LETTER OF INTENT

Filling the letter of intent is mendatory for all candidates.

In this section, it is expected to explain following details , your academic and social experiences,
relating the field you want to take an education ,your reasons for choosing turkey for study and
the importance of your future plans for your education and scholarship in turkey.
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE/Study Plane

Doctoral study is a significant milestone in the perpetual journey to education and the best
exposure to this would be a worthy platform to prove the skills and knowledge that I will learn.
With due reverence to the department and the university, I pen down a ‘statement of purpose’.
This statement is an endeavour to project my credentials as an aspiring researcher, my
achievements as a biotechnology/biology/ botany graduate, my interest in this doctoral program
and my ambitions. My schooling and college education played a pivotal role in shaping my future. I had
excellent facilities and faculty, which laid emphasis on fundamentals.

I have always been a curious child, seeking reason and logic behind my observations of the
world around me, and of the explanations put forth by others.
I did BS Botany from The women university of Multan, PAKISTAN, where I have learned
about different fields of Botany that covers physiology, anatomy, taxanomy, genetics, molecular
biology, and Environmental issue of plants their effects on entire ecosystem. My main aim is to
learn much more about the new and latest laboratory techniques and instrumentation, research
methodologies and procedural approach and practice about plants and crop improvements. I
want to know what is difference between education and research system in developed countries
and what is their main aspect of development and progress and learn how we can develop and
adopt these methods and system in under-developed countries. Firstly, the 4 Years graduate
program in Botany has taught me to analyse various biological and environmental topics relevant
to a problem systematically. The comprehensive integrated 4-year program of BS Botany that I
undertook taught me both theoretical and practical aspects of a variety of bioscience subjects
such as molecular biology, cell biology, plant physiology, microbiology, and genomics.
This fired my interest in academics and research and thus I have worked consistently towards
this goal, with distinctions in my Master’s Degree in Botany from The women university of
Multan , PAKISTAN and MS digree from Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan. I am now
looking forward to doing a Ph.D. and sense that the experiences in my life have been so far
instrumental in getting me equipped to embark on this venture.
During this course I have pursued many projects, drawing upon the knowledge and skills that I
acquired through classroom teaching as well as extensive practical training.
Among the projects that I undertook, the work I did on stress physiology to study the
modifications and changes in the plant anatomy and growth development of plants.
In MS Botany program I performed my research work about ethnomedicinal wild flora of
Pakistan that I accomplished under the guidance of Dr.Tauseef Anwar (Assistant Professor),
Dept. of Biological Sciences (DBS), Islamia University Bahawalpur, PAKISTAN from
October 2020 to Febraury 2022. In this project, I established a functional diversification between
the indeginous people and medicinal flora of Pakistan.
Apart from technical skills, I have always been an active student. The various extra-curricular
activities offered by my University sharpened other essential skills in me. I was part of the
organizing committee for my university cultural fest and for participating in seminars.
I also teach the students as a tution teacher as well in many school institutions. My other interests
include travelling, painting, music, cooking and reading.
All throughout my undergraduate and graduate career, I have equipped myself with participation
in various technical symposiums attended seminars and have done projects across a spectrum of
fields.
I believe that an interdisciplinary learning that I have strived to acquire, has taught me to look for
answers and overcome challenges. Having knowledge in various fields certainly makes that job
easier, as we know which field can cater to what part of the solution. This approach has really
helped me in working in collaborative research initiatives and I wish to be a part of similar
initiatives in future.
Therefore, I am now ready to pursue a PhD to advance my career into basic and translational
research. I am a keen and hard-working individual with a passion for Biological science
(Botany). I am certain that I will be able to cope with the rigors of an International curriculum
with ease. My determination to succeed and do well will enable me to be among the better
students of your Institution.
I highly value time and resources and as highlighted in my application, I have worked hard in the
last six years to thoroughly train myself to pursue a career in research. The cutting edge research
environment at your institue with dedicated research teams and technological facilities will be
highly suitable for advancing my career.
I will be greatly honoured if I am given the opportunity to pursue PhD in your University and
shall strive to contribute to the field of Botany and the organization. After all I love Turkey
because Turkey is an insanely beautiful country. Surrounded by water on three sides, the coasts
of Turkey are some of the most beautiful in the world.

1- Subject of study
Proposed research Title:
Crop Allelopathy for Sustainable Weed Management in Triticum aestivum
I have recently completed my MS research work in the field of ethnomedicinal applications of
wild flora of Pakistan specially in the field of ethnomedicine. Now I want to do further research
and development in the field of allelopathy and weed management. As Weed control has become
critical in the face of yield losses caused by weeds, particularly in low-input agricultural systems,
and environmental damage caused by the overuse of synthetic herbicides. Allelopathy, or the
biological phenomena of chemical interactions between plants through the release of secondary
metabolites into the environment, is gaining prominence as a solution to these problems. The
following will be the key findings of my research : (1) Allelopathic crops come in a variety of
botanical groups and can be grown alone or in conjunction with non-allelopathic crops. (2) There
are numerous allelopathic tools that can be used (crop rotation, intercropping, cover cropping as
living or dead mulches, green manuring, use of allelochemical-based bioherbicides). (3) When
combined into an integrated weed management approach, these methods are highly adaptable
and efficient. (4) Recent breakthroughs in allelopathy chemistry are making it easier to produce
bioherbicides with allelochemicals.
Weeds are the most important biotic limitation on crop production, resulting in yield losses
of 45–95 percent depending on environmental conditions and agronomic approaches. Weeds
have been linked to a fall in yields as well as a decrease in the quality and market value of
agricultural products. Weed control in agroecosystems has been virtually entirely
mechanical and chemical for many years, resulting in low weed pressure, cheap
maintenance costs, and high crop output. Depletion of soil organic matter, disruption of soil
structure, acceleration of soil erosion, increase in herbicide-resistant weeds, development of
a replacement weed flora, herbicide persistence in vegetables, crops and contamination of
water are all negative effects of improper use of tillage and synthetic herbicides in
agriculture today.
Weed control can be achieved using both wheat residue allelopathy and wheat seedling
allelopathy. Prior to the production of allelopathic wheat varieties, research into the genetic
regulation of wheat allelopathy is required.
More research is needed to better understand the link between weed suppression and
autotoxicity, as well as residue management in the field. A cultivar might be predicted to
have strong weed suppression characteristics while also having lower autotoxicity.
Scientists will need to collaborate in different places to identify the necessary wheat
varieties to be used under various circumstances. Furthermore, it is critical to investigate the
potential consequences of allelopathy in wheat on pathogens and illnesses.
Further more, I want to gain knowledge of what is new development and advancement in
research and study is going in the developed countries and what is their means of making
progress, growth and achievement. I want to further learn about their cultural and social
approach and system.
I want to bond with international student alumni and want to make strong relation with them and
learn what is new progress and development is going on now. I want to learn about problem
identification and solving techniques and practices and how we can cope with this problem and
difficulties. I want to find out system and structure to identify problems, their categorization
format and method to find out solution of the problems and their development strategies.
 2- Research QUESTIONS ( up to 15 words)

1. To find the role of current biotechnologies in plant allelopathy in Triticum aestivum.

2. The current study’s main purpose is to uncover new possible allelopathy application
solutions by using what we've learned to make weed management more sustainable.

3- Analysis of the problem (at least 75, maximum 300 words) (in this section briefly
explain the topic and your theory (concept map) to be used in the study.
Allelopathy is defined as "the harmful or helpful effects of plants on one another." For
generations, allelopathic interactions have been seen in agricultural regions. It has been accepted
as an innovative strategy to weed management and, as a result, higher agricultural yields.
Allelochemicals have a lot of potential for weed control, either directly or as a template for
developing new herbicides.
The goal of my study is to observe how certain plants affected the seeds and seedlings of weeds
R. dentatus and A. fatua, as well as allied crop T. aestivum, in soil and on filter paper in the lab.
In my research work I will point out the increasing importance of allelopathy as a new tool to
make weed management more sustainable, both in conventional and organic agri culture.
This field of research, which embraces different sciences, has gained in importance in recent
years and, step by step, is becoming ever more common among farmers.
According to previous studies allelopathic interactions in general, and allelochemicals in
particular, are now regarded as critical tools for long-term weed and pest management, as
well as disease control. A number of tactics are being implemented in this regard, including
the use of cover, smother, or companion crops for weed management, direct use of
allelochemicals as natural insecticides, and even the transfer of allelopathic traits/principles
to contemporary day cultivars. Purified allelochemicals and/or derivatives, as well as
compounds created based on their chemistry, can be employed as innovative agrochemicals
for environmentally benign, long-term management. The purpose of this study is to explore
all of the roles and elements of allelopathy in the agrosystems.

4- Research method ( minimum 50 maximum 300 words ) (give information about the
academic research methods you intend to use in this study ) foe example in-depth
interviews, observations, surveys, experiments,etc)
 Methodology:

Brief methodology of my research proposal is given below.

1. Plant Collection and Processing

2. Procurement of Seeds of Test Species

3. Sterilization of Seeds of Test Species

4. Aqueous Extract Preparation

5. Bioassay Parameters

Following three parameters were used in allelopathic screening methodologies (a) Germination
(%), (b) Radicle length (cm), and (c) Plumule length (cm).

6. Screening on Filter Paper

7. Screening on Soil
8. Allelopathic Practices Involved in Weed Management
Allelopathic crops can be employed to manage weeds in agroecosystems by including them in
rotational sequences or (ii) intercropping in close proximity with a cash crop, (iii) cover
cropping as living or dead mulches, (iv) crop residue incorporation into the soil and (v) by
using their allelochemicals as bioherbicides. The adoption of allelopathy for weed
management is highly flexible, varying site by site.
9. Biotechnologies in Crop Allelopathy
Screening and Selection of Allelopathic Crop Cultivars
 Stress Induction
 Genetic Engineering
10. Statistical Analysis

5- Preliminary answer to the research question (at least 75, maximum 300 words)
 Research is needed to determine the change of allelopathic potential from wild types to
modern varieties. The correlation between heritages of those modern varieties and
allelopathic characteristics during the evolution and selection by humans is not clear.
Artificial breeding by humans might not have favored crop characteristics like weeds
suppression. Research is yet to determine, even among the modern varieties, whether or
not the allelopathic potential could be genetically transformed to the next generation.
More research is needed to understand the relationship between weeds suppression and
autotoxicity and residue management under field conditions. A variety can be expected to
have excellent characteristics for weeds suppression and, at the same time, have less
autotoxicity. More mathematical models on the allelopathic effects on wheat should be
built to get a systemic understanding of the essence of allelopathy.
In addition, with the determination of proteins and genomes related to allelopathy in
wheat, bioinformation will come into being, which will allow allelopathy in wheat, and
other plants, to become prevalent, practical and prosperous.
Future research should focus on developing an assessment system of allelopathy as soon
as possible, in part, to ensure the protection of allelopathic types of wheat. In natural and
artificial ecosystems, allelopathy is a critical factor influencing coevolution and other
ecologic processes. It is necessary to investigate wheat allelopathy in conjunction with
global change, biodiversity and biological invasion.

6- Academic contribution of the study (minimum 75, maximum 300 words) (explain how
this study will contribute to your academic field)

Prior to the production of allelopathic wheat varieties, more research is needed to

determine the genetic regulation of wheat allelopathy. In vitro studies to separate,
characterise, and quantify allelochemicals from living wheat plants at various phases of
development are needed. Furthermore, the relationship between present varieties'
heritages and wheat's allelopathic features during their evolution and selection by humans
is still unknown. There is also a lack of research on the modern varieties as to whether the
allelopathic potential can be genetically transferred to the next generation. In the future,
more models and assessment systems must be developed to illuminate the essence of
allelopathy and the genomes of wheat with allelopathic traits should be constructed to
make available allelopathic bioinformation on wheat.
Future research should concentrate on building an allelopathy assessment system as soon
as possible, in part to ensure the protection of allelopathic wheat varieties. Allelopathy is
a key component influencing coevolution and other ecological processes in both natural
and manmade ecosystems. Wheat allelopathy must be investigated in the context of
global change, biodiversity, and biological invasion.

7- Literature review (at least 75, maximum 300 words) please write down the main
academic sources written in this study area )
The allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Carica papaya L., Parthenium hysterophorus L.,
Euphorbia helioscopia L., and Rumex dentatus L. on intact and pre-germinated seeds of Rumex
dentatus, Avena fatua, Helianthus annuus, Zea mays, and Triticum aestivum was investigated
using filter paper and soil bioassays Experiments involving five replications were designed in
CRD. Germination percentage, radicle length (cm), and plumule length (cm) of test species
were among the factors investigated. In a soil bioassay, aqueous extracts of C. papaya and P.
hysterophorus leaves reduced the emergence of R. dentatus and A. fatua, whereas all extracts
inhibited the germination of R. dentatus and A. fatua on filter paper. All of the extracts
inhibited radicle growth in R. dentatus and A. fatua in direct seeding, filter paper bioassays. In
some experiments, plumule of A. fatua was significantly repressed by E. helioscopia extractE.
Helioscopia reduced the radicle length of R. dentatus and A. fatua in direct seeding soil
bioassays. P. hysterophorus hindered the formation of R. dentatus radicles as well. The plumule
length of R. dentatus and A. fatua was suppressed by all aqueous extracts in soil. P.
hysterophorus strongly suppressed radicle and plumule of all test species in seedling filter paper
and soil bioassays. Aqueous extracts of P. hysterophorus and E. helioscopia were found to be
effective weed suppressants. These extracts' weed-suppressing properties can be due to
allelopathicsecondary metabolites, which need to be investigated further ( Qureshi, H,. et al
2017)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a common name for cereal grasses of a genus of the grass
family, cultivated for food since prehistoric times by the people of the temperate zones and now
the most important grain crop of those regions. It has allelopathic potential if used as a cover
crop for weed control in various cropping systems. Research results indicate that, among
modern varieties, there is a variable resistance potential against weeds. Numerous
allelochemicals have been identified in wheat, mainly belonging to the categories of phenolic
acids, hydroxamic acids and short-chain fatty acids. Some researchers conceived that wheat
allelopathy is genetically controlled, but systematic research on gene behaviors is lacking. The
negative effects of wheat on other crops under different agricultural production systems have
been reported ( Yongqing, Ma,. 2005)

8- ADDITIONAL ITEM
IF you have a subject in your application dacuments that you think is not clear
enough and you want to explain ,or if you want to draw the attention of the
evaluation committee,please briefly explain in this section.