Logical Equiv

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CS 245 / Fall 2015

Propositional Logic
Summary of Logical Identities

Commutativity Implication
α∧β ≡β∧α α → β ≡ ¬α ∨ β
α∨β ≡β∨α
Contrapositive
α↔β ≡β↔α
α → β ≡ ¬β → ¬α
Associativity
Equivalence
α ∧ (β ∧ γ) ≡ (α ∧ β) ∧ γ
α ↔ β ≡ (α → β) ∧ (β → α)
α ∨ (β ∨ γ) ≡ (α ∨ β) ∨ γ

Idempotence
Distributivity
α∨α≡α
α ∨ (β ∧ γ) ≡ (α ∨ β) ∧ (α ∨ γ)
α∧α≡α
α ∧ (β ∨ γ) ≡ (α ∧ β) ∨ (α ∧ γ)

Simplification I (a.k.a Absorbtion)


De Morgan’s Laws
α∧T≡α
¬(α ∧ β) ≡ ¬α ∨ ¬β
α∨T≡T
¬(α ∨ β) ≡ ¬α ∧ ¬β
α∧F≡F
Double Negation α∨F≡α
¬(¬α) ≡ α
Simplification II
Excluded Middle α ∨ (α ∧ β) ≡ α
α ∨ ¬α ≡ T α ∧ (α ∨ β) ≡ α

Contradiction
α ∧ ¬α ≡ F

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