PVSYST V6.

81 12/05/23 Page 1/6

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : Derby
Geographical Site Derby_UK Country United Kingdom
Situation Latitude 52.91° N Longitude -1.43° W
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT Altitude 0 m
Albedo 0.10
Meteo data: Derby_UK Meteonorm 7.2 (2004-2013), Sat=37% - Synthetic

Simulation variant : Derby

Simulation date 12/05/23 10h22

Simulation parameters System type No 3D scene defined, no shadings

2 orientations tilts/azimuths 12°/135° and 12°/-45°
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings No Shadings
User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

PV Arrays Characteristics (8 kinds of array defined)

PV module Si-mono Model RCM-540-7MF
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer RECOM
Sub-array "Sub-array #1" Mixed orient. #1/2: 8/8 strings Tilt/Azimuth 12°/135°, 12°/-45°
Number of PV modules In series 16 modules In parallel 16 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 256 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 138 kWp At operating cond. 126 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 604 V I mpp 209 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #2" Mixed orient. #1/2: 6/6 strings Tilt/Azimuth 12°/135°, 12°/-45°
Number of PV modules In series 14 modules In parallel 12 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 168 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 90.7 kWp At operating cond. 82.6 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 528 V I mpp 156 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #3" Mixed orient. #1 Tilt/Azimuth 12°/135°
Number of PV modules In series 17 modules In parallel 8 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 136 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 73.4 kWp At operating cond. 66.9 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 641 V I mpp 104 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #4" Mixed orient. #1 Tilt/Azimuth 12°/135°
Number of PV modules In series 16 modules In parallel 2 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 32 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 17.28 kWp At operating cond. 15.73 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 604 V I mpp 26 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #5" Mixed orient. #1 Tilt/Azimuth 12°/135°
Number of PV modules In series 14 modules In parallel 2 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 28 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 15.12 kWp At operating cond. 13.77 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 528 V I mpp 26 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #6" Mixed orient. #2 Tilt/Azimuth 12°/-45°
Number of PV modules In series 17 modules In parallel 8 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 136 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 73.4 kWp At operating cond. 66.9 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 641 V I mpp 104 A
PVSYST V6.81 12/05/23 Page 2/6

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Sub-array "Sub-array #7" Mixed orient. #2 Tilt/Azimuth 12°/-45°
Number of PV modules In series 16 modules In parallel 2 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 32 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 17.28 kWp At operating cond. 15.73 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 604 V I mpp 26 A
Sub-array "Sub-array #8" Mixed orient. #2 Tilt/Azimuth 12°/-45°
Number of PV modules In series 14 modules In parallel 2 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 28 Unit Nom. Power 540 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 15.12 kWp At operating cond. 13.77 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 528 V I mpp 26 A
Total Arrays global power Nominal (STC) 441 kWp Total 816 modules
Module area 2109 m² Cell area 1619 m²

Inverter Model Sunny Tripower Core2 prelim

Custom parameters definition Manufacturer SMA
Characteristics Operating Voltage 500-800 V Unit Nom. Power 110 kWac
Sub-array "Sub-array #1" Nb. of inverters 14 * MPPT 9 % Total Power 133 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.04
Sub-array "Sub-array #2" Nb. of inverters 10 * MPPT 8 % Total Power 87 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.04
Sub-array "Sub-array #3" Nb. of inverters 8 * MPPT 9 % Total Power 76 kWac
Pnom ratio 0.96
Sub-array "Sub-array #4" Nb. of inverters 2 * MPPT 8 % Total Power 18.0 kWac
Pnom ratio 0.96
Sub-array "Sub-array #5" Nb. of inverters 2 * MPPT 7 % Total Power 15.7 kWac
Pnom ratio 0.96
Sub-array "Sub-array #6" Nb. of inverters 8 * MPPT 9 % Total Power 76 kWac
Pnom ratio 0.96
Sub-array "Sub-array #7" Nb. of inverters 2 * MPPT 8 % Total Power 18.0 kWac
Pnom ratio 0.96
Sub-array "Sub-array #8" Nb. of inverters 2 * MPPT 7 % Total Power 15.7 kWac
Pnom ratio 0.96
Total Nb. of inverters 4 Total Power 440 kWac

PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 25.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Array#1 48 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#2 56 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#3 102 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#4 383 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#5 335 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#6 102 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#7 383 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Array#8 335 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Global Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Serie Diode Loss Voltage Drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction 0.1 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05
PVSYST V6.81 12/05/23 Page 3/6

Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : Derby
Simulation variant : Derby
Main system parameters System type No 3D scene defined, no shadings
PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 12°/135° and 12°/-45°
PV modules Model RCM-540-7MF Pnom 540 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 816 Pnom total 441 kWp
Inverter Model Sunny Tripower Core2 prelim 110 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 4.0 Pnom total 440 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 350.4 MWh/year Specific prod. 795 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 82.29 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 441 kWp Performance Ratio PR

6 1.0
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.4 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.823
0.9
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.07 kWh/kWp/day
5 Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 2.18 kWh/kWp/day
0.8
[kWh/kWp/day]

0.7
4
Performance Ratio PR

0.6
Energy

3 0.5

0.4
Normalized

2
0.3

0.2
1

0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Derby
Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh
January 20.9 13.36 4.99 20.7 19.0 7.45 7.01 0.767
February 33.5 22.64 4.86 33.0 31.0 12.39 11.86 0.815
March 74.2 44.21 6.47 73.3 69.5 27.91 27.03 0.837
April 115.4 59.66 8.63 113.8 108.6 43.66 42.44 0.846
May 142.6 72.48 12.08 140.8 135.3 53.46 51.95 0.837
June 148.4 76.91 14.99 146.6 140.9 55.02 53.47 0.828
July 143.6 77.71 16.68 141.8 136.2 52.77 51.24 0.820
August 116.9 74.76 16.75 115.3 110.4 42.78 41.53 0.818
September 88.8 47.26 14.21 87.6 83.3 32.55 31.57 0.818
October 49.2 30.61 11.03 48.6 45.7 17.84 17.17 0.802
November 27.0 16.26 7.19 26.9 24.7 9.65 9.17 0.773
December 18.0 11.33 4.69 17.9 16.2 6.35 5.97 0.758
Year 978.4 547.19 10.25 966.4 920.7 361.82 350.41 0.823

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T_Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane PR Performance Ratio
PVSYST V6.81 12/05/23 Page 4/6

Grid-Connected System: Special graphs

Project : Derby
Simulation variant : Derby
Main system parameters System type No 3D scene defined, no shadings
PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 12°/135° and 12°/-45°
PV modules Model RCM-540-7MF Pnom 540 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 816 Pnom total 441 kWp
Inverter Model Sunny Tripower Core2 prelim 110 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 4.0 Pnom total 440 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Daily Input/Output diagram

3000
Values from 01/01 to 31/12

2500
[kWh/day]

2000
grid
into

1500
injected

1000
Energy

500

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m².day]

System Output Power Distribution

10000
Values from 01/01 to 31/12
Bin]

8000
/
[kWh

6000
grid
into
injected

4000
Energy

2000

0
0 100 200 300 400
Power injected into grid [kW]
PVSYST V6.81 12/05/23 Page 5/6

Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : Derby
Simulation variant : Derby
Main system parameters System type No 3D scene defined, no shadings
PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 12°/135° and 12°/-45°
PV modules Model RCM-540-7MF Pnom 540 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 816 Pnom total 441 kWp
Inverter Model Sunny Tripower Core2 prelim 110 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 4.0 Pnom total 440 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

978 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

-1.23% Global incident in coll. plane

-4.72% IAM factor on global

921 kWh/m² * 1619 m² Cells Effective irradiation on cells

efficiency at STC = 27.24% PV conversion

406.1 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-7.32% PV loss due to irradiance level

-0.66% PV loss due to temperature

+0.75% Module quality loss

-2.00% LID - Light induced degradation

-1.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings
-0.77% Ohmic wiring loss
0.00% Mixed orientation mismatch loss
362.3 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-3.06% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.12% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.06% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
-0.01% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
-0.03% Night consumption
350.4 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output
350.4 MWh Energy injected into grid
PVSYST V6.81 12/05/23 Page 6/6

Grid-Connected System: P50 - P90 evaluation

Project : Derby
Simulation variant : Derby
Main system parameters System type No 3D scene defined, no shadings
PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 12°/135° and 12°/-45°
PV modules Model RCM-540-7MF Pnom 540 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 816 Pnom total 441 kWp
Inverter Model Sunny Tripower Core2 prelim 110 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 4.0 Pnom total 440 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Evaluation of the Production probability forecast

The probability distribution of the system production forecast for different years is mainly dependent
on the meteo data used for the simulation, and depends on the following choices:
Meteo data source Meteonorm 7.2 (2004-2013), Sat=37%
Meteo data Kind Specific year Year Synthetic
Specified Deviation Year deviation from average 2.0 %
Year-to-year variability Variance 0.5 %

The probability distribution variance is also depending on some system parameters uncertainties
Specified Deviation PV module modelling/parameters 1.0 %
Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %
Global variability (meteo + system) Variance 1.9 % (quadratic sum)

Annual production probability Variability 6.4 MWh

P50 343.4 MWh
P90 335.2 MWh
P95 332.8 MWh

Probability distribution

0.50

0.45
P50 = 343401 kWh
0.40

0.35

0.30
Probability

0.25
E_Grid simul =
0.20 350409 kWh
P90 = 335163 kWh
0.15

0.10 P95 = 332845 kWh

0.05

0.00
325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000 355000 360000 365000
E_Grid system production kWh