EMT 2334

Introduction to balanced and

unbalanced 3-Phase Circuits
 Single-phase System

• Single phase system consists of a generator connected through a pair of

wires (a transmission line) to a load.

• Vp is the rms magnitude of the source voltage; ϕ is the phase.

Two-phase
System
• It is produced by a generator
consisting of two coils placed
perpendicular to each other so that the
voltage generated by one lags the other
by 90°.
Three-phase
System
• It is produced by a generator
consisting of three sources having the
same amplitude and frequency but out
of phase with each other by 120°.
ADVANTAGES • The instantaneous power in a three-phase
system can be constant (not pulsating).
OF THREE This results in uniform power transmission
and less vibration of three-phase
PHASE SYSTEMS machines.

• For the same amount of power, the three-

phase system is more economical than the
single-phase.

• The amount of wire required for a three-

phase system is less than that required for
an equivalent single-phase system.
GENERATION OF
BALANCED THREE-
PHASE VOLTAGES
GENERATION OF BALANCED
THREE-PHASE VOLTAGES
BALANCED THREE-PHASE SYSTEM
BALANCED
THREE-
PHASE
SYSTEM
Properties of a • Waveform is perfectly sinsusoidal i.e. in terms of
magnitude and phase shift of 120 deg
Balanced
• Current flowing through each phase is same.,
System
• No current flows through the neutral

• Power loss is very low or not present