Styles in styles in related literature citations or 2.

paraphrase
references
3. short direct quotation – not exceeding 40 words

3 terms to appreciate/ recognize people’s ownership of

ideas

1. acknowledgment

2. references or bibliography

3. citation or in-text citation 4. long direct quotation/ Block quotation/ extract

- 40-100 words

Purpose of citation

1. give importance and respect

2. authority, validity, and credibility

3. prove broad and extensive knowledge

4. help readers find or contact the sources

5. accuracy check

6. save yourself from plagiarism

2 basic methods of referencing

Styles of citation

1. integral citation

- referring to the author whose ideas appear in your

study.
5. tense of verbs for reporting
- use verbs like claim, assert, state

- expresses the author’s mental position, attitude ,

stand, opinion Plagiarism – act of copying another persons work/ideas
without proper acknowledgment.

2. Non-integral citation

- the stress is given to the piece of information rathe

than to the owner of the ideas.

Patterns of Citation

1. summary