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Coaxial (Coax) Connectors - RF Types

Posted: October 11, 2018 | Categories: Coax, RF, RG, Low Loss (LMR) | Tags: rg, low loss, lmr, coax | Author: Nicholas Watkins

Along with the many types of coax cables there are to pick from, there is also an assortment of different types of RF coax connectors. When selecting a connector, you need to make sure
you select one rated for the cable you are assembling. The back end of the RF connector that attaches to the coax cable needs to be the right size for installation. If the connector is too
small, it will not fit. If it is too big, the connector will not secure properly and can be pulled off or even just fall off.

The type of RF connector you need will be determined by the equipment used with the coax cable. A television coax connection, for example, uses an F-type connector as the industry
standard. Not every connector can be used with every type of coax cable, but all types of coax cables do support multiple types of RF connectors.

Every connector comes in two versions, male and female. A male connector will have a pin in the center while a female connector has a hole. If you are using an RP (Reverse Polarity)
connector, this is switched. Male RP will have the hole while female RP has the pin. The term “reverse polarity” refers to the fact that the hole and pin are switched. They do not change
the polarity of the signal going through the cable.

RP connectors were originally implemented by the FCC to try to stop members of the public from using antennas and other equipment to boost their Wi-Fi signals, in violation of federal
law. This worked for a few years but now RP connectors are just as available on the open market as their conventional counterparts.

FAQ - Everything You Need To Know About Reverse Polarity

Common types of coax RF connectors include:

BNC

F-type

N-series

TNC

UHF (PL-259/SO-239)
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SMA/SMB
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 MC/MCX/MMCX

DIN/Mini-DIN

TS-9

NMO

BNC

BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connectors are available for most types of coax cable. They come in both 50 ohm and 75 ohm versions. Originally developed in the 1980s for military
use, today BNC connectors are commonly used on radios and security cameras. They are used at low frequencies, typically below 4 GHz.

TNC

TNC (Threaded Neil-Concelman) is an upgraded version of BNC that uses threads to secure itself. These threads minimize leakage and allow the connectors to work at frequencies up to
12 GHz. TNC connectors also have the benefit of being weatherproof and is commonly used for outdoor applications like antennas and cell towers. A reverse polarity version is also
available.

F-TYPE

F-type connectors are the type of RF connector seen on the backs of televisions. These connectors are most commonly used on RG59, RG6, and RG11 cable, although there are other
options. They can be used for antenna, cable, and satellite television as well as cable modems.
N-SERIES

N-series connectors, named after inventor Paul Neill, are a 50 ohm connector originally developed for military use. 75 oh versions do exist today, but they are much less common and
incompatible with the 50 ohm version. Modern N-series connectors can handle frequencies up to 18 GHz and are also available in reverse polarity.

UHF (PL-259/SO-239)

UHF connectors are also referred to as PL-259 (male) and SO-239 (female). Originally built for military use during World War II, today UHF connectors are primarily used for amateur
radios. At 50 ohms, it is most commonly seen on RG58 and RG8 as well as their LMR equivalents. There is also a Mini-UHF connector version designed for equipment where space is
limited, like a cell phone.
SMA/SMB

SMA (Subminiature A) is a miniature sized threaded connector that is much smaller than most other coax options. At 50 ohms, it is usually used on RG58 or thinner coax at frequencies
up to 24 GHz and is environmentally sealed. They are also available in reverse polarity. SMB (Subminiature B) is used with high-frequency equipment built for a maximum transmission
of 4 GHz, with a snap-on connection.

QMA

QMA is an upgrade to SMA, being built to connect/disconnect easily and quickly. This is a newer type of coax connector, introduced in 2003, and has not widely caught on yet. Until QMA
becomes more widespread, the number of coax cables it is available for will be limited.
FME

FME is another 50 ohm miniature RF connector that is mainly used with RG58. The small size of FME allows it to be run through holes and conduit that other coax connectors are too
large for.

PAL

PAL (Phase Alternating Line) is a type of connection used in Australia, most of Europe, and parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. In the United States, the only time you will see PAL is
if you need an adapter for connecting to a piece of equipment manufactured to international standards.

MC/MCX/MMCX

MC (Microcoaxial), MCX (Micro Coaxial Connector), and MMCX (Micro-Miniature Coaxial) are all types of downsized coax connectors used in areas where other coax connectors would
take up too much space. MC is used for cars, antennas, and GPS. MCX was developed for the Apple Airport Extreme Base Station’s antenna and is also used on GPS. MMCX also sees use
on GPS in additional to being used on tuners for computers to connect to Wi-Fi.

DIN/MINI-DIN
DIN/Mini-DIN cables for single line coax come in a few varieties. 1.0/2.3 was developed in the 90s for telecom systems. The 50 ohm version works with frequencies up to 10 GHz while
the 75 ohm version supports a maximum of 4 GHz. 4.1/9.5 and 4.3/10 have similar functionality but are larger sizes, for use with thicker types of coax cable. 7/16 is a full-sized 50 ohm
DIN that looks similar to an N-series connector. These types of RF connectors are German designed and known for their ability to support high levels of power.

TS-9

TS-9 is a very small connector used in compact devices like cell phones. Its small size means it must be used with very thin cable, such as LMR-100 and LMR-195.

NMO

NMO connectors are removable connectors that double as antenna mounts, designed to be used with Motorola products. They are used with RG58 and LMR-195 cable.

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