Describe the joint movements (hip, knee, ankle) that occur in the lower limb towards the

end of swing phase. Include the major muscles involved in these movements, as well as
their actions and roles.

At the end of swing phase, as the lower limb approaches heel strike the knee is in
extension. Extension of the knee is caused by the concentric action of the quadriceps
femoris. The hip is being flexed due to the concentric action of the ilio psoas muscle,
bringing the entire lower limb forward at the end of the swing phase. The ankle is
dorsiflexed through the concentric agonistic the tibialis anterior, which then acts as the
eccentric antagonist when heel strike occurs to control the lowering of the rest of the foot
onto the ground. The foot must be dorsiflexed during the swing phase to ensure that it
doesn’t ‘drag’ along the ground as the lower limb swings through.