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5.3 Chemical Effect - Electric Cells
5.3 Chemical Effect - Electric Cells
Shewanella
Powered by Soil (Microbes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdIV_UZFK9A
5.3 Chemical Effect – Electric Cells
What can you do with a potato?
Electric Cells
• Electric cells operate as direct current (DC) devices that drives
charges in one direction.
• The electron charge carriers leave the negative terminal of the
cell and re-enter the cell at the positive terminal.
• The positive terminal has a higher potential than the negative
terminal.
• A current will be driven around a circuit when a cell is connected.
• The chemical energy of the battery is eventually converted into
thermal energy (wires), into mechanical work (motor) and into
chemical again if it is used to charge another battery in the
external circuit.
• Within the cell itself, negative charge carriers are pushed from
the negative to the positive terminal. This requires work that
must be done on the charge carriers. This work is provided by the
chemical energy stored in the energy and is released by chemical
reactions taking place inside the battery.
Ideal vs Real Cells
Ideal Battery Real Battery
Since 𝜀 = 𝐼(𝑅 + 𝑟)
• We can rearrange the above equation;
𝜀 = 𝐼𝑅 + 𝐼𝑟
• and then to 𝜀 = 𝑉 + 𝐼𝑟
r = 0.54
Experiment 5.3
To investigate the internal resistance of a battery
3.0 – Ir = 2.8
3.0 – (0.37)(r) = 2.8
V
r = 0.2/0.37 = 0.54
r = 0.54
Primary and Secondary Cells
What is the difference?
Primary and Secondary Cells
• Batteries are either primary or secondary.
• Primary batteries can be used only once because the chemical
reactions that supply the electrical current are irreversible.
• Secondary (or storage) batteries can be used, charged, and
reused. In these batteries, the chemical reactions that supply
electrical current are readily reversed so that the battery is
charged.
• Primary batteries are common since they are cheap and easy
to use. Familiar primary battery uses are in flashlights,
watches, toys, and radios.
• The most common use for secondary (storage) batteries is for
starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) in automobiles and engine-
generator sets. Other applications include uninterruptible
power supplies (UPSs) for emergency and backup power,
electric vehicles (traction), telecommunications, and portable
tools.
Video Clips
• Primary vs Secondary Cells
• How primary cells work
How should we dispose our
batteries?
• http://www.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/3rs/e-waste-lamp-battery-
recycling/lamp-battery-recycling
(a) 0.0114 (bi) 1050A (bii) 12600 W (ci) Q=1.8 x 105C (cii) 28.6 min
Homework
Cambridge pg 230
Pg 230 Q30, 32, 33, 35 and 36
Vegetable/Fruits Challenge