PHYS8721

Part 1: X-ray, Neutron, Electron, and Computational imaging

Week one: Direct imaging with various probes

Topic

Introduction to the various forms of image formation in a microscopy context using the probes:
electrons, x-rays, and neutrons. Covers imaging techniques ranging from transmission and
Scatter to refraction and characteristic emission of x/gamma-rays.

Learning goals
 Imaging is not restricted to visible light
 Other probes are useful at the limits of visible light in terms of:
 Resolution, e.g., ultramicroscopy
 Penetration, e.g., tomography
 In a microscopy context what are the strengths/limitations of each probe (optical,
electron, neutron, x-ray)
 Imaging is not restricted to simply transmission and absorption/reflection

Papers

Electron imaging: Egerton, R.F., 2005. Physical principles of electron microscopy (Vol. 56).
New York: Springer.
Read Chapter 1 "An Introduction to microscopy." Particularly important are sections 1.1 - 1.7
(Limitations of the Human Eye --- Analytical Electron Microscopy). You may like to know a bit
more about the two main SEM modes; see sections 5.3 Secondary-Electron Images and 5.4
Backscattered-Electron Images.

X-ray imaging: Willmott, P., 2019. An introduction to synchrotron radiation: techniques and
applications. John Wiley & Sons.
From Chapter 2 "The Interaction of X-rays with Matter", please read sections 2.1 - 2.4
(Introduction --- Compton Scattering), section 2.6 (The Refractive Index, Reflection and
Absorption) and from section 2.7 just read 2.7.1 (X-ray Fluorescence)
From Chapter 7 "Imaging Techniques", please read 7.1 - 7.2 (Introduction --- Computed
Microtomography). Feel free to skip the worked example in 7.2.6 (The Spread of Hominoids). If
interested, you could also read 7.3.1 & 7.3.4 (Introduction & Ptychography).
Neutron imaging: Anderson, I.S., McGreevy, R.L. and Bilheux, H.Z., 2009. Neutron imaging
and applications. Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC, 2209, pp.987-0.
Read Chapter 1 "Introduction to the Neutron" and Chapter 5 "Neutron Radiography."
Browse the topics covered in Section C of the book to get a feel for the very specific strengths of
neutron imaging. You could alternatively browse through: Kardjilov, N., Manke, I., Woracek, R.,
Hilger, A. and Banhart, J., 2018. Advances in neutron imaging. Materials Today, 21(6), pp.652-
672.

Videos (optional)

Electron imaging:

Electron microscopy lecture | Scanning electron microscopy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdNhREmkrmE
Electron microscopy lecture | Transmission electron microscopy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3JY4LgyX6Q&t=182s

X-ray medical imaging:

Introduction to Radiology: Conventional Radiography

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tW2SjlMGj0Q&t=23s
Introduction to Radiology: Computed tomography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdYUniRMtz4&t=465s

X-ray micro computed-tomography:

What is X-ray Microscopy?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQAKJsObMfg
introduction to X-ray computed tomography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liVAgLJmq8g&t=344s
Neutron imaging:

Neutron Radiography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cg1bsULDr6Q

Intro to Neutron Radiography (watch 1m-22m)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugVjvsBapno

Neutron imaging examples:

Neutron movie of coffee making

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VESMU7JfVHU
Neutron Radiography Gallery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONgHXWVJkoU