1.

What conclusions can you make regarding the boiling point of a pure substance and the boiling
point of a mixture? (Part B)
At sea level, water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees Celsius, which is the standard
boiling temperature for most locations (Kaufman, 2022). In the experiment, distilled water, representing
the pure substance, exhibited a boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius. This is lower than the boiling point
of the chloride-water mixture, which reached 102 degrees Celsius.
2. What separation technique is applied in this separation? (Part C)
According to Helmenstine (2020), sublimation is the process of transitioning directly from the
solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. In the experiment, the mixture containing
NaCl, NH4Cl, and sand in the evaporating dish was heated using a Bunsen burner until the mixture
turned a dirty white color. During the experiment, when the ammonium chloride was heated, it
underwent a decomposition reaction, yielding ammonia and gaseous hydrogen chloride as products,
which were observed as white fumes. In addition, based on this observation, this process appeared to be
similar to the sublimation process (Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) - Structure, Properties, Preparation,
Uses, 2022). In summary, the white fumes that appeared during the experiment were NH4Cl, and it
underwent sublimation since NH4Cl is in a solid state and turned into gas when heated.
3. What substance is being extracted from the mixture? (Part C)
In this part of the experiment, 25.00 mL of water was added to the mixture containing sand and
NaCl. According to USGS (2021), salt is highly soluble in water due to electrical charges and the fact that
both water and salt compounds are polar, with positive and negative charges on opposite sides of the
molecule. With this knowledge, the substance extracted from the mixture was NaCl through the process
of pouring the liquid into another evaporating dish without transferring any solid particles or sand that
settled at the bottom of the evaporating dish, a process also known as decanting.
4. Identify the property of each of the component present in the mixture which makes them different
from one another. (Part C)
Sodium chloride, also known as common salt or table salt, is a chemical compound with the
formula NaCl. Its mineral form is called halite. It is highly soluble in water and is the salt most responsible
for the salinity of the ocean and the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms (Sodium Chloride,
2023). On the other hand, Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), the salt of ammonia and hydrogen chloride, is a
colorless crystalline substance. Like NaCl, it is highly soluble in water, readily forming a slightly acidic
solution. Lastly, sand is a mixture of small grains of rock and granular materials, mainly defined by size,
being finer than gravel and coarser than silt, which makes sand insoluble in water and organic solvents
(White, 2023; Siddiquee, 2019). With these properties, what distinguishes them most from one another
is their solubility. Your sentence is grammatically correct. Both NaCl and NH4Cl dissolve in water,
whereas sand does not.
5. Does the experiment illustrate the principle of conservation of matter? Justify your answer.
According to the Law of Conservation of Matter, even when matter changes forms, its overall
quantity remains constant. Although it may sometimes appear as though matter vanishes during a
scientific experiment, this rule reminds people that matter only transforms from one form to another
and cannot emerge or disappear instantaneously (Generation Genius, 2021).
In the experiment, the mixture containing NaCl, NH4Cl, and sand had a total mass of 10.7 grams.
After several extraction methods such as decantation, sublimation, and extraction, the NaCl, NH4Cl, and
sand were separated from one another and had a mass of 3.4 grams, 1.5 grams, and 5.6 grams
respectively, resulting in a total computed mass of 10.5 grams, which is nearly the same as the total mass
of the mixture before the experiment. Moreover, the percent recovery calculated after gathering all the
data is 98%, which is close to 100%.

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what-temperature-does-water-boil/10088297002/
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https://www.britannica.com/science/ammonium-chloride