the plant with lisinopril conferred no significant
therapeutic advantage on the serum glucose level and lipid profile.
i. What will be the name of the paragraph above in a scientific research paper?
ii. Suggest the best title for the study?
iii. Describe the underline word in the passage
iv. What is the standard antidiabetic drug used in the study.
v. Identify and write out the following in the paragraph:
a. Objective of the study
b. Conclusion
(b). What are the purpose of research proposal.
(c). Rewrite the reference below correctly.
i. J. Infect. Dis. Two non-recombining sympatric forms of the human malaria
parasite Plasmodium ovale occur globally. 2010. 201(10):1544-1550.
Sutherland, C.L., Tanomising, N. and Nolder, D.
 KWASU 2021/2022 Harmattan Semester Examinations
BCH413 - Advanced Biochemical Methods and Biochemical Reasoning

ii. 52:1356-1362. Kantele, A. and Jokiranta, T.S. Clin Infect Dis. Review of cases
with the emerging fifth human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. 2011.
(25 marks)
2. (a). Distinguish between the following:
i. Accuracy and Precision
ii. Null hypothesis and Alternative hypothesis
iii. Random error and Systemic error
iv. Cross sectional study and Randomized controlled study
(b). State four (4) goals of research
(15 marks)
3. (a) State the classes of Chromatography according to the packing of the stationary phase.
(b) Briefly explain the principles, set-up and operation of Paper Chromatography.
(c). In a tabular form, differentiate between the different forms of Column
chromatography.
(15 marks)
4. (a). What is the principle behind centrifugation.
(b). Discuss the three types of centrifuges.
(c) Write short note on the following:
i. Rate zonal centrifugation
ii. Isopycnic or sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation.
(15 marks)
5. (a). What are the applications of SDS-PAGE.
(b). List the merits and limitations of SDS-PAGE.
(c). Why is polyacrylamide used as a gel?
(15 marks)