EXPERIMENT NO.

Basic Configurations of Operational-Amplifier-I

Date: _________ PS No.:__ Batch No.________

ID No. ___ Name:

Aim: To study the inverting amplifier, the non-inverting amplifier, the voltage follower,and the summing amplifier using
op-amps.

Equipment & Components: Analog Electronics Trainer kit, DSO & Function Generator (Analog Discovery kit),
Digital multimeter, UA 741 IC, Resistors, Capacitors, Connecting wires.

Theory:

Introduction:

An operational amplifier, abbreviated op-amp, is a versatile electronic component having wide applications in electronic
signal processing, instrumentation, control, etc. Basically, it is a high gain dc differential input amplifier.

The Op-amp Symbol

The symbolic representation of an op-amp is shown in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1 Symbolic representation of an op-amp

The input terminal marked ‘+¿ ’ is called non- inverting input (NII) terminal and the one marked‘−¿’ is called the
inverting input (II) terminal. The output voltage v o will be in phase with the input signal applied at the non-inverting input
terminal, while it will be 180° out of phase when the input is applied to the inverting terminal.± V CC denotes the +¿ ve and
– ve power supplies. A dual power supply of ± 15 volts is quite common in practical op-amps circuits.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-6
Pinout of IC 741 Operational-Amplifier:

Basic Configurations of Operational-Amplifier:

1. Inverting Amplifier :

An inverting amplifier in which the output voltage V O is 1800 out of phase with the input voltage V S is shown in
Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 Inverting Amplifier

V S−¿ V V N −¿V
Applying KCL at the inverting input terminal, we obtain N
¿ = ¿ . But sinceV N =0, we have
O

ZI ZF
ZF R
V O =−〔 〕 V S. When Z F and Z I are pure resistances such that Z F =RF and Z I = R I , V O =−〔 F 〕 V S .
ZI RI
The output voltage ( v o) of Inverting amplifier will be in phase opposition to the input voltage ( v s).

2. Non-invertingAmplifier :

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-7
A non–inverting amplifier in which the output voltage V O is in phase with the input voltage V S is shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 Non–inverting amplifier

RI
By potential-divider action, we can write V N =〔 〕 v O. Also, V P=V S as no current flows in R S. Using
RI + RF
VO RF
V N =V P , we can express =〔 1+ 〕.
VS RI

3. Voltage Follower:
A special case of non-inverting amplifier is the voltage follower circuit. By taking R I → ∞ and R F →0 , the non-inverting
amplifier circuit results in to a voltage follower as shown in Figure 2.4. The output voltage equals input voltage i.e. V o =
V S , The circuit has a unity gain. It finds extensive use as a buffer for impedance matching purposes.

Figure 2.4 Voltage follower

4. A Summing Amplifier :

The basic inverting amplifier can be converted into a summing amplifier with negative gain as shown in figure 2.5. The
summing amplifier is particularly useful in linearly combining or adding together groups of voltages. Each voltage may be
amplified by an independently chosen gain.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-8
 Figure 2.5 Adder circuit

Since V N is at zero potential, the KCL gives

V1 V V V V RF R
〔 〕 + 〔 2 〕 + 〔 3 〕 +. . . . . + 〔 n 〕 = −〔 O 〕 or V O = −¿ [ 〔 〕 V 1+ 〔 F 〕 V 2+. . . . +
R1 R2 R3 Rn RF R1 R2
R
〔 F 〕Vn¿
Rn

By choosing R F=R 1=R2=R3 =¿. . . = Rn = R, we have

V O =−¿. . . + V n)

Observations:
Use op-amp(UA 741 IC), dc power supply voltages of ± 15V .

Run1: Inverting amplifier :

1.1 Design

Design an inverting amplifier (Ref. Figure 2.2) for the gain ( AV ) of 16. Assume R I = 1KΩ. Assemble the circuit. Feed
sinusoidal input of amplitude, V S ( p− p)=¿ 200 mV and frequency 1 kHz.

The value of R F = __16 kΩ____.

Observe the input and output voltages on a DSO.

Practical value of V o =_____3.06 V______.

VO
Practical Gain ( AV = ) of the amplifier = _____15.3 or 23.69 dB________
VS

Phase difference (ϕ ¿ between the input and output voltages = ____180_degrees______

1.2 Frequency Response

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-9
Feed sinusoidal input of amplitude V s ( p− p)= 200 mV. Sweep the input frequency from 1 Hz to 1 MHz and obtain the
magnitude response of the amplifier.
Frequency response

Practical:3 dB Bandwidth (BW) = f H −f L = ______42.682 KHZ______,

Practical: Gain- Bandwidth product (GBW) = ______1011.29 KHZ______.

Run2: Non-inverting amplifier :

2.1Design

Design anon- inverting amplifier (Ref. Figure 2.3) for the gain ( AV ) of 16. Assume R I = 1 KΩ and R S = 470 Ω.
Assemble the circuit.Feed sinusoidal input of amplitude,V S ( p− p)=¿ 200 mV and frequency 1 kHz.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-10
The value of R F= __15 kΩ____.
Observe the input and output voltages on a DSO.
Practical value of V o =_____3.2 V______.

VO
Practical: Gain ( AV = ) of the amplifier = ______16.15_______
VS
Practical: Phase difference (ϕ ¿ between the input and output voltages = ____0 Degrees_______
2.2 Frequency Response

Feed sinusoidal input of amplitude V s ( p− p)= 200 mV. Sweep the input frequency from 1 Hz to 1 MHz and obtain the
magnitude response of the amplifier.
Frequency response

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-11
Practical: 3 dB Bandwidth (BW) = f H −f L = _____48.873kHz_____ and Gain- Bandwidth product (GBW) =
______1.1809 MHz_______.

Run3: Voltage follower:

3.1 Gain of the amplifier
Assume R S = 470 Ω. Assemble the voltage follower circuit(Ref. Figure 2.4). Feed sinusoidal input of amplitude,
V S ( p− p)=¿ 200 mV and frequency 1 kHz. Observe the input and output voltages on a DSO.
Practical value of V o =_____199.4 mV______.

VO
Practical: Gain ( AV = ) of the amplifier = _0.997_____and Phase difference (ϕ ¿ between the input and output =
VS
___0_Degress__.

3.2Frequency Response

Feed sinusoidal input of amplitude V s ( p− p)= 200 mV. Sweep the input frequency from 1 Hz to 5MHz and obtain the
magnitude response of the amplifier.
Frequency response

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-12
Practical: 3 dB Bandwidth (BW) = f H −f L = ____49kHz and Gain- Bandwidth product (GBW) =
_____86.37kHz________.

Run4: Adder (Summing amplifier) :

Assemble an analog Adder circuit (Ref. Figure 2.5) with R F=R 1=¿ 10 KΩ, R2=¿ 4.7 KΩ, and R3=¿ 2.2 KΩ. Feed
sinusoidal input of amplitude200 mV (P− P) and frequency 1 kHz to each input i.e.V 1=V 2 =V 3= 200 mV (P− P).

AV 1= AV 2= AV 3=
Practical Theoretical
S.No V 1(mV) V 2(mV) V 3(mV) −RF −RF −RF
( ¿ ( ) ( ) V O(V) V O (V)
R1 R2 R3
1.536
1 200 200 200 -1 V/V -2.12 V/V -4.54 V/V 1.531 Vp-p
V p-p

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-13
Conclusions:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Electronics Lab Manual, EEE Dept., BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus Page-14