17.

18iii器 iiiiiiiiiiiiii.in
3silt 35i5i If til

30 Im Et Z
Imlcxyi 2 lxtyi 2
Imfx 2 2xyitx2_y 2xyi Im 2x2272 0

X 36 z2 4Z Z Xtiy
2
X iy 41Xtiy1

1 2 2Xyi y2 4Xt4it
1 x _y7til 2Xy 4x i4y

1 y2 4X_ if yto 比4 x 2 x2y2 4x 1 4y2 8 y2 12 y 125 Z 2 23i

1x
2Xy 44 ity o x 4x X 4v0 Z 4 v0
Z 0 v4 v 2 253i

38 Fz 3 4i Z Xtiy

1 器 3 4i
1 Xtiy 3 4i Hxtiy 3 3x 3iy 4it 4ix 4y
3X4y 3 ti 4x 3y 4

1 3X 42 7
X i y 51
12 4 32 4 器点 4
Z f tfi
17.2
16 Z Ekosiitisin年1 ZrsciosiitisinE
ZiZz Floslti tisinlitn
F cos isin Éti 22
Z
2 号 oslii_i tisin E i
ios it isin rti.GE

20 Zirtii zilcos李tisin

Z2 1tsú 2 cos 不tisiniv

1
量 E c.sli.ir tisinli_ 在
E cos tisini
Exit i.r.IE Etii

X30 Z tti r osiftisin i

Wk r 102tisin0與 where ko 1 2 n1

we have n 3 0 ㄤ r E
在
1 Wk 2 105 tisin 中
2 cos lift itiv tisinlittfk for k 0 1 2

Wo 2 6 101iǐtisin平

26 costtisin f W W
ii
W2 2 Cio it sing
Wz
 34 28.224 1 0

24 2 22411 0

Z4 1 0

1 ztiǐlz 1ǐ 0

2
Z41 2 Z 1 Z 1 0

Therootsfor Cztl o are t 1

Theroots fr Zt o are 1.1

For Z411 0 Z 1 下
klcosntisin

Wk v cos0
與 tisin0哭 where k oil nl

wehave n 2 0下 r l

Wo 1 lo it isinE i

Wi 1 Liosziutisin I i

1 ti t.tn t.rs 1 ru il r5 i.ro i.tn i to i

17.3
8 1Ztztzil 2 n 1Z E2 2i 1 2 a circlethatoriginat 2 2 andradiusis 2

1 1 1 1 1 X
I
1 27
16 ImlÈ I let Zixtyi

in Imlz i C i
1 2y X'ty2 1 x2 2yty so
2
4 1 271

八y

11111111
niiiiind
24 1Relz1 lzl LetZextyi
1ㄨ1 i Txy
y'so the inequilityholdstruefor all complexnumbers

26 1Z iltlztililnlz iltlz Cizl

ilandlz lZ
cillreprensentthedistan.eefrom Z to í and i

i e Z t.co 1 and lo 1 on complexplane

the equ Z i1 1Z i 1 1 is describe

that the distaniefrom xy1to o 1 plus x yltlo 1 is 1

but it isimpossible 1 the set satisfiedtheequ is
17.4
12 HE Zt
Let Z Xtiy
Z4 Xtiy4 xtig xtiy
x tzixyy x4zixy y

x4 2ix'y xiy2 2ix32 4Xly2_zixy _xy 2ixyty4

x4 6x2 ty4 i 4 32 4xy3

1 ulx.it x4
6x'y2ty
4x3y
Vlx
yl

4xy X30f z Z5 3iZ3 lZ4tiz 2Z 6iZ

Z9 iz8 2 3i Z tC3 6i Z tliz5 18Z4
了
f z 928 8iZ 14 21i Z 1816Z5 3oiz4 72Z

34 HE 選
1021 1327
f 2
2iiij
102 3Z3 1
23tziijizt 524tzijiz
 38 fcz z 器
百
both s El Z 4 3i andhZ Z 62 25 is polynomial complexfunction

1 g2 hlz are entire function

flzl will be hot analyti onlywhen Z262 25 0

Z2 62 25 0 Let Z Xtiy

lxtiy 6 xtiy 25 0

1 x'tlixyy 6X 6iy 25 0
1 x2 26xt25
i zxy 6y 0

6 25 0 ity X 3 it y 0 x2.6 25 0
1 1XY 9 y2 1825 0
xyty o
y2 16 y 4
X 6IÍT 合
不

X 3 y 14 Z 3 4i

40 flz lzl LetZ Xtiy

f Z 1 xtiyll x2y2
LetOZ 0Xti04 flztozl fZ xtoxptcytoyi xiy2
2Xoxtoxtzyoytoy2

approachalonghorizontal
line X 0 oy 0 oz ox

hunt12102 式
wtlzoit12 f 2oxytox
Go2Xtox 2X
approach along verticalline oy eo.oxo.oZ

io otozn.tl
go i lieogiog 以 ziy

i lzl only differentiable when 2X 2iy which impliesthat

x y 0 Z 0
i tlz lzl is differentiable at z

17.5
6 Hz E2 Z xtiy
Z X yi Ē xyikxyi
X Lixy y2 x2y2 zixy

uixyytivcx.y ulx.gl
x2y v1Xy 2xy

2X 發 tx 等 zy 發 2y

flzlsatisfyCRE only when Xy 0 2x 2X zy zy

NZ satisfying fcz Edifferentiable inNCZ

1 fcz is notanalytic at anypoint

Xze fcz X Xtytify2 5y X U x y tivcxyl

U xy x2 xty U xy y2 5y X
zx 1 v2 5
器 1 我 1

器 發 at anypoint
 發 when
zx 1 24 5 1 x y 2 y X27
i tlxl is notanalytiiat anypoint but differentiablealong 2 Xtz

28 uixy e xosy_ysiny

2
eyx.ly_ysiny texcosy 第 表exlcxtllosyysiny7 exllxtlkiyysinytexcosy

器 exfxsiny sinytycosy 前u 產 eycx1 siny_yiosy

e
Y x 1 losy_losy ysiny
2
幾 發 2 eylxtlknyysinytexcosyteyc x lllosy fosy y.siny
eyxusytcosy ysinytcosy xioiy csy.usytysiny
0

1 U xy satisties Laplait'sexu ucxy isharmonicfunction

Let v1yy be lonjugateharmeninfunction of Uixy

1 fizl ucxy tivlx y is analytic

發 發 exxiy_ysinyjtexcosy

1我 器 _exfxsiny sinytycosy

1 V ex xsinytyusys.my teXsinythix1

發 eycxsinytyoiy_sing exsinytexsinythiyl
2 _exfxsiny_ sinytycosy

exxsinytexylsytexsinyth 1 h'lxl 0 1 h1X C

i fcz u x y tikxig

e xosy ysiny tilexxsinyteyoiytc

 29
flz Z2 Xtiy X 2ixy y2
x y 2ixy
Ulx y tiucxy

u x y1 x y C xy 244 Cz

Both are the families othperbolas

17.6
28 Z sti
lu Z lnlzltiargcz
ln2ti ōin
0.6932 1ǕtznE í

38 e2EteEt1 0

Let w E 1 w W 1 0
w
ttiit tfi z Éi
Z ln W lnltiltitn i 在th
42 α 3i Z 1t.si
2
Zα exl ln Z lnztilitzn下
exlnzexilitzn不1
在
exllnztilitzn
3 2n下
e3ilnze
2
e cosfslnz tisincsln2

l 6 fo 487 0.873i n 0 1 2

0.487 0.873i 0.210 o038i

Z e

46 If Z i Zz i 雲 1
Ln Zilzz Ln t iArgl1 i不

Lnlz lnltiArg i in
Ln 22 lnlti Arg i j
Lnlzil Lnlzz in LnlEyzz i

48 Z i X i β 2 lnZ iarg r ilstzn

不
iizα exlnz eiilitznt e citzn
2 it2nF 4nk
Zxp ii
2
lli 2
e e

Z á α 2i.hn Z iars i i ǏtznF

Z 下 It4n
Zα exh eziilitn itink
2 e
i e
2
from 1 ii iti
 Let Z i α i.lu Z lnliltiargli
i argc1 iCntznk
2 ˋ Ltn CT4nN
i2 i
zα exlnz eiilk e e izi

17.7 e'e elcsztisin3

12 coshczt3i

e
Ǐte
in3
e2Lantis tisint31
tēfcost3

3
egte tiésinz_esin3

3.7245 0.5118i

14
Coslitien2
Cosioshlln2 isin E sinhlln2

isinhlln2 i die i 222 率

22 sinz sinxloshyticosxsinht Otisinz

sinxoshy 0 cosxsinhysinh2

it xn下 n 0 2 sinx if
Cosx Cosnk 11
sintx
ge
when n is even cosxsinhy sinhy sinh2 1 y2

竺
Csxsinhy sinhytsinh2
when n isodd 竺
立
 2i C K 0 I1 2
1Z ZKThi v 2kt1

17.8
6 cos zi ilnlziti 5
_ienlkir i
_iflnlztrsltiarg 2 F i

i lnltr5 ticztzn下1 villnlr21tólǐtzn下1

2nF
lnlztE 2 2nF ulnloō2 E
lnlzt5 2 2nF no I1 2

tnF 2 ln 器 lnzie
lnlztE

Tench

11 proveariiolatep.int of S is a boundarypoint of s
The definition of isolatepoint is X is an isolatepointof S
Tt XES n NIX sh Nlxliontaini no otherpoint ofs 5
thereis atleastonejointESC
Which means it x is an isolatepoint x S and Nlx

有 Nx1內完全無5內的點 喜ǎiypǎh
譅真嚮的點in全為5的點
point of5
NCX intains atleastone
XES 1 X 5 by xts and
1 X is boundarypoint of S because Nkxl Nix containsatleastonepointEsc

and atleastonepoint sc
17
a 75 is closed

JS 5n 5 i both5and 5 is close set

There intersection it 25 is close too

b 5 is open
Let a point pE5 1 P is interiorpoint of

e NE P CS forsome E T 0 NEP is an openset

i Allpointsin NECP is interiorpointofNECP ie qENEIP

Ns i CNECP forsome
po nNsi ENECP ES qisnteriorpointofS

allpointsinNeIP isinteriorpointofS 1NoIP 5 forsome E

It's holdtruefor all p ES

1Allpoints in 5 is interiorpointof5 5 i open

c The exterior of S is open

Let exteriorpointsofStrmsasel E
For a point PEE NEIPontaintsnopointof S forsome E

1 NEP CS'forsome i Pisinteriorpint ofSC

E S1 we haveshownthatthesetof
interiorpoint otaset

is open in b i E is open
 d The limit points ots forms a doseset

Let limitpointsofSformsa set L

Suppose X.is limitpoint of L then given Eso XELs.tlx x.kz x ENix
x EL it is a limitpoint of S 1 1x_xk forsome xE S x'ENix

1x Xol 1x_x 1x_x 1 1x_xIt1X_Xok It Í E XENECX

Xo is alsoalimitpointof S 1 xEL
L contains all itslimitpoint i L is a doseset

e 5 5
5 SU 2s is a close set
The definition of a close set that it Til a closeset then itt T T
7 5 si

Churchill

4
a1 下
下Iauglzlc Zto

1 gylyx
 b IReIEIILIZI
XLittle X 1 ocy hold trueforwhole complexplane
cxkky2

1
㥊
ReCÉ
2
È x
Del
峳 i
2X x ty 1 lx 1 t y 1

11

d Re E 70

Z xtiy z2 x y tzixy

Re E X y tooX 0 X y for Xo x22

0yyx's 应
川
州
111111
 8 prove that if aset lontainieach of its aiumulationpoints then it mustbeclosedset

Lel S be a set whichcontains each of its accumulationpoint

Let Z a boundarypoint of S
Z is a boundary point of S it means for anyE 0 wecanfind a pointEs and apoint 5

Tn Na z Let Wbe allpointexcept z in Nal

it there is no point in W belongsto s then ZES bythedefinition ofboundary point

if there is at least one point in Wbelonsstos thenZ bythedefinition of limitpoint

is a limitpointofS 1 ZES bythe assumption
hence
inany way Z must belongto S which means all boundary pointof S
belong to S S is a close set