LINEAR WORK AND ENERGY IDEAL GASES

1 STATUTE MILE = 5280 ft 1 BTU = 778 ft-lb PV = mRT

= 1760 yards = 252 cal
BASIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GAS
1 NAUTICAL MILE = 6080 ft = 0.252 kcal
1 LEAGUE = 3 nautical miles = 1.055 kJ R = Cp – Cv
= 18 240 ft 1 KCAL = 4.1868 kJ K = Cp / Cv
1 YARD = 3 ft 1 CAL = 4.1868 J Cp = kR/k-1
= 0.9144 m 1 ERG = 1 Dyne-cm Cv = R/k-1
1 METER = 100 cm = 10-7 Joule
= 1000 mm 1 JOULE = 1 N-m PROCESS
= 3.2808 ft 1 KJ = 1000 Joule P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 = mR
= 1.0936 yard ΔU = mCv (T2-T1)
1 FOOT = 12 inches POWER ΔH = mCp (T2-T1)
1 INCH = 2.54 cm 1 HP = 550 ft-lb/s ΔS = mCp ln (T2-T1)
= 25.4 mm = 33 000 ft-lb/min = mR ln (P2/P1)
1 ROD = 5.5 yards = 2545 BTU/hr
= 16.5 ft PROPERTIES OF WATER
= 42.4167 BTU/min
1 FURLONG = 40 rods = 0.746 kW ρH2O = 62.4 lbm/ft3
= 220 yards = 746 W = 1000 kgm/m3
1 CABLE LENGTH = 720 ft = 1.014 MHP γH2O = 62.4 lbf/ft3
1 FATHOM = 6 ft 1 KW = 3412.9006 BTU/hr = 9.8066 kN/m3
1 SPAN = 9 inches = 1 kJ/s = 1000 kgf/m3
1 VARA = 33.33 inches 1 WATT = 1 J/s g = 9.8066 m/s2
1 MIL = 0.001 inches 1 MHP = 0.736 kW = 32.174 ft/s2
AREA 1 BOILER HP = 33 480 BTU/hr Cp = 4.187 kJ/kg-°K
= 35 322 kJ/hr = 1.0 BTU/lb-°F
1 HECTARE (ha) = 10 000 m2 Latent heat of fusion = 335 kJ/kg
= 11 959.6097 yards2 PRESSURE = 444 BTU
1 ACRE = 4046.856 m3 1 ATM = 101.325 kPa Specific heat of Ice = 2.093 kJ/kg-°C
= 0.4046856 ha = 14.7 psi = 0.5 BTU/lb-°F
1 SQUARE METER = 10.7636 ft2 = 760 mmHg Latent heat of vaporization
= 1.19596 yards2 = 760 torr = 2257 kJ/kg
= 29.93 inHg = 970.3 BTU/lb
VOLUME
= 1.033 kg/cm2 Latent heat of vapor in air
1 QUART = 2 pints = 1.013 bar = 2442 kJ/kg
1 US GALLON = 230.9993 in3 = 760 000 microns = 1050 BTU/lb
= 3.7854 liters = 1 013 247 microbar
= 4 quarts 1 BAR = 100 kPa THERMODYNAMICS
1 BRITISH GALLON = 277.4194 in3 1 PASCAL = 1 N/mm2 ρ = m/V
1 CUBIC METER = 1000 liters 1 KPA = 1 kN/mm2 ν = V/m
= 35.3134 ft3 = 1000 Pa γ = V/m
= 264.1729 US gallons SG = γf / γH20
1 CUBIC FEET = 7.4808 US gallons FLUIDS
= ρf / ρH20
= 28.3179 liters 1 POISE = 1 dyne-sec/cm2 = γg / γair
= 1728 in3 = 0.1 Pa-s = ρg / ρair
1 GANTA = 3 liters 1 STOKE = 1 cm2/s W = Fd = Pad = PV
= 8 chupas = 0.001 m2/s h = U + PV
1 CAVAN = 25 gantas 1 LB-SEC/FT2 = 487.7 Poise s = ΔQ/T
TEMPERATURE 1 FT3/SEC = 929 cm2/s Q = mCΔT
= 0.646 mgd
°C = 5/9 (°F - 32) Δ°C = 5/9 (Δ°F) = 448.8 gpm BASIC FORMULAS
°F = 9/5(°C) + 32 Δ°F = 9/5 (Δ°C) 1 M3/SEC = 1000 li/sec
°K = 273 + °C Δ°C = Δ°K = 35.31 ft3/s Constant Pressure Heating/Cooling
°R = 460 + °F Δ°F = Δ°R Q = mCp (T2 - T1)
°K = 1/1.8 °R PROPERTIES OF AIR
Molecular Weight = 28.97 kga/kgmol Evaporation/Condensation (P=T=c)
ANGLE Q = m(hfg) = m(hf-hg)
K = 1.4
360 DEGREES = 2π R = 53.34 ft-lbf/lbm-°R
= 400 grads = 0.28708 kJ/kgm-K Constant Volume Q = m (U2 - U1)
= 6400 mils Cp = 0.24 BTU/lb-°F
= 1 rev = 1.0062 kJ/kg-°C Constant Entropy Q = m (h2 - h1)
90 DEGREES = 100 grads Cv = 0.1714 BTU/lb-°F
1 DEGREE = 1 min = 0.7186 kJ/kg-°C Constant Enthalpy Q=0
1 min = 60 seconds ρair =1.2 kg/m3 = 0.075 lb/ft3
MASS AND WEIGHT UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT
1 TON = 2000 lbs R = 8.3143 kJ/kgmol-°K
1 LONG TON = 2240 lbs = 1545 ft-lbf/lbmol-°R
1 METRIC TON = 1000 kg = 0.0821 L-atm/atm-°K
= 2204.6225 lbs
1 POUND = 16 ounces COMMON MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
1 KIP = 1000 lbs H=1 S = 32
1 KILOGRAM = 2.2046 lbs He = 2 Air = 28.97
1 KGf = 9.8066 Newtons C = 12
1 NEWTON = 0.1019 kg N = 14
= 0.0462 lbs O = 16
1 SLUG = 32.174 lbm Steam = 18