Montilla, Claire D.

HUMSS 11-4

Review of the Related Literature:

Theme: Gender Discrimination
Source 1: https://www.americanprogress.org/article/discrimination-and-barriers-to-well-being-
the-state-of-the-lgbtqi-community-in-2022/
Details Of The Work: A comprehensive new CAP study finds that many LGBTQI+ people
continue to face discrimination in their personal lives, employment, housing, and health care,
as well as in the public sphere.
Title: Discrimination and Barriers to Well-Being: The State of the LGBTQI+ Community in 2022
Author: Caroline Medina and Lindsay Mahowald
Publisher: CAP 20
Type: E-Journal
Place and Year Published: America, January 12, 2023
Summary: These discriminatory policies are inextricably linked to and contribute to a rise in
extremist anti-LGBTQI+ and, specifically, anti-transgender rhetoric, disinformation, and
violence. LGBTQI+ people and other “sexual and gender diverse” people experience structural
and interpersonal discrimination that adversely affects their well-being and drives disparate
outcomes across crucial areas of life. The most critical takeaway from CAP’s 2022 survey is that
LGBTQI+ individuals continue to experience significantly higher rates of discrimination than
non-LGBTQI+ individuals, a trend that holds true in virtually every setting surveyed—including
health care, employment, housing, and public spaces.
Methodology: Qualitative research used method such as surveys and interviews.
Findings: It was stated the up until not the LGBTQ+ still experiencing discrimination especially in
public places.
Errors/strengths and weaknesses of the study: The strengths may be that the authors
experienced this kind of discrimination themselves. However, this is also the weaknesses due to
the fact that it is biased.
Source 2: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2199296
Details Of The Work: A comprehensive new CAP study finds that many LGBTQI+ people
continue to face discrimination in their personal lives, employment, housing, and health care,
as well as in the public sphere.
Title: Gender Equality in the Workplace: A Tracer Study on the Employment Status of Mindanao
State University at Naawan Graduates and Its Implications on Gender Gap
Author: Caroline Medina and Lindsay Mahowald
Publisher: European Journal of Educational & Social Sciences
Type: Research Paper
Place and Year Published: Philippines, September 30, 2022
Summary: Despite various debates and discussions about the inequalities faced by women in
the workplace, there is still a lack of progress closing the gender gap. Women are
underrepresented not because of lack of education or expertise but merely because of gender
role. To contextualize the issue on gender gap, this study proposed to assess the employment
status of its graduate or alumni in order to objectively measure if gender gap, employment
inequality, and gender role differences in the job setting currently exist in the workplace.
Methodology: Quantitative since this study needs a large participant for its data.
Findings: That in this time the discrimination or gender gaps on work still lingers and doesn’t
stop.
Errors/strengths and weaknesses of the study: The strengths is they give a lot of data to prove
their study. However, this is also the weaknesses due to the fact that it is biased.
Source 3: https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1117&context=conf_shsrescon
Details Of The Work: The gender gap issue continues to be prevalent in varying sectors in the
Philippines even in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Title: Gabriella: Gender Gap and Discrimination Experienced by Women Employees in the
Filmmaking Sector
Author: Janelle G. Gutierrez and Carla R. Isip
Publisher: De La Salle University Integrated School
Type: Research Paper
Place and Year Published: Philippines, May 12-13, 2022
Summary: Even in the midst of Pandemic, gender discrimination doesn’t stop. It could be on
adult, youths, everyone. The study aims to highlight women’s experiences in the filmmaking
sector of the art industry working in an online set-up and to also clearly show its effects to their
target audience, which are the working-class sectors in the Philippines through a short
mockumentary film.
Methodology: Qualitative Research
Findings: Through the film, the study aims to shed more light on the issue of gender pay gap and
discrimination towards women in the workplace and see it from a hopeful perspective.

Errors/strengths and weaknesses of the study: The weaknesses that I could find is that some
may find this a biased research since it only tackels the experiences of the women employees.
Source 4: https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/04/01/2088484/philippines-slips-
global-gender-equality
Details Of The Work: The Philippines slipped a notch in the global ranking on gender equality,
highlighting the pandemic’s consequence on more Filipino women leaving the labor force.
Title: Philippines slips in global gender equality
Author: Louise Maureen Simeon
Publisher: Philstar Global
Type: Article
Place and Year Published: Philippines, April 1, 2021
Summary: The Philippines slipped a notch in the global ranking on gender equality, highlighting
the pandemic’s consequence on more Filipino women leaving the labor force. Based on the
Global Gender Gap Report 2021 of Geneva-based World Economic Forum (WEF), the
Philippines ranked 17th out of 156 countries. It scored 0.784 out of a parity score of one. This
means that it closed 78.4 percent of its overall gender gap to date. While it slid one notch in the
global ranking, its performance was second-best in the East Asia and Pacific region, after New
Zealand.
Methodology: Qualitative Research
Findings: Through this article it shows the rankings of the countries when it comes to gender
discrimination and gender equality.
Errors/strengths and weaknesses of the study: The weaknesses that I could find is that this
could stain the countries name. But it also shows the reality of some in that country.
Source 5: http://www.iier.org.au/iier26/morales.pdf
Details Of The Work: The present study explored gender inequality in K to 12 basic education,
based on the experiences of first year pre-service science and mathematics teachers.
Title: Does gender inequality influence interest in pursuing a career in science or mathematics
teaching?
Author: Marie Paz E. Morales, Ruel A. Avilla and Allen A. Espinosa
Publisher: Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Type: Research Paper
Place and Year Published: Philippines, January 26, 2016
Summary: Results showed that the majority of students experienced gender inequality in their
K to 12 basic education. However, they agreed that they still pursued a career in science or
mathematics teaching based on factors such as teacher-student interaction, teaching strategy,
verbal teacher response and instructional materials. Gender inequality therefore is not a great
predictor of career choice in science and/or mathematics teaching
Methodology: Qualitative Research
Findings: The present study explored gender inequality in K to 12 basic education, based on the
experiences of first year pre-service science and mathematics teachers.
Errors/strengths and weaknesses of the study: The weaknesses that I could find is that this
research is only a theory of a person so this is a biased one.