Mcqrealtime

1. What type of software is embedded in system hardware?
A. Real-time software
B. Application software
C. System software
D. Utility software
2. In real-time systems, software must react to events generated by the hardware and issue control
signals in response to these events. Where is this software often embedded?
A. Read-only memory
B. Random-access memory
C. Hard disk drive
D. Solid-state drive
3. Which type of systems require software that responds in real time to events from the system's
environment?
A. Manufacturing plants
B. Office computers
C. Personal laptops
D. Smartphones
4. What is the main purpose of embedded software in computers?
A. Control systems
B. Data storage
C. Internet browsing
D. Graphic design
5. What is the key characteristic of the software used in controlling a wide range of systems in real time?
A. Reacting to events from hardware
B. Running multiple applications simultaneously
C. Storing large amounts of data

D. Providing user interfaces
6. Where is the software embedded in real-time systems often stored?
A. Read-only memory
B. Flash memory
C. Cloud storage
D. External hard drive
7. Which term best describes the software that is embedded in system hardware and responds to events
in real time?
A. Embedded software
B. Cloud software
C. Open-source software
D. Freeware
8. What distinguishes embedded software from other types of software?
A. Being embedded in system hardware
B. Being accessible over the internet
C. Being customizable by users
D. Being compatible with various operating systems
9. What is a common characteristic of the software used in controlling entire manufacturing plants?
A. Real-time response to events
B. Offline data processing
C. Delayed software updates
D. Manual control by operators
10. Which type of memory is often used to store embedded software in real-time systems?
A. Read-only memory
B. Virtual memory
C. Cache memory
D. Secondary memory
11. What is a critical difference between embedded systems and other software systems according to
the content?
A. Embedded systems are slower than other systems
B. Embedded systems do not require real-time responsiveness
C. Embedded systems rely on system inputs for correctness
D. Embedded systems require real-time responsiveness
12. How is correctness defined in non-real-time systems?
A. By the time taken to generate a response
B. By the response to an input and time taken to generate that response
C. By the system inputs mapping to corresponding outputs
D. By the effectiveness of the required response
13. In a real-time system, what does correctness depend on?
A. Only on the response to an input
B. Only on the time taken to generate a response
C. Both on the response to an input and the time taken to generate that response
D. Neither on the response nor the time taken to generate a response
14. Why may the required response be ineffective in a real-time system if the system takes too long to
respond?
A. Because the system will shut down
B. Because the response will be incorrect
C. Because the response may not be generated in time
D. Because the system will become unresponsive
16. What is a real-time system in software engineering?
A. A system that operates without time constraints
B. A system where correct functioning depends on produced results and timing

C. A system that only works during specific hours of the day
D. A system that adapts to changing requirements in real-time
17. How is a soft real-time system defined?
A. A system that operates at high speed
B. A system that degrades if timing requirements are not met
C. A system that never misses a deadline
D. A system that can be easily modified
18. What characterizes a hard real-time system?
A. A system that can adjust its timing requirements
B. A system that operates at a slow pace
C. A system that fails if timing requirements are not met
D. A system that has no specific time constraints
19. In real-time systems, what happens if results are not produced according to timing requirements in a
soft real-time system?
A. The system shuts down completely
B. The system continues to function normally
C. The system degrades in operation
D. The system speeds up
20. What is the significance of timing in a hard real-time system?
A. Timing has no impact on system operation
B. Timing affects system performance but not correctness
C. System operation is incorrect if timing requirements are not met
D. Timing is only relevant during system startup
21. Which type of real-time system is comparable to a heart beat monitor in terms of timing
requirements?
A. Soft real-time system

B. Hard real-time system
C. Real-time system with adaptive timing
D. Real-time system with variable deadlines
22. What is the key factor that distinguishes a soft real-time system from a hard real-time system?
A. The system's response time
B. The system's adaptability to changing requirements
C. The system's tolerance for missed deadlines
D. The system's correctness under timing constraints
23. How does a real-time system differ from a non-real-time system?
A. Real-time systems have no time constraints
B. Real-time systems do not depend on timing for correct operation
C. Real-time systems require results within specific time limits
D. Real-time systems can operate indefinitely without producing results
24. What is the primary concern in real-time software engineering?
A. Optimizing system performance
B. Ensuring correct system operation within timing constraints
C. Minimizing software development costs
D. Maximizing software flexibility
25. Why is timing crucial in real-time systems?
A. To increase system complexity
B. To meet aesthetic design requirements
C. To ensure correct system behavior and performance
D. To allow for frequent system updates

26. What is a key characteristic of hard real-time systems?
A. Loose timing constraints
B. Deterministic behavior
C. Unpredictable response time
D. Flexible deadlines
27. What are the potential consequences of failing to meet a deadline in hard real-time systems?
A. Financial loss
B. Human injury or equipment damage
C. System upgrade
D. Improved performance
28. Which term best describes the behavior required in hard real-time systems?
A. Randomized
B. Predictable
C. Adaptive
D. Inconsistent
29. Which of the following is NOT an example of a hard real-time system?
A. Medical equipment
B. Military defense systems
C. Social media platforms
D. Industrial control systems
30. What type of response time is typically guaranteed for critical tasks in hard real-time systems?
A. Variable
B. Delayed
C. Predictable
D. Unlimited
32. What type of response time is typically guaranteed for critical tasks in hard real-time systems?
A. Variable
B. Delayed
C. Predictable
D. Unlimited
35. What is the main purpose of hard real-time systems?
A. To introduce randomness
B. To ensure system flexibility
C. To meet strict timing constraints
D. To encourage unpredictable behavior
36. Which sector is NOT commonly associated with the use of hard real-time systems?
A. Healthcare
B. Finance
C. Defense
D. Manufacturing
37. What is a critical aspect of hard real-time systems in terms of task completion?
A. Flexible deadlines
B. Deterministic behavior
C. Unpredictable response time
D. Varied task priorities
38. What type of system is a real-time system?
A. System that operates at high speed
B. System that degrades if timing requirements are not met

C. System that requires constant updates
D. System that operates without any time constraints
39. Which of the following is an example of a soft real-time system?
A. Word processing software
B. Multimedia transmission and reception
C. Calculator app
D. Photo editing software
41. What happens to a soft real-time system if results are not produced according to specified timing
requirements?
A. It shuts down completely
B. It continues to operate normally
C. It degrades in performance
D. It speeds up operations
42. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of a soft real-time system in the content?
A. Computer games
B. Communication system like voice over IP
C. Word processing software
D. Multimedia transmission and reception
44. What is the main characteristic of a soft real-time system?
A. It never requires updates
B. It adapts to any timing requirements
C. It degrades if timing requirements are not met
D. It operates at a fixed speed
45. Which type of system is sensitive to meeting specific timing requirements?
A. Hard real-time system
B. Soft real-time system

C. General-purpose system
D. Batch processing system
46. What kind of applications benefit from being soft real-time systems?
A. Applications that do not require timing
B. Applications with flexible timing requirements
C. Applications with no performance constraints
D. Applications with strict timing requirements
47. What distinguishes a soft real-time system from a general-purpose system?
A. It has no specific timing requirements
B. It degrades if timing requirements are not met
C. It operates offline
D. It does not require any updates
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. C
14. C
15. A
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. C
21. B
22. D
23. C
24. B
25. C
26. B
27. B
28. B
29. C
30. C
31. C
32. C
33. C
34. B
35. C
36. B
37. B
38. B
39. B
40. C
41. C
42. C
43. C
44. C
45. A
46. B
47. B
1. What is a key characteristic of embedded systems?
A. They run continuously and do not terminate
B. They have unlimited memory capacity
C. They require constant manual intervention
D. They are only used for non-critical applications
2. Why may there be physical limitations affecting the design of embedded systems?
A. To enhance system performance
B. To reduce system cost
C. To simplify system maintenance
D. To comply with regulatory requirements
3. In embedded systems, when might direct hardware interaction be necessary?
A. To optimize system efficiency
B. To increase software complexity
C. To minimize system reliability
D. To improve system scalability

4. What type of issues may dominate the system design of embedded systems?
A. Safety and reliability
B. Aesthetics and design
C. Cost-effectiveness only
D. User interface design
7. What is the main focus of the book 'SOMMERVILLE' based on the content?
A. Software Engineering
B. Hardware Development
C. Network Security
D. Data Analysis
8. Why do embedded systems require consideration of safety and reliability?
A. Due to critical system functions
B. To prioritize system speed
C. To simplify system architecture
D. To reduce system complexity
9. What distinguishes embedded systems from general-purpose computing systems?
A. Direct hardware interaction
B. Unlimited memory capacity
C. Continuous termination
D. Manual intervention
10. What role does system design play in addressing physical limitations in embedded systems?
A. Adapting to constraints
B. Ignoring limitations
C. Overcoming limitations
D. Exceeding limitations
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
1. What is a key consideration in the design process for embedded systems?
A. System hardware design and performance
B. Software compatibility
C. User interface design
D. Network connectivity
2. In embedded system design, what may be involved in deciding which capabilities are implemented in
software?
A. System capabilities
B. Hardware capabilities
C. User preferences
D. Market trends
3. When should low-level decisions on hardware, support software, and system timing be considered?
A. Early in the process
B. Midway through the process
C. Towards the end of the process
D. After the software is developed

4. What additional software functionality may need to be included in an embedded system due to
certain hardware decisions?
A. Battery and power management
B. Graphics processing
C. Database management
D. Security encryption
5. Which aspect of embedded system design is discussed in Chapter 21 of the content?
A. Real-time Software Engineering
B. User Experience Design
C. Quality Assurance Testing
D. Agile Development Practices
6. What type of process is the design process for embedded systems considered to be?
A. Systems engineering process
B. Marketing process
C. Financial process
D. Human resources process
8. Which component may require early consideration in the embedded system design process?
A. System timing
B. User interface design
C. Software documentation
D. Market analysis
9. What is a critical factor to consider when deciding between implementing capabilities in software or
hardware?
A. System requirements
B. Budget constraints
C. Team preferences
D. Competitor analysis
10. What is emphasized as part of the design process for embedded systems?
A. Hardware design and performance
B. Marketing strategies
C. Legal compliance
D. Customer support
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
1. What is an important consideration in the design process for embedded systems?
A. System hardware design and performance
B. Software testing techniques
C. Network security protocols
D. Database management systems
2. In embedded system design, what may be part of the process involving software and hardware
decisions?
A. Deciding system capabilities
B. Choosing programming languages
C. Creating user interfaces

D. Implementing cloud services
3. When should low-level decisions on hardware, support software, and system timing be considered?
B. Midway through development
C. Towards project completion
D. After software deployment
6. What additional software functionality may need to be included in an embedded system due to
certain hardware decisions?
A. Battery and power management
B. Graphic design tools
C. Social media integration
D. Data analytics algorithms
10. What type of engineering process is the design process for embedded systems?
A. Systems engineering process
B. Civil engineering process
C. Chemical engineering process
D. Electrical engineering process
11. What is a key aspect that must be considered early in the embedded system design process?
A. System timing
B. User interface design
C. Marketing strategies
D. Legal compliance
12. Which aspect of the system design process involves deciding between software and hardware
implementation?
A. System capabilities
B. User preferences
C. Project budget
D. Competitor analysis
13. What may be included in the system to manage battery and power due to certain hardware
decisions?
A. Additional software functionality
B. Hardware upgrades
C. Networking components
D. Security protocols
14. When should decisions on hardware, support software, and system timing be made in the
embedded system design process?
B. At the end of development
C. During user testing
D. After product launch
16. What is a characteristic real-time systems according to the provided?
A. They only respond to periodic stimuli
B. They must produce a reaction within a specified time after receiving a stimulus
C. They are not reactive systems
D. They do not have time constraints
17. When should decisions on hardware, support software, and system timing be made in the
embedded system design process?
B. At the end of development
C. During user testing
D. After product launch
19. Which type of stimuli occur at predictable time intervals?
A. Periodic stimuli
B. Aperiodic stimuli
C. Random stimuli
D. Irregular stimuli
20. What is an example of periodic stimuli mentioned in the content?
A. Polling a temperature sensor 10 times per second
B. System power failure triggering an interrupt
C. Processing a system failure
D. Reacting to unpredictable events
21. In real-time systems, what triggers the need for a reaction or response?
A. Stimulus
B. Delay
C. Error
D. Inactivity
23. What is the main requirement for a system to be considered reactive according to the content?
A. Predictable stimuli
B. Producing a reaction within a specified time after a stimulus
C. Unpredictable stimuli
D. No time constraints
24. What happens when a system power failure occurs in a real-time system?
A. It triggers an interrupt that must be processed by the system
B. It shuts down the system completely
C. It has no impact on the system
D. It delays the system's response time
25. How often may a temperature sensor be polled in a real-time system according to the content?
A. 10 times per second

B. Once a minute
C. Once an hour
D. Once a day
26. What distinguishes periodic stimuli from aperiodic stimuli in real-time systems?
A. Predictable occurrence intervals
B. Unpredictable occurrence intervals
C. Higher priority
D. Lower priority
27. What is the primary function of a real-time system when given a stimulus?
A. Produce a reaction within a specified time
B. Ignore the stimulus
C. Wait for multiple stimuli
D. React randomly
29. What is the response when a clear alarms stimulus is received in the burglar alarm system?
A. Switch off all active alarms; switch off all lights that have been switched on.
B. Initiate alarm; turn on lights around console; call police.
C. Call service technician.
D. Switch to battery backup; run power supply test.
30. What action is taken when the console panic button is pressed in the burglar alarm system?
A. Initiate alarm; turn on lights around console; call police.
B. Switch off all active alarms; switch off all lights that have been switched on.
31. In case of power supply failure, what is the recommended course of action in the burglar alarm
system?
A. Call service technician.

C. Switch off all active alarms; switch off all lights that have been switched on.
32. When a single sensor detects a positive signal, what does the burglar alarm system do?
A. Initiate alarm; turn on lights around site of positive sensor.
33. What happens when two or more sensors detect a positive signal in the burglar alarm system?
A. Initiate alarm; turn on lights around sites of positive sensors; call police with location of suspected
break-in.
34. How does the system respond to a voltage drop of more than 20% in the burglar alarm system?
A. Switch to battery backup; initiate alarm; call police; run power supply test.
D. Initiate alarm; turn on lights around console; call police.
35. What action is taken when a voltage drop of between 10% and 20% is detected in the burglar alarm
system?
A. Switch to battery backup; run power supply test.
D. Switch off all active alarms; switch off all lights that have been switched on.
36. When should the service technician be called in the burglar alarm system?
A. In case of sensor failure.
B. When a clear alarms stimulus is received.
C. When a single sensor detects a positive signal.
D. When two or more sensors detect a positive signal.
37. What is the response to pressing the panic button in the burglar alarm system?
A. Initiate alarm; turn on lights around console; call police.
38. How does the system react to a sensor failure in the burglar alarm system?
A. Call service technician.
C. Switch off all active alarms; switch off all lights that have been switched on.
39. What are the two main types of stimuli in the content?
A. Regular and irregular stimuli
B. Predictable and unpredictable stimuli
C. Periodic and aperiodic stimuli
D. Sensory and act stimuli
40. How do periodic stimuli occur?
A. At irregular intervals
B. At predictable time intervals
C. Based on sensory input
D. Based on actuator output
41. Which mechanism may be used to signal aperiodic stimuli?

A. Interrupt mechanism
B. Sensor mechanism
C. Actuator mechanism
D. Buffer mechanism
42. In the context provided, what does an interrupt signal for aperiodic stimuli typically indicate?
A. Sensor malfunction
B. I/O transfer completion
C. Actuator failure
D. Buffer overflow
43. How are periodic stimuli different from aperiodic stimuli?
A. Periodic stimuli are unpredictable, aperiodic stimuli are predictable
B. Periodic stimuli occur irregularly, aperiodic stimuli occur predictably
C. Periodic stimuli occur at predictable time intervals, aperiodic stimuli occur irregularly
D. Periodic stimuli are signalled using sensors, aperiodic stimuli are signalled using actuators
44. What is an example of a periodic stimulus mentioned in the content?
A. Interrupt indicating I/O transfer completion
B. Actuator failure signal
C. Sensor malfunction alert
D. System examining a sensor every 50 milliseconds
47. How are aperiodic stimuli characterized in the content?
A. Predictable and regular
B. Occurring at predictable time intervals
C. Irregular and unpredictable
D. Signalled by sensors
48. What is the purpose of the interrupt mechanism in the context of aperiodic stimuli?
A. To delay the system response
B. To indicate sensor values
C. To signal irregular stimuli
D. To notify I/O transfer completion
49. In real-time systems, why is a simple sequential loop usually not adequate for handling timing
demands of different stimuli?
A. Because it leads to system crashes
B. Because it is too complex to implement
C. Because stimuli are usually not time-sensitive
D. Because timing demands of different stimuli vary
50. What is the role of a real-time executive in a real-time system architecture?
A. Handling non-real-time processes
B. Controlling cooperating processes
C. Managing architectural considerations
D. Designing stimulus handlers
51. Why must the system architecture in real-time systems allow for fast switching between stimulus
handlers?
A. To save energy consumption
B. To reduce system complexity
C. To meet timing demands of different stimuli
D. To increase processing speed
52. What is a key characteristic of how real-time systems are designed in terms of processes?
A. Isolated processes
B. Sequential processes
C. Cooperating processes
D. Independent processes
53. What is the primary reason for designing real-time systems with cooperating processes?
A. To increase system cost
B. To simplify system architecture
C. To meet timing demands of different stimuli
D. To eliminate the need for a real-time executive
54. What aspect of stimuli in real-time systems necessitates the consideration of fast switching between
handlers?
A. Their unpredictability
B. Their uniform timing demands
C. Their lack of importance
D. Their varying timing demands
55. What is the main purpose of a real-time executive in controlling processes in a real-time system?
A. To introduce delays in processing
B. To ensure sequential execution
C. To meet timing constraints
D. To increase system complexity
57. Why are real-time systems often designed as cooperating processes rather than independent ones?
A. To reduce system performance
B. To simplify system testing
C. To handle different stimuli timing demands
D. To increase system latency
58. What is the significance of the timing demands of different stimuli in real-time systems?
A. It determines the system cost
B. It influences the choice of programming language
C. It requires fast switching between handlers

D. It has no impact on system design
60. How does the need for fast switching between stimulus handlers impact the overall system
architecture in real-time systems?
A. It increases system reliability
B. It necessitates a more complex architecture
C. It reduces the need for a real-time executive
D. It simplifies the design process
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. A
18. B
19. A
20. A
21. A
22. A
23. B
24. A
25. A
26. A
27. A
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. A
34. A
35. A
36. A
37. A
38. A
39. C
40. B
41. A
42. B
43. C
44. D
45. D
46. C
47. C
48. D
49. D
50. B
51. C
52. C
53. C
54. D
55. C
56. C
57. C
58. C
59. C
60. B
1. What are the two main sources of stimuli in a system's environment?
A. Sensors and actuators
B. Interrupts and buffers
C. Software and hardware
D. Memory and CPU
2. Which type of stimuli occur at predictable time intervals?
A. Periodic stimuli
B. Aperiodic stimuli
C. Interrupt stimuli
D. Environmental stimuli
3. How do periodic stimuli manifest in a system?
A. By examining sensors at regular intervals
B. By using interrupt mechanisms
C. By responding to irregular events
D. By relying on software only
4. What characterizes aperiodic stimuli?
A. They occur irregularly and unpredictably
B. They occur at fixed time intervals
C. They are controlled by actuators
D. They are software-generated
6. In real-time software engineering, what type of stimuli may signal that an I/O transfer is complete?
A. Aperiodic stimuli
B. Periodic stimuli
D. Predictable stimuli

8. In real-time software engineering, what type of stimuli may signal that an I/O transfer is complete?
B. Periodic stimuli
D. Predictable stimuli
9. When might a system receive an interrupt indicating data availability in a buffer?
A. With aperiodic stimuli
B. With periodic stimuli
C. With environmental stimuli
D. With software stimuli
10. Which mechanism can be used to signal aperiodic stimuli in a computer system?
B. Sensor mechanism
D. Buffer mechanism
B. Sensor mechanism
D. Buffer mechanism
13. What is an example of a periodic stimulus in a system?
A. Examining a sensor every 50 milliseconds
B. Receiving an I/O interrupt
C. Buffer overflow
D. Actuator malfunction
B. Sensor mechanism
D. Buffer mechanism
C. Buffer overflow
18. How do aperiodic stimuli differ from periodic stimuli?
A. They occur irregularly

B. They occur predictably
C. They are software-controlled
D. They are sensor-based
B. Sensor mechanism
D. Buffer mechanism
C. Buffer overflow

B. Sensor mechanism
D. Buffer mechanism
C. Buffer overflow
27. Which type of stimuli may be controlled by the system's interrupt mechanism?
B. Periodic stimuli
C. Environmental stimuli
D. Software stimuli
29. Why is a simple sequential loop not usually adequate for handling timing demands in real-time
systems?
A. Because it cannot respond to different stimuli/responses fast enough
B. Because it requires too much memory
C. Because it is too complex to implement
D. Because it is not compatible with real-time executives
B. Sensor mechanism
D. Buffer mechanism
C. Buffer overflow

34. Which type of stimuli may be controlled by the system's interrupt mechanism?
B. Periodic stimuli
C. Environmental stimuli
D. Software stimuli
systems?
systems?
systems?
38. How are real-time systems usually designed to handle timing demands?
A. As cooperating processes with a real-time executive
B. As independent standalone systems
C. As purely sequential loops

D. As parallel processing systems
40. What is the role of a real-time executive in a system architecture?
A. Controlling the cooperating processes
B. Handling memory allocation
C. Managing user interfaces
D. Optimizing network connections
42. Why must the system architecture allow for fast switching between stimulus handlers in real-time
systems?
A. To respond to timing demands made by different stimuli/responses
B. To conserve energy
C. To reduce processing speed
D. To increase memory usage
43. What is a key consideration for handling timing demands in real-time systems?
A. Fast switching between stimulus handlers
B. Complex sequential loops
C. High memory usage
D. Slow response times
46. What is the role of sensor control processes in a system?
A. Collect information from sensors
B. Generate control signals for the actuators
C. Carry out processing of collected information
D. Buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus
50. What task does the data processor perform in the system?
A. Generate control signals for the actuators
B. Buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus

D. Collect information from sensors
systems?
52. What is a key consideration for handling timing demands in real-time systems?
A. Fast switching between stimulus handlers
B. Complex sequential loops
C. High memory usage
D. Slow response times
53. What is the role of sensor control processes in a system?
A. Collect information from sensors
D. Buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus
54. What task does the data processor perform in the system?
B. Buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus
systems?
59. Which component computes the system response based on collected information?
A. Data processor
B. Sensor control processes
C. Actuator control processes
D. None of the above
66. What is the primary function of actuator control processes in the system?
B. Collect information from sensors
C. Buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus
D. Carry out processing of collected information
74. In real-time software engineering, what is the main responsibility of the data processor?
A. Buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus
75. What is the primary function of actuator control processes in the system?
B. Collect information from sensors
C. Buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus
D. Carry out processing of collected information
77. Which process may involve storing information temporarily before further processing?
A. Sensor control processes
B. Data processor
79. What distinguishes sensor control processes from actuator control processes in a system?
A. Actuator control processes generate control signals for the actuators
B. Sensor control processes buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus
C. Sensor control processes collect information from sensors
D. Actuator control processes carry out processing of collected information
80. Which element is responsible for generating signals to control the actuators?
A. Data processor
B. Sensor control processes
83. What is the key function of the data processor in the system?
85. Which component is involved in processing information collected from sensors?
A. Actuator control processes
B. Data processor
C. Sensor control processes

88. Which activity involves selecting the appropriate technology stack for a project?
A. Platform selection
B. Stimuli/response identification
C. Timing analysis
D. Process design
89. Which activity involves selecting the appropriate technology stack for a project?
A. Platform selection
C. Timing analysis
D. Process design
90. What does algorithm design primarily focus on in software development?
A. Data design
B. Process scheduling
C. Algorithm design
D. Process design
99. Which aspect of the design process involves structuring and organizing data storage within a
system?
A. Data design
B. Process design
C. Algorithm design
D. Process scheduling
101. What is a key step in the process of designing software to ensure efficient task execution?
A. Process scheduling
B. Platform selection
C. Stimuli/response identification
D. Timing analysis
102. In the context of software engineering, what does the term 'stimuli/response identification' refer
to?
A. Process design
C. Algorithm design
D. Data design
103. What is a key step in the process of designing software to ensure efficient task execution?
D. Timing analysis
105. Which activity involves determining the sequence and timing of operations in a software system?
A. Timing analysis
B. Data design
C. Process scheduling
D. Platform selection
108. Which design process activity involves outlining the overall structure and flow of a software
system?
A. Process design
B. Algorithm design
C. Data design
D. Process scheduling
112. When developing software, what is essential for ensuring efficient utilization of system resources?
D. Algorithm design
114. In a real-time system, why is it important for processes to be coordinated?
A. To prevent conflicts when modifying shared resources
B. To increase system speed
C. To allow each process to work independently
D. To reduce memory usage
115. What should other processes avoid doing when one process is modifying a shared resource?
A. Changing that resource
B. Pausing their execution
C. Skipping their next task
D. Restarting the system
117. When designing information exchange between processes in a real-time system, what factor should
be considered regarding process speeds?
A. Processes may be running at different speeds
B. Processes always run at the same speed
C. Process speed does not matter
D. Processes can only run at the system speed
120. What is a key consideration when multiple processes share information in a real-time system?
A. Coordinating the processes

B. Increasing individual process speed
C. Reducing memory usage
D. Running processes at different times
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. A
15. A
16. A
17. A
18. A
19. A
20. A
21. A
22. A
23. A
24. A
25. A
26. A
27. A
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. A
34. A
35. A
36. A
37. A
38. A
39. A
40. A
41. A
42. A
43. A
44. A
45. A
46. A
47. A
48. A
49. A
50. C
51. A
52. A
53. A
54. C
55. A
56. A
57. A
58. C
59. A
60. A
61. A
62. A
63. C
64. A
65. A
66. A
67. A
68. A
69. A
70. C
71. A
72. A
73. A
74. C
75. A
76. C
77. D
78. D
79. C
80. C
81. C
82. C
83. C
84. C
85. B
86. C
87. B
88. A
89. A
90. C
91. C
92. B
93. A
94. C
95. A
96. C
97. C
98. C
99. A
100. A
101. A
102. B
103. A
104. B
105. A
106. D
107. D
108. A
109. A
110. D
111. D
112. D
113. D
114. A
115. A
116. A
117. A
118. A
119. A
120. A
1. What is often used to describe embedded real-time systems?

A. UML state diagrams
B. Flowcharts
C. Entity-relationship diagrams
D. Sequence diagrams
2. In a real-time system, what may trigger a transition from one state to another?
A. A stimulus
B. A delay
C. An error
D. A warning
3. Which type of diagrams may show the states and state transitions in a real-time system?
A. UML state diagrams
B. Class diagrams
C. Use case diagrams
D. Activity diagrams
4. What aspect of real-time systems are state models often used to describe?
A. Transitions between states
B. User interfaces
C. Database structures
D. Algorithms
5. What is the main purpose of using UML state diagrams in real-time systems?
A. To show states and transitions
B. To display code snippets
C. To create user interfaces
D. To design databases
6. According to the content, what may cause a change in state in a real-time system?
A. A stimulus
B. A static condition
C. A random event
D. A scheduled task
8. What is the effect of a stimulus in a real-time system, as mentioned in the content?
A. Trigger a transition
B. Pause the system
C. Stop the clock
D. Display an error message
9. What type of systems are state models often used to describe?
A. Embedded real-time systems
B. Desktop applications
C. Web servers
D. Mobile games
10. When using UML state diagrams, what do they primarily represent in a real-time system?
A. States and transitions
B. Data structures
C. Control flow
D. User interactions
11. Which architectural pattern is used when a set of sensors are routinely monitored and displayed?
A. Observe and React
B. Environmental Control
C. Process Pipeline
D. Data Transformation
12. In which pattern does a system include sensors providing information about the environment and
actuators that can change the environment?
C. Process Pipeline
13. When is the Process Pipeline pattern used?
A. When sensors are monitored and displayed
B. When data needs to be transformed before processing
C. When actuators change the environment
D. When environmental information is provided
14. When is the Process Pipeline pattern used?
B. When data needs to be transformed before processing
C. When actuators change the environment
D. When environmental information is provided
15. Which pattern involves transforming data from one representation to another before processing?
C. Process Pipeline
16. Which architectural pattern involves monitoring sensors and displaying the data?
A. Environmental Control
B. Process Pipeline
C. Data Transformation
D. Observe and React
17. In which scenario would the Environmental Control pattern be most suitable?
A. When data transformation is needed
B. When sensors need monitoring and display
C. When environment information is provided
D. When actuators can change the environment
18. When would the Data Transformation pattern be applied?
B. When environmental information is provided
C. When data needs to be transformed before processing
D. When actuators change the environment
19. Which pattern involves changing the environment based on sensor information?
A. Data Transformation
B. Process Pipeline
C. Observe and React
D. Environmental Control
20. In which pattern is the transformation of data a key aspect?
C. Process Pipeline
21. When is the Observe and React pattern typically utilized?
A. When data transformation is required
B. When environmental information is provided
C. When sensors are monitored and displayed
D. When actuators change the environment
22. What is defined as the times by which stimuli must be processed and some response produced by
the system?
A. Deadlines
B. Frequency
C. Execution time
D. Software engineering
23. What is defined as the times by which stimuli must be processed and some response produced by
the system?
A. Deadlines
B. Frequency
C. Execution time
24. In the context of timing analysis, what does frequency refer to?
A. The number of times per second a process must execute to meet deadlines
B. The time required to process a stimulus
C. The number of deadlines to be met
D. The number of software engineering concepts
25. Which factor in timing analysis is related to the time required to process a stimulus and produce a
response?
A. Execution time
B. Deadlines
C. Frequency
26. What aspect of timing analysis is associated with the number of times per second a process must
execute to ensure meeting deadlines?
A. Frequency
B. Deadlines
C. Execution time
27. According to the content, what is the number of times per second that a process must execute to
ensure meeting deadlines?
A. Frequency
B. Deadlines
C. Execution time
28. Which term in timing analysis refers to the time required to process a stimulus and generate a
response?
A. Execution time
B. Deadlines
C. Frequency
29. In timing analysis, what does execution time represent?
A. The time required to process a stimulus and produce a response
B. The number of deadlines to be met
C. The number of times per second a process must execute to meet deadlines
30. What is the factor in timing analysis that signifies the number of times per second a process must
execute to ensure meeting deadlines?
A. Frequency
B. Deadlines
C. Execution time
31. Which term in timing analysis is associated with the times by which stimuli must be processed and
some response produced by the system?
A. Deadlines
B. Frequency
C. Execution time
32. What does the term 'frequency' represent in the context of timing analysis?
A. The number of times per second a process must execute to meet deadlines
B. The time required to process a stimulus
C. The number of deadlines to be met
33. What is the required response to a power failure detection in the system?
A. Ignore the issue and continue normal operation
B. Switch the circuit to backup power
C. Increase the power consumption
D. Shut down the system immediately
34. How is an intruder alarm stimulus handled by the system?
A. Ignore the alarm and continue normal operation
B. Compute the room number of the active sensor and call the police
C. Activate the voice synthesizer for music playback
D. Turn off all lights in the building
35. How is a power failure detected in the system?
A. By observing a voltage increase of more than 20%
B. By monitoring the temperature rise in the circuit
C. By observing a voltage drop of more than 20%
D. By analyzing the network traffic
36. What is the purpose of signalling an electronic power-switching device during a power failure?
A. To increase the power consumption
B. To switch off all electronic devices

C. To switch the mains power to battery backup
D. To shut down the system immediately
37. What actions are taken in response to an intruder alarm stimulus?
A. Ignore the alarm and continue normal operation
B. Compute the room number of the active sensor and call the police
C. Activate the voice synthesizer for music playback
D. Turn off all lights in the building
38. When is the intruder alarm stimulus generated in the system?
A. During a power failure
B. By one of the system sensors
C. When the temperature exceeds a certain limit
D. Randomly throughout the day
39. What is the role of the voice synthesizer in handling an intruder alarm?
A. To play soothing music
B. To manage the call to the police
C. To increase the volume of the alarm
D. To turn off all electronic devices
40. How are building lights affected by an intruder alarm stimulus?
A. They are turned off completely
B. They start flickering
C. They are dimmed slightly
D. They are switched on in the area
41. What is the significance of observing a voltage drop of more than 20% in the system?
A. It indicates a power surge
B. It triggers a backup power switch

C. It causes the system to shut down
D. It leads to an increase in power consumption
42. What is the primary purpose of the electronic power-switching device during a power failure?
A. To increase the power consumption
B. To switch off all electronic devices
C. To switch the mains power to battery backup
D. To shut down the system immediately
43. What is the primary responsibility of real-time operating systems?
A. Process management and resource allocation
B. File management
C. Network security
D. User interface design
44. Real-time operating systems are specialised in managing processes in the RTS and allocating
resources such as:
A. Processor and memory
B. Storage and network
C. Graphics and sound
D. Input and output devices
45. What distinguishes real-time operating systems from other types in terms of facilities?
A. They do not normally include file management facilities
B. They have advanced networking capabilities
C. They focus on user interface enhancements
D. They prioritize data encryption features
46. In real-time operating systems, what may serve as the foundation for a particular application?
A. A standard kernel
B. Custom hardware
C. Cloud computing services
D. Virtual reality technology
47. Which aspect of real-time operating systems is crucial for ensuring timely execution of tasks?
B. Data storage
C. Peripheral device management
D. Software testing
48. What type of operating systems are specifically designed for managing processes in real-time?
A. Real-time operating systems
B. Quantum operating systems
C. Virtual operating systems
D. Hybrid operating systems
49. What is a common feature that real-time operating systems do not typically provide?
A. File management
B. Database administration
C. Security protocols
D. System updates
50. Which component of a computer system is primarily managed by real-time operating systems?
A. Processor
B. Monitor
C. Keyboard
D. Printer
51. Real-time operating systems are known for their emphasis on:
A. Timely task execution
B. Long-term data storage

C. Interactive user interfaces
D. Network bandwidth optimization
52. What is a key function of real-time operating systems related to the allocation of resources?
A. Managing processor and memory resources
B. Handling file storage
C. Optimizing network connections
D. Enhancing graphical performance
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. D
17. D
18. C
19. D
20. D
21. A
22. A
23. A
24. A
25. A
26. A
27. A
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. B
34. B
35. C
36. C
37. B
38. B
39. B
40. D
41. B
42. C
43. A
44. A
45. A
46. A
47. A
48. A
49. A
50. A
51. A
52. A
1. What component of the operating system manages aperiodic requests for service?
A. Real-time clock
B. Interrupt handler
C. Scheduler
D. Resource manager
2. Which operating system component chooses the next process to be run?
A. Real-time clock
C. Scheduler
D. Resource manager
3. Which component of the operating system allocates memory and processor resources?
A. Real-time clock
C. Scheduler
D. Resource manager
4. What does the dispatcher in the operating system do?
A. Provides information for process scheduling
B. Manages aperiodic requests for service
C. Chooses the next process to be run
D. Starts process execution
5. In the context of real-time software engineering, what does the real-time clock provide information
for?
B. Aperiodic requests for service
C. Memory allocation
D. Process execution
7. What is the role of a configuration manager in software engineering?
A. Responsible for detecting faults
B. Responsible for system reconfiguration without stopping
C. Responsible for upgrading software only
D. Responsible for hardware replacement only
8. What is the primary responsibility of a fault manager in a system?
A. Upgrading software components
B. Replacing hardware modules
C. Detecting faults and taking appropriate actions
D. Managing system configurations
9. In the context of real-time software engineering, what does the real-time clock provide information
for?
B. Aperiodic requests for service

C. Memory allocation
D. Process execution
10. What is the role of a configuration manager in software engineering?
A. Responsible for detecting faults
B. Responsible for system reconfiguration without stopping
C. Responsible for upgrading software only
D. Responsible for hardware replacement only
11. What is the primary responsibility of a fault manager in a system?
A. Upgrading software components
B. Replacing hardware modules
C. Detecting faults and taking appropriate actions
D. Managing system configurations
15. In the context of real-time software engineering, what does the fault manager do?
A. Switches to backup disks
B. Replaces faulty hardware
C. Upgrades software dynamically
D. Reconfigures the system without stopping
16. Which component is responsible for dynamic reconfiguration of both software and hardware in a
non-stop system?
A. Fault manager
B. Configuration manager
C. Backup disks
D. Hardware modules
18. What action does the fault manager take upon detecting faults in software and hardware?
A. Replaces hardware modules
B. Upgrades software components

C. Switches to backup disks
D. Reconfigures the system dynamically
19. What distinguishes the role of a configuration manager from a fault manager in a system?
A. Configuration manager focuses on hardware, fault manager on software
B. Configuration manager upgrades software, fault manager replaces hardware
C. Configuration manager reconfigures without stopping, fault manager handles faults
D. Configuration manager switches to backup disks, fault manager detects faults
20. Which component ensures that the system continues in operation by taking appropriate actions in
case of faults?
A. Hardware modules
B. Backup disks
C. Configuration manager
D. Fault manager
case of faults?
A. Hardware modules
B. Backup disks
D. Fault manager
23. What is the key function of a fault manager in a non-stop system?
A. Replacing hardware modules
B. Upgrading software components
C. Detecting faults and ensuring system operation
D. Reconfiguring the system dynamically
24. In the context of system reliability, what is the significance of a fault manager?
A. Ensuring system reconfiguration

B. Detecting faults and maintaining system operation
C. Upgrading hardware modules
D. Replacing backup disks
30. Which component is responsible for ensuring the dynamic reconfiguration of both software and
hardware in a continuous operation system?
A. Backup disks
B. Hardware modules
D. Fault manager
33. Which component is responsible for ensuring the dynamic reconfiguration of both software and
hardware in a continuous operation system?
A. Backup disks
B. Hardware modules
D. Fault manager
case of faults?
A. Hardware modules
B. Backup disks
D. Fault manager
68. What is the highest priority level allocated to processes requiring a very fast response?
A. Interrupt level priority
B. Clock level priority
C. Low priority
D. Medium priority
70. In real-time software engineering, what type of processes are allocated with clock level priority?
A. Periodic processes
B. One-time processes
C. Random processes
D. Emergency processes
72. When processing stimuli, what may sometimes take priority according to the content?
A. Some types of stimuli
B. All types of stimuli
C. No stimuli
D. Only periodic stimuli
73. What further levels of priority may be assigned within interrupt level priority and clock level priority?
A. Additional priority levels
B. No further levels
C. Decreased priority levels
D. Constant priority level
76. What field does the content primarily focus on?
A. Software Engineering
B. Hardware Engineering
C. Civil Engineering
D. Mechanical Engineering
77. What is the purpose of assigning priority levels to processes in software engineering?
A. Ensuring fast response when needed
B. Slowing down processes
C. Randomizing process execution
D. Ignoring process requests
78. Which type of priority is allocated to processes that are periodic in nature?
A. Clock level priority
B. Interrupt level priority
C. Low priority
D. High priority
79. What is the significance of having different levels of priority in process management?
A. Ensuring efficient task execution
B. Creating delays in task completion
C. Randomizing task priorities
D. Ignoring task deadlines
80. What happens when an interrupt occurs in software engineering?
A. Control is transferred automatically to a pre-determined memory location.
B. The system crashes immediately.
C. The program stops executing completely.
D. The computer shuts down.
81. Where does the pre-determined memory location point to during an interrupt?
A. An interrupt service routine.
B. The main program code.
C. A random memory address.
D. The operating system kernel.

82. What is one key requirement for interrupt service routines?
A. They MUST be short, simple, and fast.
B. They MUST be complex and lengthy.
C. They MUST involve multiple memory accesses.
D. They MUST be executed in a specific order.
83. What happens to further interrupts when one is being serviced?
A. They are disabled.
B. They are prioritized.
C. They are executed simultaneously.
D. They are queued for later processing.
84. In real-time software engineering, what is the purpose of an interrupt service routine?
A. To handle interrupts quickly and efficiently.
B. To introduce delays in program execution.
C. To increase the complexity of the program.
D. To bypass the main program logic.
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. A
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. D
21. C
22. D
23. C
24. B
25. C
26. C
27. D
28. C
29. B
30. C
31. C
32. B
33. C
34. C
35. D
36. C
37. B
38. C
39. C
40. D
41. C
42. B
43. C
44. C
45. B
46. C
47. C
48. D
49. C
50. B
51. C
52. C
53. B
54. C
55. C
56. B
57. C
58. C
59. D
60. C
61. B
62. C
63. C
64. D
65. C
66. B
67. C
68. A
69. A
70. A
71. A
72. A
73. A
74. A
75. A
76. A
77. A
78. A
79. A
80. A
81. A
82. A
83. A
84. A

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1. What type of software is embedded in system hardware?

C. Hard disk drive

4. What is the main purpose of embedded software in computers?

A. Reacting to events from hardware

B. Running multiple applications simultaneously

C. Storing large amounts of data

6. Where is the software embedded in real-time systems often stored?

D. External hard drive

8. What distinguishes embedded software from other types of software?

A. Being embedded in system hardware

B. Being accessible over the internet

C. Being customizable by users

D. Being compatible with various operating systems

A. Real-time response to events

B. Offline data processing

C. Delayed software updates

D. Manual control by operators

A. Embedded systems are slower than other systems

B. Embedded systems do not require real-time responsiveness

C. Embedded systems rely on system inputs for correctness

D. Embedded systems require real-time responsiveness

12. How is correctness defined in non-real-time systems?

A. By the time taken to generate a response

B. By the response to an input and time taken to generate that response

C. By the system inputs mapping to corresponding outputs

D. By the effectiveness of the required response

13. In a real-time system, what does correctness depend on?

A. Only on the response to an input

B. Only on the time taken to generate a response

D. Neither on the response nor the time taken to generate a response

A. Because the system will shut down

B. Because the response will be incorrect

C. Because the response may not be generated in time

D. Because the system will become unresponsive

16. What is a real-time system in software engineering?

A. A system that operates without time constraints

B. A system where correct functioning depends on produced results and timing

D. A system that adapts to changing requirements in real-time

17. How is a soft real-time system defined?

A. A system that operates at high speed

B. A system that degrades if timing requirements are not met

C. A system that never misses a deadline

D. A system that can be easily modified

18. What characterizes a hard real-time system?

A. A system that can adjust its timing requirements

B. A system that operates at a slow pace

C. A system that fails if timing requirements are not met

D. A system that has no specific time constraints

A. The system shuts down completely

B. The system continues to function normally

C. The system degrades in operation

D. The system speeds up

20. What is the significance of timing in a hard real-time system?

A. Timing has no impact on system operation

B. Timing affects system performance but not correctness

C. System operation is incorrect if timing requirements are not met

D. Timing is only relevant during system startup

A. Soft real-time system

C. Real-time system with adaptive timing

D. Real-time system with variable deadlines

A. The system's response time

B. The system's adaptability to changing requirements

C. The system's tolerance for missed deadlines