大家好

(Da Jia Hao)

Hello everyone!
Let’s experience the fun in learning the
Chinese Language

“LET’S SPEAK
CHINESE!”
Horacio Dela Costa High School
Caloocan City

PREPARED BY: Luzviminda P. Laureniana

( Chinese Language teacher)

FLORA T. TEOPE
PRINCIPAL I

1
 MODULE FOR BEGINNERS

ORAL CHINESE LANGUAGE (PUTONGHUA)

LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION
I. COMPETENCIES:

1. The students should be able to know the meaning of “Putonghua”.

2. The students should be able to learn the 4 tones used in Chinese language and the sounds and
alphabet (Pin Yin).
3. The students should be able to learn the numbers and pronouns.

II. LET’S LEARN!

A. What is Putonghua?

Mainlanders now call the Chinese language “Putonghua”. People in Taiwan call it “Guo Yu”.
“Han Yu” mainly refers to the language while “Putonghua” the official dialect. And “Zhong Wen” is
another term for the language.

B. What is “Pin Yin”?

Pinyin is the product of centuries of transliterating Chinese into romanized spelling. Furthermore,
pinyin is the official system of transliteration recognized by China, Taiwan, Singapore, the United States,
the United Nations and many other multi-national organizations and governments.

Source:https://www.learn-chinese.com/pinyin-lesson-1-introduction-to-pinyin/

VOWEL SOUND
a: Pronounced like the /a/ in English word /father/The mouth is wide open,
the tongue is at its lowest, and the lips are unrounded.

o: Pronounced like the /o/ in English word /fox/The opening of the mouth is
medium, the tongue position is mid-high and slightly to the back, and the
lips are rounded.

e: Pronounced like the /er/ in English word /serve/ in British accent. To

produce this vowel, first pronounce o, and then change the shape of the
mouth from rounded to unrounded; At the same time spread the lips apart,
as if you were smiling.
i: Pronounced like the /ee/ in English word /bee/The opening of the mouth
is narrow, the lips are spread, and the tongue position is high and slightly
to the front. (except after the initials: z c s, zh ch sh r, details later)
u: Pronounced like the /woo/ in English word /wood/The opening of the
mouth is narrow, the lips are fully rounded, and the tongue position is high
and slightly to the back.

ü: Pronounced like the ü in German or FrenchTo produce this vowel, first

pronounce i, and then change the shape of the mouth from unrounded to
rounded

Source: https://www.learn-chinese.com/pinyin-lesson-1-introduction-to-pinyin/
Listening Activity:

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Listen to the sound of the Chinese Pinyin Alphabet. Click the link below.
https://community.travelchinaguide.com/learn-chinese/pinyin.asp

CHINESE PINYIN ALPHABET

Have you ever wondered how to pronounce a Chinese name like Ding Junhui (snooker player). It's
"ding joon-hway", not "ding junn-hoo-ee" or similar, or the Chinese president's: Xi Jinping... It's "sshee jin-
ping", not "zee" or "zeye" "jin-ping".

There are only 413 syllables in common use, which represent thousands of Chinese characters.
See below for an instant reference between the pinyin (left) and intuitive English pronunciation (right) for
each syllable. Over half of pinyin is pronounced as you'd expect, but that leaves about half that isn't...

The pronunciation for pinyin doesn’t usually vary with tone, so tone markers aren't shown here.
There are 4 exceptions, however. When pinyin de, ge, ne and zi have tones 1 to 4 they are pronounced
“der”, “ger”, “ner” and “dzrr” respectively, but when they have a light tone (tone 5) they are pronounced
“duh” “guh”, “nuh” and “dzuh” respectively.

a ah chuan chwan de5 duh

ai eye chai cheye dei day
an an chan chan den dnn
ang ung chang chung deng dnng
ao aoww chao chaoww di dee
ba bah che cher dian dyen
bai buy chen chnn diao dyaoww
ban ban cheng chnng die dyeah
bang bung chi chrr ding ding
bao baoww chong chong diu dyoh
bei bay chou choh dong dong
ben bnn chu choo dou doh
beng bnng chua chwah du doo
bi bee chuai chwhy duan dwan
bian byen chuang chwung dui dway
biao byaoww chui chway dun dwnn
bie byeah chun chwnn duo dwor
bin bin chuo chwor e er
bing bing ci tsrr ei ay
bo bor cong tsong en nn
bu boo cou tsoh er urr
ca tsah cu tsoo fa fah
cuan tswan fan fan
cai tseye
cui tsway fang fung
can tsan
cun tswnn fei fay
cang tsung cuo tswor fen fnn
cao tsaoww da dah feng fnng
dai deye fo for
ce tser
dan dan fou foh
cei tsay dang dung fu foo
cen tsnn dao daoww ga gah
de1-4 der gai geye
cha chah
gan gan

3
geng gnng jun jwnn m mm
gong gong ka kah ma mah
gou go kai keye mai meye
gu goo kan kan man man
gua gwah kang kung mang mung
guai gwhy kao kaoww mao maoww
guan gwan ke ker me muh
guang gwung kei kay mei may
gui gway ken knn men mnn
gun gwnn keng knng meng mnng
guo gwor kong kong mi mee
ha hah kou koh mian myen
hai hi ku koo miao myaoww
han han kua kwah mie myeah
hang hung kuai kwhy min min
hao haoww kuan kwan ming ming
he her kuang kwung miu myoo
hei hay kui kway mo mor
hen hnn kun kwnn mou moh
heng hnng kuo kwor mu moo
hm hmm lv lyoo n nn
hng hng la lah nv nyoo
hong hong lai leye na nah
hou hoh lan lan nai neye
hu hoo lang lung nan nan
hua hwah lao laoww nang nanng
huai hwhy le ler nao naoww
huan hwan lve lyouair ne1-4 ner
huang hwung lei lay ne5 nuh
hui hway leng lnng nve nyouair
hun hwnn li lee nei nay
huo hwor lia lyah nen nnn
ji jee lian lyen neng nung
jia jyah liang lyang ng nng
jian jyen liao lyaoww ni nee
jiang jyang lie lyeah nian nyen
jiao jyaoww lin lin niang nyang
jie jyeah ling ling niao nyaoww
jin jin liu lyoh nie nyeah
jing jing long long nin neen
jiong jyong lou loh ning ning
jiu jyoh lu loo niu nyoh
ju jyoo luan lwan nong nong
juan jwen lun lwnn nou noh
jue jwhere luo lwor nu noo

4
nuan nwan teng tnng yu yoo
nuo nwor ti tee yuan ywhen
o or tian tyen yue yhwere
ou oh tiao tyaoww yun ywnn
pa pah tie tyeah za dzah
pai peye ting ting zai dzeye
pan pan tong tong zan dzan
pang pung tou toh zang dzung
pao paoww tu too zao dzaoww
pei pay tuan twan ze dzer
pen pnn tui tway zei dzay
peng pnng tun twnn zen dznn
pi pee tuo twor zeng dznng
pian pyen wa wah zha jar
piao pyaoww wai why zhai jeye
pie pyeah wan wan zhan jan
pin pin wang wung zhang jung
ping ping wei way zhao jaoww
po por wen wnn zhe jer
pou poh weng wnng zhei jay
pu poo wo wor zhen jnn
qi chee wu woo zheng jnng
qia chyah xi sshee zhi jrr
qian chyan xia sshyah zhong jong
qiang chyang xian sshyen zhou joh
qiao chyaoww xiang sshyang zhu joo
qie chyeah xiao sshyaoww zhua jwah
qin chin xie sshyeah zhuai jwhy
qing ching xin sshin zhuan jwan
qiong chyong xing sshing zhuang jwung
qiu chyoh xiong sshyong zhui jway
qu chyoo xiu sshyoh zhun jwnn
quan chwen xu sshyoo zhuo jwor
que chwhere xuan sshywen zi1–4 dzrr
qun chwnn xue sshyouair zi5 dzuh
ran ran xun sshwnn zong dzong
rang rung ya yah zou dzoh
rao raoww yan yen zuan dzwan
re rer yang yang zui dzway
ren rnn yao yaoww zun dzwnn
reng rnng ye yeah zuo dzwor
ri rrr yi ee zu dzoo
rong rong yin yin
rou roh ying ying
Source:
ru roo yong yong Https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/l
earning-chinese/pinyin-syllables.htm
rua rwah you yoh

5
C. Remember the Tones
When you write pinyin you write the tone marker above the word. This will help you to remember
the tone of the word. Also, when reading pinyin, you know exactly what tone to use because it is indicated
above the word. After reading a lot of pinyin you can start to see the tones in the same way you see the
spelling.

Pinyin
mā
má
mǎ
mà
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/four-tones-of-mandarin-2279480

Source: Source: Duolingo Discussions

https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/pronunciation/File:Ton
e-Contours_Sinosplice.png

First Tone High and level sound, naturally prolonged. A straight horizontal line: ˉ
e.g. mā
Second Tone Rising tone, from low to high, A rising diagonal line:ˊ
just like the pitch in question e.g. má
Third Tone First falling and then going up again A curved “dipping” line: ˇ
e.g. mǎ
Forth Tone Total falling tone which starts out very high A dropping diagonal line:ˋ
and falls short and strong e.g. mà
Neutral Tone Pronounced very light and quick Have no tone mark
e.g. ma
Source: https://www.digmandarin.com/chinese-pronunciation-guide.html

Exercise 1

1. Read the following in correct tones.

All Tones First Second Third Fourth

pa pā pá pǎ pà

pi pī pí pǐ pì

pei pēi péi pěi pèi

pai pāi pái pǎi pài

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2.

III. Post Test:

Read the given Chinese words in correct tones.

1. yī 6. liù
2. èr 7. qī
3.sān 8. bā
4. sì 9. jiǔ
5. wǔ 10.shí

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 LESSON 2: NUMBERS

I. COMPETENCIES:

1. The students should be able to learn the numbers in Chinese Language/Mandarin.

2. The students should be able to put together the numbers to create bigger numbers.

II. LET’S LEARN!

A. 1 TO 10

1 一 yī
2 二 èr
3 三 sān
4 四 sì
5 五 wǔ
6 六 liù
7 七 qī
8 八 bā
9 九 jiǔ
10 十 shí
0 〇 líng

11 shí yī 10+1

12 shí èr 10+2

13 shí sān 10+3

19 shí jiǔ 10+9

shí yī = 11
10 + 1 = 11
Exercise 1:
Translate the given numbers to Mandarin
1. 11 - ______________ 6. 16 - _______________
2. 12 - ______________ 7. 17 - _______________
3. 13 - ______________ 8. 18 - _______________
4. 14 - ______________ 9. 19 - _______________
5. 15 - ______________
B. 20 TO 99

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 20 èr shí 2x10

21 èr shí yī 2x10+1

22 èr shí èr 2x10+2

30 sān shí 3x10

40 sì shí 4x10

90 jiǔ shí 9x10

99 jiǔ shí jiǔ 9x10+9

èr shí = 20 èr shí yī = 21
2 x 10 = 20 (2 x 10) + 1 = 21
Exercise 2:
Translate the given numbers to Mandarin

1. 22 - _______________________
2. 23 - _______________________
3. 25 - _______________________
4. 59 - ______________________
5. 63 - ______________________
6. 29 - _______________________
C. 100 TO 10,000
7. 54 - ______________________
8. 57 - ______________________
9. 58 - ______________________
10. 80 - ______________________
11. 93 - ______________________

100 yī bǎi
101 yī bǎi líng yī
110 yī bǎi yī (shí)
111 yī bǎi yī shí yī
120 yī bǎi èr shí
200 èr bǎi
999 jiǔ bǎi jiǔ shí jiǔ
1,000 yī qiān
1,001 yī qiān líng yī
1,100 yī qiān yī bǎi
10,000 yī wàn

bǎi – hundred yī bǎi = 100 yī qiān = 1,000

1 + hundred = 100 1 + thousand = 1,000
qiān - thousand
wàn – ten thousand yī bǎi líng yī = 101 èr wàn = 20,000
1 + hundred + 0 + 1 = 101 2 x ten thousand = 20,000

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 Exercise 3:
Translate the given numbers to Mandarin.
1. 300 - ____________________
2. 150 - ____________________
3. 760 - ____________________
4. 800 - ____________________
5. 5,000 - __________________
6. 2,500 - ____________________
7. 6,999 - ____________________
8. 30,000 - ___________________
9. 1,550 - ____________________
10. 70,000 - __________________

III. QUIZ

Read the following numbers with correct tones and tell their English translation.

1. shí bā = ______________ 6. jiǔ shí jiǔ = _________________________

2. sì = __________________ 7. qī wàn = __________________________

3. yī qiān yī bǎi = _________ 8. sì bǎi yī shí sān = ___________________

4. shí jiǔ = ______________ 9. wǔ shí jiǔ = ________________________

5. sān bǎi = _____________ 10. èr bǎi èr shí èr = ___________________

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 LESSON 3: DAYS, DATES AND TIME

I. COMPETENCIES:
1. The students should be able to know the Chinese translation of days, dates and time.
2. The students should be able to read the words with correct tone.
3. The students should be able to apply the lesson learned in their own sentences.

II. LET’S REVIEW

A. Practice the four tones.

B. Recite the Numbers

1 yī
2 èr
3 sān
4 sì
5 wǔ
6 liù
7 qī
8 bā
9 jiǔ
10 shí
0 líng

III. LET’S LEARN

DAYS OF THE WEEK

Monday - xīng qī yī Friday - xīng qī wǔ

Tuesday -xīng qī èr Saturday - xīng qī liù
Wednesday - xīng qī sān Sunday - xīng qī rì,
Thursday - xīng qī sì xīng qī tiān

xīng qī means week.

A week is a literally a “star period”.
Sunday is slightly different, giving us two choices:
xīng qī rì and xīng qī tiān

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There are two other ways to express weeks and days, they are zhōu and lǐ bài. Both of
them have the day number appended in the same way as for xīng qī

For weekend, we say zhōu mò.

TIME

hour - xiǎo shí / zhōng tóu

minute - fēn zhōng when? - shén me shí hou
second - miǎo what time? - jī diǎn?

What time is it? – Xiàn zài jī diǎn le?

morning - zǎo shang /shàng wǔ
noon - zhōng wǔ diǎn – o’clock
afternoon - xià wǔ bàn – half (half of 60 minutes is 30 minutes)
evening - wǎn shang liǎng – two
night - yè lǐ
10:30 - shí diǎn bàn / shí diǎn sān shí fēn
shí diǎn bàn – 10:30 11:00 - shí yī diǎn zhōng
12:15 - shí èr diǎn shí wǔ fēn
10 o’clock half 3:20 - sān diǎn èr shí fēn
5:55 - wǔ diǎn wǔ shí wǔ fēn
shí èr diǎn shí wǔ fēn = 12:15 8:00 in the morning - zǎo shang bā diǎn
2:00 in the afternoon - xià wǔ liǎng diǎn
12 o’clock 15 minutes 9:05 in the evening - wǎn shang jiǔ diǎn wǔ fēn

Exercise 1: SPEAKING ACTIVITY

Exercise 2: Translation
Divide the class into 5 groups, each group
will read the following words with correct Give the Chinese translation of the following words.
tones.

hour - xiǎo shí / zhōng tóu 1. Friday _____________________

minute - fēn zhōng
second - miǎo 2. Monday _____________________
morning - zǎo shang /shàng wǔ
noon - zhōng wǔ 3. weekend _____________________
afternoon - xià wǔ
evening - wǎn shang 4. morning _____________________
night - yè lǐ
when? - shén me shí hou 5. evening _____________________
what time? - jī diǎn?
Monday - xīng qī yī
6. 10:30 _____________________
Tuesday - xīng qī èr
Wednesday - xīng qī sān
7. What time? _____________________
Thursday - xīng qī sì
Friday - xīng qī wǔ
8. 1:00 _____________________
Saturday - xīng qī liù
9. minute _____________________
Sunday - xīng qī rì, xīng qī tiān
10. When _____________________

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 LESSON 4: PRONOUNS
COMPETENCIES:
1. The students should be able to know the Chinese translation of pronouns
2. The students should be able to read the words with correct tone.
3. The students should be able to apply the lesson learned in their own sentences.

4.1. There are just three basic pronouns in spoken Mandarin

I, me - wǒ
You - nǐ
He, Him / She, Her / It - tā

4.2. Plurals

Plurals are formed by adding 'men' at the end of the pronoun:

We, Us - wǒ men
You - nǐ men
They, Them - tā men

When speaking to elders or someone in authority, it is more polite to address them

formally with “nín” instead of the less formal “nǐ”

For example: your - nín de

Written Forms
He, she, and it all have the same sound - tā, but they use different characters for
writing:

he - 他
she - 她
it - 它

In spoken Mandarin, the context of the sentence will usually (but not always!) tell you
whether the speaker is referring to a man, a woman or a thing.

4.3. Reflexive Pronoun

Mandarin also has a reflexive pronoun zì jǐ, used when both subject and object are the
same.

For example:
Tā xǐ huàn tā zì jǐ

He likes himself.

Zì jǐ can also be used directly after a noun or pronoun to intensify the subject.

For example:

Wǒ zì jǐ xǐ huàn. – I, myself, like it.

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4.4. Possessive Pronoun

The Mandarin Chinese particle de is most commonly used as a possessive modifier. It

can be used between two nouns to indicate a relationship of possessor / possession.
e.g. Wǒ de péngyou. - My friend.

Mine – wǒ de
Your/Yours – nǐ de
Your/Yours - nǐ men de
His – tā de
Hers – tā de
Theirs – tāmen de
Our/Ours – wǒmen de

The de particle can be used for any possessive noun or pronoun, such as “Miss Chen’s
pen” (Chén xiǎojie de bǐ), or “American schools” (Měiguó de xuéxiào)

Chén - Chen name Měi guó - American

Xiǎo jie - Miss de – particle de
de - particle de
bǐ - pen xué xiào - school

4.5. Demonstrative pronouns

this – zhè ge/ zhè shì – is, are, was, were

these - zhè xiē
that - nà ge/ nà
those - nà xiē

Example:

This is my pen.

Zhè shì wǒ de bǐ

Exercise 3:

A. Read the following words and give an English translation.

1. wǒ
2. nǐ
3. wǒ de
4. nǐ de
5. tā
6. tā de
7. wǒ men
8. nǐ men
9. wǒ men de
10. tā men de
11. Zhè ge
12. zhè xiē
13. nà ge
14. nà xiē
15. tā me

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B. Write the Chinese words of the following English words. Use correct tone.

1. his ______________________________________

2. mine _____________________________________

3. you ______________________________________

4. we ______________________________________

5. I ________________________________________

6. theirs ____________________________________

7. our ______________________________________

8. that ______________________________________

9. these ____________________________________

10. those ___________________________________

11. is ______________________________________

12.American ________________________________

13. pen ____________________________________

14. school __________________________________

15. Miss ____________________________________

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 LESSON 5: NOUNS
COMPETENCIES:
1. The students should be able to know the Chinese translation of the following nouns.
2. The students should be able to read the words with correct tone.
3. The students should be able to apply the lesson learned in their own sentences.

FAMILY

family jiā tíng/ jiārén

brother xiōng dì nán - boy nǚ - girl
sister jiě mèi
mother mǔ qīn
mom mā
father fù qīn gēgē (e- a) – older brother
dad diē
daughter nǚ ér parents - fù mǔ
son ér zi
cousins biǎo xiōng dì jiě mèi péng (e-a)
uncle shū shu
nephew zhí zi
niece zhí nǚ
husband zhàng fū
wife qī zi
grandpa zǔ fù
grandma zǔ mǔ
grandparents zǔ fù mǔ
friend péng yǒu
boyfriend nán péng yǒu
girlfriend nǚ péng yǒu

SEASONS

spring chūn tiān fall/autumn qiū tiān/qiū jì

during spring zài chūn jì during fall zài qiū jì
last spring qù nián chūn tiān last fall qù nián qiū tiān
next spring xià yī gè chūn tiān next fall/autumn xià yī gè qiū tiān/qiū jì
this spring zhè ge chūn tiān This fall/autumn zhè ge qiū tiān

summer xià tiān winter dōng tiān

during summer zài xià jì during winter zài dōng jì
next summer xià yī gè xià tiān last winter qù nián dōng tiān
this summer zhè ge xià tiān next winter xià yī gè dōng tiān
last summer qù nián xià tiān this winter zhè ge dōng tiān

FOOD

food shí wù
breakfast zǎo cān
lunch wǔ cān
dinner wǎn cān
dessert tián diǎn
main dish zhǔ cài

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 meat ròu ANIMAL
beef niú ròu niú-cow milk niú nǎi cheese nǎi lào
chicken jī ròu jī-chicken egg jī dàn butter niú yóu
pork zhū ròu zhū-pig
fish (cooked) yú (shú) yú-fish

fruit shuǐ guǒ candy táng guǒ jelly guǒ dòng

juice guǒ zhī
jam guǒ jiàng mayonnaise dàn huáng jiàng ketchup fān qié jiàng
peanut huā shēng peanut huā shēng jiàng tomato fān qié
butter (jiàng means
THICK PASTE)
pú táo gān
grape pú táo raisin
(gān means DRY)
pineapple bō luó
lemon níng méng
pear lí
beans dòu ài – love
nut jiān guǒ
banana xiāng jiāo xǐ huān – like
popcorn bào mǐ huā
water shuǐ xiǎng yào - want to
soup tāng
sugar táng
sandwich sān míng zhì
salad shā lā
hotdog rè gǒu I love you
hamburger hàn bǎo bāo
flour miàn fěn Wǒ ài nǐ.
honey fēng mì

Sentence:
I love my family. - Wǒ ài wǒ de jiā tíng/ jiā rén.
I like chicken. – Wǒ xǐ huān jī ròu.
I want hamburger. – Wǒ xiǎng yào hàn bǎo bāo.

Exercise 5.1

Make a sentence using the Chinese words you learned in this lesson. Write the
sentence in PinYin.

1. ___________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________________________

17
 LESSON 6: QUESTION AND ANSWER
COMPETENCIES:

1. The students should be able to know the Chinese translation of the following group of words.
2. The students should be able to read the words with correct tone.
3. The students should be able to ask WH and H questions and give a correct response.

Questions yí wèn one piece - yī zhī

how? rú hé？ (e-a)

miss - xiǎng niàn
because - yīn wèi
what? shén mē？ (e-a)
sad - shāng xīn
who? shì shéi/ shuí？
can - kě yǐ
why? wèi shén me？
sleep - shuì jiào
where? zài nǎ lǐ？

Where is he? Tā zài nǎ er/ zài nǎ lǐ？

He is at school. Tā zài xué xiào.

What is this? Zhè shì shén mē？

This is a pen. Zhè shì yī zhī bǐ.

Why are you sad? Nǐ wèi shén me shāng xīn？

Because I miss my family. Yīn wèi wǒ xiǎng niàn wǒ de jiā rén

How much is this? Zhè gè duō shǎo qián？

It’s 20. èrshí qián

What is your name? Nǐ jiào shén mē míng zì？

My name is Linda. Wǒ jiào lín dá.

Who is she? Tā shì shéi?

She is my baby sister. Tā shì wǒ de xiǎo mèi mei.

Exercise 6.1.

Make a question in Chinese based on the given word. Read the questions and record
your voice. Send as voice mail.
1. shí jiǔ - ________________________________
1. Tā zài nǎ er？
2. xiāng jiāo - _____________________________
2. Zhè shì shén mē？
3. péng yǒu - _____________________________ 3. Nǐ wèi shén me shāng xīn？

4. xué xiào - ______________________________ 4. Nǐ jiào shén mē míng zì？

5. Tā shì shéi?
5. hài pà - _______________________________

hài pà – to be afraid

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 LESSON 7: GREETINGS, ESSENTIAL WORDS AND PHRASES, NEGATION

COMPETENCIES:
1. The students should be able to know the Chinese translation of the following group of
words.
2. The students should be able to read the words with correct tone.
3. The students should be able to make a short conversation with classmates.

hello nǐ hǎo (hǎo - good)

bye zài jiàn (jian - ji en)

congratulations gōng xǐ

I’m sorry Duì bù qǐ

Really zhēn de (REALLY? - Zhēn de ma?)

I'm busy Wǒ hěn máng. (hen /e-a/ - very)

How are you? Nǐ hǎo ma?

I'm fine. Wǒ hěn hǎo

Nice to meet you. jiàn dào nǐ hěn gāo xìng

Good morning. Zǎo shang hǎo

Good afternoon. Xià wǔ hǎo.

And you? Nǐ ne?

Good evening. Wǎn shàng hǎo.

thank you Xièxiè

10 COMMON MEASURE WORDS

1. bāo
Used for: packs, packets or packaged groups of physical objects
E.g. Yī bāo bǐng gān. - One pack of biscuits

2. duì
Used for: things that come/happen to be in pairs or objects that match each other

E.g. shí duì ěr huán. —10 pairs of earrings.

yī duì kě ài de fū fù! — A cute couple!
yī duì shuāng bāo tāi.— a pair of twins.

3. tào
Used for: sets in the collectible sense, including furniture, coins, clothing and figurines
In many situations, duì and tào can be used for the same types of things.

E.g. liǎng tào yǒng zhuāng. — two sets of swimwear

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4. gè
Used for: people, the general measure word for everything countable
Gè is a sort of catch-all when it comes to Chinese measure words. While it definitely isn’t appropriate for
every situation, most Mandarin speakers will understand what you’re trying to say if you use gè in lieu of
a more appropriate measure word.

E.g. sì gè péng yǒu. —my four friends.

5. gēn
Used for: long thin objects like sticks or bananas, mainly food items

E.g. yī gēn xiāng cháng. —a sausage.

6. kŏu
Used for: family members, members of a household or a classroom of peers
This measure word counts family members on a smaller scale, usually under 100.

E.g. yī jiā shí èr kǒu rén. — A family of 12 people.

7. lún
Used for: bouts or rounds of something like drinks, games or debates

E.g. yòu yī lún yǐn liào! — Another round of drinks!

tā yǒu sān lún jiē.— He has had three turns.

8. qún
Used for: groups or crowds, such as groups of people or swarms of insects or herds of sheep

E.g. yǒu yī dà qún mì fēng.— There was a swarm of bees.

9. wèi
Used for: quantifying people politely
Politeness is a big deal when it comes to Chinese business and office language, so wèi would be a more
appropriate quantifier for management and coworkers as opposed to gè.

E.g. wǒ wèi sān wèi jīng lǐ gōng zuò.— I work for three managers.

10. zhī
Used for: counting birds and some animals, one half of a pair of objects, human or animal body parts

E.g. wǒ kàn dào èr shí zhǐ é.— I saw 20 geese.

wǒ yǒu liǎng zhī shǒu.— I have two hands.
Source: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/chinese/2018/10/03/chinese-measure-words/

FEELINGS

Happy kuài lè / yú kuài

Sad bēi shāng / shāng xīn
Excited xìng fèn
Surprised jīng yà
Scared hài pà
Angry fèn nù / shēng qì
Worried yōu lǜ / dān xīn
Nervous jǐn zhāng
Shy hài xiū
Jealous dù jì
Lonely jì mò
Exhausted pí bèi
Source: http://www.learnchineseeveryday.com/2012/05/19/vocabulary-emotions-%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F/

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 CHINESE NEGATION
Grammar Tips:
In Chinese language, negation can be made simply by placing "No", or a negative before the main
verb. There are numbers of negatives in Chinese, but the most common one is bù (NO/NOT). An
example; wo yao (I want), wo bu yao (I don’t want) But as stated above there are numbers of negatives in
Chinese and they can have different uses.

He is not here. Tā bù zài zhè lǐ

That is not my book. Nà bú shì wǒ de shū

Do not enter. bù kě yǐ jìn qù

I don't speak. wǒ bù shuō.

I don't write. wǒ bù xiě

I don't drive wǒ bù kāi chē

I don't like wǒ bù xǐ huān

I don't give wǒ bù gěi

I don't smile wǒ bù xiào

I don't take wǒ bù ná

He doesn't speak. Tā bù shuō

He doesn't write. Tā bù xiě

He doesn't drive. tā bù kāi chē

He doesn't like. Tā bù xǐ huān

He doesn't give. Tā bù gěi

He doesn't smile. Tā bù xiào

he doesn't take Tā bù ná

we don't speak wǒ men bù shuō

We don't write. wǒ men bù xiě

We don't drive. wǒ men bù kāi chē

We don't like. wǒ men bù xǐ huān

We don't give. wǒ men bù gěi

We don't smile. wǒ men bù xiào

We don't take. wǒ men bù ná

I don't want Wǒ bù xiǎng yào

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SOURCES

https://translate.google.com/u/2/?sl=auto&tl=zh-
CN&text=I%20want%20hamburger&op=translate&hl=en

https://www.fluentu.com/blog/chinese/2018/10/03/chinese-measure-words/

https://www.learn-chinese.com/pinyin-lesson-1-introduction-to-pinyin/

Https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/learning-chinese/pinyin-syllables.htm

https://www.thoughtco.com/four-tones-of-mandarin-2279480

https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/pronunciation/File:Tone-Contours_Sinosplice.png

Duolingo Discussions

https://www.digmandarin.com/chinese-pronunciation-guide.html

http://www.learnchineseeveryday.com/2012/05/19/vocabulary-emotions-
%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F/

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