THE EFFECTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL AND PRACTICES USED FOR SANITATION

AND CLEANLINESS BY RANDOM GRADE 11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

OF GENECOM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.

A RESEARCH PAPER PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF GENECOM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INC.,

LEGAZPI CITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOOL SUBJECT PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

BY:

Antonete Geniene Banua

Marjorie Rodriguez

Hans David Bensay

Christyn Regalario

Miguel Gravito

Marjorie R. Mina

Research Adviser

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study........................................................................................................... 4

Statement of the Problem........................................................................................................... 7

Significance of the Study............................................................................................................ 8

Scope and Delimitation............................................................................................................... 9

Definition of Terms..................................................................................................................... 9

References................................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter II. THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

Review of Related Literature.................................................................................................... 12

Review of Related Studies......................................................................................................... 17

Synthesis of the Art.................................................................................................................... 19

Gap Bridge of the Study............................................................................................................ 20

Theoretical Framework............................................................................................................ 21

Theoretical Paradigm................................................................................................................ 22

Conceptual Framework............................................................................................................. 23

Conceptual Paradigm................................................................................................................ 24

References.................................................................................................................................. 25

Chapter III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Research Design........................................................................................................................ 28

Research Method....................................................................................................................... 29

Respondents of the Study.......................................................................................................... 29

Sources of Data......................................................................................................................... 30

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Data Gathering Procedure........................................................................................................ 30

Research Instrument................................................................................................................ 31

Statistical Treatment................................................................................................................. 31

Survey Questionnaire............................................................................................................... 33

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 CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

This chapter presents the background of the study and the statement of the

problem that has been initially answered in the assumption of the study. This also presents the

significance of the study, scope and delimitation, definition of terms and the references.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

“We are born from the earth, we return to the earth and we sustain by the earth”. Hence

the environment in which we live is very important and it directly affects our lives. It is said that

man is the product of his environment. Environmental problem is a global concern, it has no

boundary. Around the world efforts are being made to make people aware about environmental

protection. One of the main causes of environmental degradation is improper management in the

disposal of solid waste. It is a major cause of pollution and outbreak of diseases in many parts of

the world. There is no permanent solution for environmental problems, only thing we can reduce

and control waste generation by proper awareness and practice. Proper management of the waste

generated is most important in this matter. Waste management is a science that addresses the

logistics, environmental impact, social responsibility and cost of an organizations waste disposal.

Solid Waste Management (SWM) has 3 basic components namely collection, segregation

and disposal.

According to Perez, (2011) segregating the waste is also doing part in waste

management. Avoidance of having trash is one way of lessening the garbage problem in the

country. Using materials that are environmental friendly, to minimize and solve the garbage

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problems of the Philippines. On the other side, he focus on economic growth has led as to take

environmental management for granted. Solid waste became the most visible environmental

problem in the country, and has remained so for years.

Solid waste management is one of the challenges faced by many countries.

Poor solid waste management will lead to various problems in health, environment and

socioeconomic aspects. Since, educational institution is an agent of change and through R.A. No.

9003, solid waste management concepts are being integrated in science education. Reduce,

Reuse, and Recycle, which is also known as 3R, have many effects in one’s country or

community. It can make the community grow better and lessen the garbage in the surroundings.

The researchers undergo this research to assess the effects of 3R in the community. The

researchers assessed the effectiveness of the 3R process inside the Bestlink College of the

Philippines, with the participation of the students and using the materials provided in segregating

the waste materials. This study used the survey method because it is the easiest and most used

method in descriptive design.

Despite global awareness on the effects of improper waste disposal, the actual

practice of proper waste handling is still neglected. Serving as the best venue for information

dissemination, schools can reinforce waste management programs through its curriculum.

Identification of curriculum areas that can complement waste management strategies by

evaluating the level of awareness and participation of its teaching employees, non-teaching staff,

and students is the main objective of this study. The K-12 Science curriculum aims to develop

scientific literacy among students towards application of scientific knowledge that will have

social, health, and environmental impact (Department of Education, 2012). In the curriculum

guide (DepEd, 2013), topics related to proper waste management and disposal are commenced in

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Grades 4 where learning competencies include investigating the causes and effects of decaying

materials to health and safety; identification of unused, spare, unwanted, leftover, trash materials

at home, in school and in the community; and communication of the importance or benefits of

proper handling of waste materials. Continuing that, in Grade 5, related competencies to proper

waste management and disposal are using the upgraded 5Rs (recycle, reduce, reuse, recover, and

repair) techniques for aesthetic and economic purposes; and sorting of materials at home as

useful or harmful. Lastly, in Grade 8, the sole competency anchored on the topic is suggesting

ways to minimize human impact on the environment. Such limitations provide learners only a tip

of the iceberg knowledge on e-waste.

This study aims to discuss the methods used for cleaning and sanitizing the

school environment. As students, having a clean and organized environment is one of the factors

that contribute to effective learning experience. However, in some cases, proper sanitation and

waste disposal is not being observed in some places like schools. This study aims to find out the

possible reasons behind it and also to learn what would be the effective practices in achieving

and maintaining the cleanliness and orderliness of the school environment. Proper hygiene and

sanitation practices in school should be learned and practiced by students for the prevention of

infections, controlling the transmission of viruses and bacteria, and promoting good health. As

health problem is one of the reasons that can contribute to absenteeism of the students, it is

important to start teaching them these practices at young age. As the school is second home and

the place that educates and nurture these young minds, proper waste disposal and waste

sanitation is being integrated to school curriculum to teach them and eventually apply these

practices in and outside of the classroom. It is our responsibility as students and also as a part of

our community to maintain the cleanliness and orderliness of our school. After this study, our

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goal is not just knowing the practices used in cleaning and sanitizing but also to apply it on our

daily lives. We also want to raise awareness on our fellow students how this knowledge can

improve our environment outside school.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will determine the Effective Waste Disposal and Practices used for Sanitation

and Cleanliness by random Grade 11 Senior High School Students of GENECOM Institute of

Science and Technology Inc.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the practices used in terms of:

a.) Waste Disposal

b.) Sanitation

c.) Cleanliness

2. What are the school’s issues and concerns in terms of:

a.) Waste Disposal

b.) Sanitation

c.) Cleanliness

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3. What are the effective waste disposal and practices used for sanitation and cleanliness by

random Grade 11 SHS Students of GENECOM Institute of Science and Technology Inc?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study is the following:

This Research study will benefit a certain people and groups and here are the followings:

School: to maintain its legacy and cleanliness. And will able to make the school looks new

built because of proper waste disposal and general cleaning.

Students: they will have a clean school environment and can pay more attention to class

without seeing mess around that can distract them.

Teachers: they will be proud of their advisory class students because they maintained and

achieved having a clean classroom and school environment.

Visitors: they will be amazed to the school and students, and might recommend the school of

having a clean environment to the students.

Parents: they will be proud of their children’s responsible behavior at school because the

school taught them to clean and manage their waste that they can apply also in their home.

Janitors: it will lessen the things that they have to do and by the process and methods of the

random grade 11 students will help them too in segregating and disposing trash properly.

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 Future Researchers: they will have enough knowledge to study similar topics like this so

that they can improve their school cleanliness and waste disposal system correctly and

effectively.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study focuses on the Effective Waste Disposal and Practices used for Sanitation and

Cleanliness of the school. The respective respondents will be the selective Grade 11 Senior High

School Students of GENECOM Institute of Science and Technology, Inc. Rawis, Legazpi City.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are not that familiar, so in order for readers and respondents to fully

understand, we provided this operationally and conceptually to enhance the readers minds

regarding of the study.

Disposal- it is the action or process of throwing away or getting rid of something appropriately.

Its purpose on the researchers study is to teach students to dispose their trash properly.

Effective Waste Disposal- Methods to overcome the above issues include reuse and recycling

which help to mitigate the harmful effects of waste by reducing the amount that ends up in

landfill. Means disposing waste properly and effectively to avoid having complains and spread of

bacteria.

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Minimize- the reduce (something, especially something unwanted or unpleasant) to the smallest

possible amount or degree. Processes that the researchers can use to lessen and minimize the

trash inside the school even in a smallest way just to maintain the cleanliness and orderliness of

the school.

Modification- a change to something, usually to improve it. To change the cleaning and

disposing system inside the school or more likely to add and improve some methods and

practices.

Sanitation- Conditions relating to public health, especially the provision of clean drinking water

and adequate sewage disposal. This will keep the students safe and away from virus inside the

school and to stop the spread of virus. The researchers will check the sanitation process that is

being practiced inside the school.

Segregation- is the sorting and separation of waste types to facilitate recycling and correct

onward disposal. Separating different kinds of garbage like biodegradable or non- biodegradable

to help the janitors and garbage collectors.

Waste management- involves the processes of waste collection, transportation, processing, as

well as waste recycling or disposal. Managing the waste inside the school to lessen and improve

it more.

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 REFERENCES

Manalo, Dexter Andrew (2022). Awareness, Attitude, and Behavior of Senior High School

Students on E-Waste Recycling: Implications to Science Education. https://lukad.org/wp-

content/uploads/2022/08/95-110-Manalo.pdf

Molina, Romenick Alejandro (2021). Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices among

Senior High School Students in a State College in Zamboanga City, Philippines.

https://www.aquademia-journal.com/article/solid-waste-management-awareness-and-

practices-among-senior-high-school-students-in-a-state-college-9579

Noces, Diana Teresa (2020). Assessment on Implementing 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) in

Improving Waste Management of Selected Senior High School Students at Bestlink

College of the Philippines.

https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/1263

Pijls Ruth, Groen Brenda(2012) Cleanliness translated into sensory clues of the service

environment.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236296694_Cleanliness_translate

d_into_sensory_clues_of_the_service_environment?

fbclid=IwAR3QN8tJSyCbqUZi4CQo09AE88QCg4_5zAKQPDyraC_oO6mt4wteB-

AxyRg

Punongbayan, Carlo (2014). Waste Management Practices of an Educational Institution.

https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/APJEAS-Waste-

Management-Practices-of-an-Educational-Institution.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1vPxa9duds0U-

bkSi61FXQiRrjemTI2w2coTSI5WSC2ChIAHwqP_C8RV4

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Valenzuela, Jacqui Lou (2018). Greening the Curriculum: A Strategic Waste Management for

Chemical Wastes in School Laboratories. https://philair.ph/index.php/irj/article/view/596

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the in-depth search

done by the researchers regarding on the topic about cleanliness and proper waste disposal inside

the school. The researchers will get involve with the relevant issues and studies that correlates

within the issue and problem. This chapter includes the synthesis of the art which have contained

various materials in order to make your point, and the gap bridge of the study. This chapter also

present the theoretical and conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be done and

lastly the references.

RELATED LITERATURE

In Sylvia Van Den Brink (2023) hygiene program, they teach children,

teachers, and parents about many aspects of hygiene, such as hand washing, correct restroom

usage, and waste management. This is critical because excellent hygiene is essentially life and

death in Congo.

This program aims to improve the cleanliness of the school. If children are less

likely to be ill, they are more likely to complete their education. Its purpose is to prevent germs

from occupying the school’s space that could really harm not just only students but for those who

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enters the school like parents, visitors, school staffs etc. Proper waste disposal and the

cleanliness of the school must be maintained and for us to be able to maintain it, we must start to

practice proper hygiene first, because if we can’t then how can we apply this program.

Separating, reducing, reusing, recycling, and composting are all good methods

for managing school waste, according to Te Thuhu (2019). Boards must develop ways to dispose

of school waste with the least amount of environmental impact. Only schools with no other

options can incinerate garbage and construct waste pits on school grounds. Avoid disposing your

garbage in a landfill. Landfills contribute to environmental issues such as unpleasant odors and

pollution and chemicals leeching into water and air. Educate employees and students on

alternative garbage disposal methods such as recycling, reusing, and composting.

They could certainly help the school maintain cleanliness using this strategy

because they provided sample solutions for managing school garbage and strategies to get rid of

school waste with no bad impacts that could hurt children if ever. And educating pupils how to

properly dispose of their waste to minimize problems, and if possible, how to segregate and

recycle it to improve the school's cleanliness.

Because school garbage takes many forms, there are several school bins you

can use to store your trash safely and securely before collection. Recycling bins for your school

can help ensure that paper, cardboard, plastic, and other recyclable material is segregated and

easily recycled. We also supply free bins for schools, so the garbage collectors will only have to

pickup. School recycling bins come in a variety of sizes to accommodate the volume and kind of

garbage generated by the school’s organization, ranging from wheelie bins to big static choices if

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you have the room. School dumpsters with lids also decrease the possibility of tampering,

weather damage, or pest infestation

In this article, it was stated that they provide free bins for students where they

can freely toss their trash and secure it before collection. it has several trash bins that correlate to

the type of trash you have to throw. Because of the provided trash bins and this strategy can also

assist garbage collectors in making their tasks more convenient.

Based on Mohd. Shahnawaz (2019), Plastic waste is a significant contributor to

solid waste pollution worldwide. The slow decomposition of plastic waste leads to the deaths of

countless marine and terrestrial organisms. People worldwide have attempted various methods to

dispose of plastic waste, aiming to degrade or transform it into usable forms. One such method is

incineration, which involves burning plastic waste but produces toxic gases. Recycling is another

approach where plastic waste is converted into other usable plastic forms, but it still consumes

energy and the plastic retains its original properties. Landfilling is a disposal method where

plastic does not break down effectively due to a lack of oxygen for microbial degradation.

Alternatively, constructing roads by mixing plastic with bitumen or generating petrol from

plastic appear to be more viable options for utilizing plastic waste. Among these methods,

biodegradation is considered the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for

plastic degradation. This chapter discusses various plastic degradation techniques, factors

influencing the degradation rate, and concludes that biodegradation is the only economically

viable and eco-friendly method.

This passage explains the negative impact of plastic waste on the environment

and explores different methods that people have tried to manage and dispose of plastic waste. It

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highlights the problems associated with incineration, recycling, and landfilling as disposal

methods. Incineration releases toxic gases, recycling consumes energy and doesn't fully

eliminate the plastic waste, and landfilling doesn't effectively break down plastic due to a lack of

oxygen. The passage suggests that constructing roads using plastic or converting plastic into

petrol might be more practical ways to utilize plastic waste. However, it concludes that

biodegradation is the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for plastic

degradation. The chapter delves into various plastic degradation techniques, factors influencing

the rate of degradation, and emphasizes the economic viability and eco-friendliness of

biodegradation as the preferred method.

As explained by the PENR Officer Mariam Frances Malana's essay, the pupils

were taught the main characteristics of Republic Act No. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000 through the dalaw-turo technique at the start of the activity. Students

with special needs and members of Indigenous Peoples also took part in the activities. It is

critical to involve youth in climate action so that they can enjoy and sustain a clean and healthy

environment. Let us shape the minds of primary school students in proper garbage segregation

and disposal while they are still young. In addition to Pinas: The Basura Buster, information

officers Ramon Sanchez, Jennilyn Gatin, and Marideth Joy Wangdale, as well as other field

workers, acted as resources.

This article explained that the PENR officer announced this article which she

taught the republic act that includes SWM act of dalaw-turo approach and students with special

needs and who are members of the indigenous people also participated in the said activity which

the purpose is to help the school and also the environment to have enough cleanliness that can

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enjoy by every people so that they can breathe freshly in a zero-waste places with a healthy

environment and can sustain a clean environment that will be very important for every people.

The study found that students had a high degree of awareness about Solid

Waste Segregation (SWS). It shown that as pupils progressed through the grade levels and

became older, their knowledge increased. Students, on the other hand, complied minimally with

waste segregation, resulting in a significant level of difficulties. There are significant variances

in waste segregation profile, knowledge, and compliance. It implied that students' knowledge and

compliance differed based on their gender, age, and strands. Finally, a significant association

between the extent of compliance and the degree of problems encountered on proper SWS was

developed, indicating that students' compliance does influence their problems encountered on

right waste segregation.

The increasing volume of it is a feature of the low level of public awareness to

waste management. School is one of the institutions that have a role to build awareness education

for children and teenagers in waste management. In fact, there are still many teenagers who do

not understand the importance of waste management. This paper aims to examine the ability of

senior high school students in waste management by exploring three areas, knowledge about

waste management, organic waste processing, and an organic waste processing. This research

was conducted in senior high school by involving students and teachers. Participants were given

knowledge about the types of waste, knowledge and practice of managing their waste, and

practicing a waste processing into useful items. The results showed that the student waste

management’s knowledge was still low, because they had never been taught in the school

curriculum. They don't even know how to process organic waste. Our visit has changed their

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knowledge about waste and how to process it. So, it is necessary to teenagers to directly practice

how to manage waste into something more valuable.

RELATED STUDIES

It was explained by Fei Hongfu (2020) that The utility model discloses a waste

plastics recycling system for solving the problems that an existing waste plastics recycling

system is complicated in structure and process, waste plastics raw materials are needed to be

washed with water, the waste plastics recycling cost is high, the utilization rate of the plastics

raw materials is low, and harmful gases generated in a waste plastics recycling process can

pollute the environment. The waste plastics recycling system comprises a feeding device, an

extruding device, a discharging device and a dust collecting device which are sequentially

connected, wherein the feeding device ensures that the waste plastics raw materials can be

conveyed to the extruding device without being washed with water, thus the investment for a

cleaning device is eliminated, the waste plastics recycling cost is lowered, and the utilization rate

of the waste plastics raw materials is increased. The discharging device adopts a full-closed

design, and all waste gas is introduced into the dust collecting device without polluting the

environment. Meanwhile, smoke generated in the waste plastics recycling process is low, thus

harmful gases such as dioxin cannot be generated, and thus the waste plastics recycling system is

more environmental-friendly.

According to Hoornweg and Bhada Tata (2022), low-income countries collect

less than half of their rubbish, middle-income countries collect 50% to 80%, and high-income

countries collect more than 90%. However, no collection is complete. Rapid growth in

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developing countries' urban populations, economies, and power consumption, combined with a

failure of institutional authorities in charge of planning, solid waste management, and the

environment to carry out their functional responsibilities, has resulted in rampant solid waste

generation. Solid waste management is crucial for reducing the effects of increased urbanization

both inside and outside of schools. Solid waste management (SWM) is a critical environmental

issue with immediate implications for both the environment (e.g: air, water, and soil) and public

health. The global increase in rubbish generation challenges waste management efforts. Solid

waste is any non-liquid garbage generated by individuals, residences, small enterprises, or

organizations outside of cities, and the unregulated disposal of solid waste may have an influence

on public health and the environment. It is commonly known that SW collection rates vary

substantially between countries.

Bacteria and germs spread so fast; we may not be able to see them the

important is we need to make a move to stop them from building a happy family inside the

school. Suggesting an Effective Waste Disposal methods used for cleanliness and sanitation of

school would be very big help. This perspective aims to find out how Senior Students cleans

their classrooms and so the different areas of school which are managed by the janitors of the

school. The Cleanliness of the school is important because not only one person who sees the

school’s condition but a hundreds and thousands eyes. One of the main reasons why the

researchers chose this to study is to improve the Effectiveness of Waste Disposal and the

Practices that are being used to maintain the Cleanliness and Sanitation of the school. Even

though it took the researchers long to gather all information that are related to our study and it is

very important to learn and practice having a clean SHS classrooms can help us in so many

different ways. Effective Proper Waste Disposal Cleaning should be learned because it is an

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important part of being a good student and responsible. Because by applying this, we can make a

healthy and zero waste not only for Senior High School Students who will benefited from it, but

the whole school environment will, because they’re sharing a beautiful school where cleanliness

and orderliness should be maintained.

Poor waste disposal practices can lead to communicable diseases basically

within developing countries. In Africa and Southeast Asia, 62% and 31% of all deaths are caused

by infectious disease. In developing countries, primary causes of morbidity and mortality among

young children are acute respiratory and intestinal infections. School is place which not only

provides education to children but also learning environment. Personal hygiene and

responsibility play a major role to promote healthy life. This study was performed to assess the

current level of knowledge and practicing behavior in regard to throwing trash in a proper place,

segregating, recycling, and cleaning the room before leaving and washing hands.

SYNTHESIS OF THE ART

The school’s cleanliness and proper waste disposal plays a vital role in

maintaining and improving responsibility and discipline among the students including their

academic track where they belong into. the theory of planned behavior was all about an

environmental behavior use to predict a person’s intent in participating in a specified behavior, it

was said accordingly to them that it has been used successfully by many researchers in

environmental behavior by exploring attitudes that traces their correlation of beliefs that

correlates to their behavior. In this theory of them it observes the environment or your

surrounding behavior which is just by predicting a one’s person mind or their intent. A person’s

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attitude can be positive negative or neutral views, which show one’s likes and dislikes for

someone or something

The theory of planned behavior helps to evaluate on human behavior when

participating or creating a decision that are voluntary and under individual control, this theory

helps them to create and form their own idea by making a decision which can be voluntary and

the researchers think that this can relate to the learners behavior whether they decide to help in

cleaning or just let it be. The term ‘behavior’ can be described as the way of conducting oneself.

It is the manner of acting or controlling oneself towards other people. It is the range of actions,

responses, and mannerisms set by an individual, system or organization in association with

themselves or their environment, in any circumstances.

In Ajzen & Fishbein, (1980) their concept of the relationship between attitude

and associated human behavior has been a topic of interest among researchers for years, their

theories have been very useful to the research papers and topics to the researchers because of

their wide ideas that helped many researchers already. Attitude to certain concept may be defined

as an individual or groups of individual. Attitude refers to a person's mental view, regarding the

way he/she thinks or feels about someone or something and it is also is defined by the way we

perceive things whereas, while Behavior implies the actions, moves, conduct or functions of an

individual or group towards other persons, a behavior is ruled by social norms and it is a human

trait but as an inborn attribute also. Attitudes play a major role in acceptance of environmental

policies or management actions by the public, and conservationists in particular. The Theory of

Planned Behavior posits that intentions lead to behavior; however, intentions do not always

guarantee behavior. For example, someone might intend to meditate everyday but not follow

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through. There are several factors that influence the strength of the relationship between

intentions and behavior.

GAP TO BE BRIDGED BY THE STUDY

This study aimed to determine the Effective Waste Disposal that the random

grade 11 Senior High School Students of GENECOM can be use and practice to maintain and

improve the cleanliness of the school environment.

This research have gathered and conducted important information and data that

are related and included to our research study. This study was also conducted to know the

different practices that are being used to maintain the cleanliness of senior high school student

classrooms and environment. And as a researcher, we are obliged to find out all the practices that

the senior high school student have been doing to maintain the cleanliness of their classrooms.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Theory of Planned Behaviour has been widely used in environmental

behaviour research to predict a person‘s intent to participate in a specified behaviour (Gamba &

Oskamp, 1994,Scott & Willets, 1994, Kuhlemier, Van den Berg, & Lagerweij 1999, Grodzinska-

Jurczak, Agata, 2003). TPB has been used successfully empirically and conceptually by many

researchers in environmental behavior in exploring attitudes that trace the correlation of beliefs

to behavior. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) states that what an individual is doing is

determined by personal motivation which is determined by attitude, social support and perceived

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behavioral control. Many studies other have used the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and its

extension, the Theory Planned Behavior (TPB), as a framework for understanding, explaining

and predicting behaviors and also providing a useful guide for designing intervention strategies

to change or maintain behaviors. The theory is based on an assumption that behavioral intentions

of an individual are directly related to their attitudes. The TRA indicated that a person‘s intention

to perform (or not perform) as the immediate determinant of the action. According to (Ajzen &

Fishbein, 1980) The beliefs that underlie a person‘s attitude toward the behavior are behavioral

beliefs, and those that underlie the subjective norm are the normative beliefs. These factors are

grounded by the person perception of social, personal, and situational consequences of the

specified action. According to Ajzen 1985, Maddan, Ellen & Ajzen, 1992 Ajzen & Driver, 1992

TPB helps in better evaluate on of human behavior when participation decisions are voluntary

and under an individual control.

According to Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980, the concept of the relationship between

attitude and associated human behaviour has been a topic of interest among researchers for years.

Attitude to a certain concept may be defined as an individual or group of individuals, general

feeling of favourable or unfavourable for that concept. A lot of significant studies of knowledge

and attitudes have found a positive and often significant relationship between the two variables.

In a study of the effectiveness of a visitor education strategy in raising levels of knowledge and

attitudes toward nature conservation.

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THEORETICAL PARADIGM

Theory of Planned Behavior

(Gamba & Oskamp, 1994)

Environmental Intervention Perceived Behavioral

Behavior strategies Control

Strategies in raising levels of

knowledge and attitudes towards nature
conservation.

figure 1: theoretical paradigm

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptual Framework is intended to give a complete discussion of the concepts found in

the study. The researchers have used IPO model to create the conceptual paradigm. The input is

involved of three variables, the practices used to clean the school, the issues and concerns the

school has been facing in terms of this topic and to determine the effective waste disposal that

SHS students have been doing. And these will now then be processed through collection of data

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through three sets of questionnaires and then will be analyze and interpreted after that the output

will be the findings and result will be presented. Once it is fixed, the practices used to clean the

school, the issues and concerns that the school have been facing in terms of this topic and, to

determine the effective waste disposal that random SHS students have been doing will be

determined.

CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT
-To determine the
practices used in To determine the
-a survey Effective Waste
school.
questionnaire will be Disposal and Practices
- To identify the used where the used for Sanitation and
school's issues and respective cleanlines by Random
concerns. respondents will be Senior High School of
-To determine the asked to answer GENECOM Institute
Effective Waste three sets of of Science &
Disposal and Practices questions which will Technology, Inc.
used for Sanitation and corresponds based
cleanliness by Senior
High School Students on how often or
of GENECOM rarely they practice
Institute of Science & it.
Technology, Inc.

figure 1: conceptual paradigm

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 REFERENCES

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

This chapter describes the methodology of the study. The researchers have

gathered all the information that is related to our study including the data analysis and collection

of data as well as the sources of data. In this study, methodology have been used to fully identify

and find out the steps and processes that will lead to have an Effective Waste Disposal and

Practices Used for Sanitation and Cleanliness by Grade 11 Senior High School Students of

GENECOM Institute of Science and Technology, Inc.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used the qualitative research design in gathering the needed

information for this study. This method helped the researchers to gather their studies as well the

findings and to give recommendations or suggestions for the following parts. Specifically, the

researchers have created a type of evaluative research method questionnaire which can be
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answered by the respondents of the study. This enable the researchers to gather information

easily from the surveys that they can get from the respective respondents and the respondents

will be able to answer easily which is required and important to the researchers to have

information regarding on assessing what methods can be still used to prevent and maintain the

Effective Waste Disposal by random Grade 11 Senior High School Students of GENECOM

Institute of Science and Technology Inc.

RESEARCH METHOD

The researchers have used methodological approach wherein the researcher

intends to carry out this research study from the specified or known methods. The researchers

will go interview the selective respondents while observing their actions they do when cleaning.

We also used qualitative method wherein we intended to combine this method all together to

achieve a perfect gathering process. The researchers have gathered information online through

different kinds of sources like Google Scholar which have helped us to conduct the related

literature and studies and some other recommendations that summed up, while in data analysis,

the researchers have paraphrased the collected data based in our own interpretation and

understanding the collected data. By this method that the researchers have used, this will

benefited a lot of people because this study really means a lot to know and improve the

cleanliness of the school as well as the sanitation and how they dispose their trash after cleaning.

The applied methodological approach is very useful because it is combined of observations and

interview where it will be more convenient for the researchers to obtain a great outcome which

would benefit a lot of people inside the school.

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RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents of the study are the random grade 11 Senior High School

Students of GENECOM Institute of Science and Technology, Inc. to identify the practices and

methods they apply and use inside and outside of their classroom. They are required to answer

and must supply the information that the researchers need.

They are the respondents because the researchers want to know their answers,

recommendations and perceptions about the methods and processes which can contribute to help

maintain the cleanliness and orderliness of the school. By implementing this we can assure that

every student will be keep focused in their studies and will avoid catching different kinds of

virus that they can possibly get from dirty and crowded places that are not being cleaned,

sanitized and monitored.

SOURCES OF DATA

This study combined the use of qualitative primary and secondary sources of

data which is used by the researchers in gathering information and other resources. The primary

data of this study were not defined yet since the numbers of Senior High School student of

GENECOM Institute of Science and Technology, Inc. are high so the researchers will randomly

pick few students from each strand that will cooperate with in terms of answering the guided

questionnaires provided by the researchers. On the other hand, the secondary qualitative used by

the researchers were collected from the secondary sources which are from the internet, books and

more.

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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The collected data was analyzed using qualitative data analysis. Data will be

collected through survey questionnaires from the selective Senior High School Student from the

cleaners of each academic track and was analyzed qualitatively. The key points emerging from

the interviews were reported in narrative form based on the research questions.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers will use questionnaire that will be given to the random Grade

11 students where they will give their answers to the questions. The respondents will freely and

honestly check the scale. The scale is estimated from 1-5, the 1 shows the poorest or the lowest

and the 5 is the average or the highest. The survey questionnaires will determine the processes to

have an Effective Waste disposal to help school maintain/ improve its cleanliness and to help

also the janitors to clean together with the sanitation process that happens inside the school for

the sake of all the Students of GENECOM Institute of Science and Technology, Inc.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

As soon as the researchers combined and added the data they have gathered,

organized and tabulated they were subject to statistical treatment in order for respondents to

answer the questions provided in this study. This statistical treatment helps in order to answer the

questions proposed in the study while statistical tools are employed were the frequency

distribution, percentage and the results will be able to add with the Grade 11(Senior High School

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students) in the given survey questionnaire as the art of statistical treatment finding the methods

and process which could help to implement the effective waste disposal and the processes to

maintain the cleanliness of senior high school students classrooms.

1. For percentage computation is:

%=f/nx45

Where:

%= percentage

F= number of respondents for every item

N= total number of respondents

2. For weighted mean is:

WM=TWF/N

Where

WM= stands for weighted mean

F= frequencies

W= weighted

TWF= weighted frequency

N= total number of respondents

The table of equivalent which is the basis of interpretations of the data will be: (Tan 2006).

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 Weight Scale Verbal interpretation
4.5 above 5 Strongly agree
3.5-4.49 4 Agree
2.5-3.49 3 Moderately agree
1.5-2.49 2 Disagree
Below 1.49 1 Strongly disagree

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Title: The Effective Waste Disposal and Practices used for Sanitation and Cleanliness by
Random Grade 11 Senior High School Students of GENECOM Institute of Science and
Technology, Inc.

A. Demographic

Name:

Age:

Strand:

B. Direction: Put a check mark on the box provided below that corresponds to your opinion or
answer.

1. What are the practices you use in terms of:

a.) Waste Disposal

 Segregation
 Recycling
 Collecting
Others (specify): __________________

b.) Sanitation

 Running some tests (Swab Tests/Antigens)

 Alcohol/ Hand Sanitizers
 Washing hands
Others (specify): __________________

c.) Cleanliness

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  Sweeping floor
 Mopping floor
 Wiping windows
 Collecting waste and throwing it into trash bins

Others (specify): __________________

2. What are the school’s issues and concerns in terms of:

a.) Waste disposal

 Not segregated well

 Smell
 Carrying capacity of the trash bins
 Not enough plastic bags/ trash bins
 Shortage of cleaning materials

Others (specify): __________________

b.) Sanitation

 Not well monitored

 Poor process and methods
 Insufficient sanitation materials
 Not properly practiced

Others (specify): __________________

c.) Cleanliness

 Lacks of discipline
 Scheduled cleaners run away
 Not enough cleaning materials
 Can’t identify the scheduled cleaners

Others (specify): __________________

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3. Put a CHECK mark on the blank table provided below that corresponds to your opinion or
answer. Below are the codes that best describes your opinion.

5-always 4-often 3- seldom 2-rarely 1-never

What are the effective waste 5 4 3 2 1

disposal and practices used
for Sanitation and
Cleanliness by Grade 11
Senior High School Students Always Often Seldom Rarely Never
of GENECOM Institute of
Science and Technology, Inc.

I make sure that the

collected garbage are
well disposed and
segregated

I maintain that my hands

are always clean

I maintain the
cleanliness and
orderliness of my
classroom

I wear face mask and

follow social distancing
at all times

I don’t make excuse

when it’s my scheduled
cleaning day

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I avoid making a mess
to lessen the work of
cleaners or school
janitors

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