AS/NZS 1328.

1:1998
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Glued laminated structural timber

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Part 1: Performance requirements and

minimum production requirements
 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998
This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee TM-004, Glued Timber Products. It was approved on behalf of the
Council of Standards Australia on 15 May 1998 and on behalf of the Council of
Standards New Zealand on 9 June 1998.
This Standard was published on 5 September 1998.

The following are represented on Committee TM-004:

A3P
BRANZ
CSIRO
Decorative Wood Veneers Association
Engineered Wood Products Association of Australasia
Forest Industries Association of Tasmania
Forests New South Wales
Glued Laminated Timber Association of Australia
Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand
Monash University
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New Zealand Pine Manufacturers Association

New Zealand Timber Industry Federation
Scion
Structural Engineered Timber Manufacturers Association
Timber Queensland

Additional Interests:

Pr Bob Milner

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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 91057 (in part) in
Australia and DZ 3606:Part 1 in New Zealand.
 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Glued laminated structural timber

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Part 1: Performance requirements and

minimum production requirements

Originated in Australia as part of AS 1328—1972.

Previous edition AS 1328—1987.
Originated in New Zealand as part of NZS 3606:1979.
AS 1328—1987 and NZS 3606:1979 jointly revised, amalgamated and
redesignated in part as AS/NZS 1328.1:1998.
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (March 2011).

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia Limited/Standards New Zealand
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
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(Australia) or the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand).
Jointly published by SAI Global Limited under licence from Standards Australia Limited,
GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001 and by Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439,
Wellington 6140

ISBN 0 7337 1633 4

 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 2

PREFACE
This Australian/New Zealand joint Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee
TM/4 Glued timber products. It is based on performance based BS EN 386:1995 Glued
laminated timber—Performance requirements and minimum production requirements which
has been amended only where necessary to comply with Australian and New Zealand
requirements. It supersedes AS 1328—1987 and NZS 3606:1987.
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (March 2011). The changes required by the
Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the
clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.
Glued laminated timber is obtained by bonding together a number of laminations having
their grain essentially parallel. In this way a member with a rectangular solid cross section
can be produced.
The requirements cover timber quality, the strength of end-joints and face-joints between
laminations, and adhesive type which is related to Service Classes 1, 2 and 3. Service
Class 3 requires weather resistant adhesives and may also require preservative treated
timber. The requirements for the adhesives are given in AS/NZS 4364.
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 3 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

CONTENTS

Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 5
1.4 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................... 7

SECTION 2 REQUIREMENTS
2.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 TIMBER...................................................................................................................... 8
2.3 ADHESIVES ............................................................................................................... 8
2.4 COMPLETED GLULAM............................................................................................ 8
2.5 END JOINTS............................................................................................................... 9
2.6 GLUELINE INTEGRITY.......................................................................................... 10
2.7 FINISHING ............................................................................................................... 12

SECTION 3 MANUFACTURING PROCEDURES

3.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 14
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3.2 PRODUCTION CONDITIONS................................................................................. 14

3.2.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 14
3.2.2 PREMISES.................................................................................................... 14
3.2.3 EQUIPMENT................................................................................................ 14
3.3 MATERIALS AND PROCESSES............................................................................. 15
3.3.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 15
3.3.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR LAMINATION THICKNESS OF
CURVED MEMBERS .................................................................................. 15
3.3.3 ADHESIVES................................................................................................. 15

SECTION 4 QUALITY CONTROL

4.1 FACTORY PRODUCTION CONTROL (INTERNAL CONTROL)......................... 16
4.1.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 16
4.1.2 PRODUCTION RECORD............................................................................. 16
4.1.3 END JOINTS ................................................................................................ 17
4.1.4 FACE JOINTS............................................................................................... 17
4.2 ORGANIZATION OF FACTORY PRODUCTION CONTROL............................... 17
4.2.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 17
4.2.2 MANAGEMENT REPRESENTATIVE FOR
FACTORY PRODUCTION CONTROL....................................................... 17
4.2.3 MANAGEMENT REVIEW........................................................................... 18
4.3 DOCUMENTATION OF THE QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM ............................ 18
4.4 INSPECTION AND TESTING ................................................................................. 19
4.4.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 19
4.4.2 ACTION IN CASE OF NON-CONFORMITY ............................................. 19
4.4.3 CONTROL OF NON-CONFORMING GLULAM........................................ 19

SECTION 5 MARKING ........................................................................................................ 20

APPENDICES
A ADHESIVES ............................................................................................................. 21
B METHODS OF TEST—CLEAVAGE OF GLUED JOINTS ..................................... 22
B1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................... 22
B2 PRINCIPLE ....................................................................................................... 22
B3 APPARATUS..................................................................................................... 22
B4 PREPARATION FO TEST SPECIMENS.......................................................... 22
B5 PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 24
B6 RESULTS........................................................................................................... 24
 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 4

C DELAMINATION TEST OF GLUELINES .............................................................. 25

C1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................... 25
C2 PRINCIPLE ....................................................................................................... 25
C3 APPARATUS..................................................................................................... 25
C4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS.......................................................... 25
C5 PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 26
C6 RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 27
D SHEAR TEST OF GLUELINES ............................................................................... 29
D1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................... 29
D2 PRINCIPLE ....................................................................................................... 29
D3 APPARATUS..................................................................................................... 29
D4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS.......................................................... 30
D5 PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 33
D6 RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 34
E THIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION........................................................................... 35
E1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................... 35
E2 PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 35

TABLES

2.1 QUALIFICATION AND ROUTINE TEST PROCEDURES..................................... 11

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2.2 MAXIMUM VALUES FOR THE TOTAL DELAMINATION

PERCENTAGES ....................................................................................................... 11
2.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOOD FAILURE PERCENTAGES,
WFP AND BLOCK SHEAR STRENGTH fS ............................................................. 12
2.4 TOLERANCE AND OVERLAP LIMITS FOR APPEARANCE
GRADE C GLULAM ................................................................................................ 13
A1 TYPE OF ADHESIVE FOR GIVEN SERVICE CONDITIONS ............................... 21
C1 CLIMATE IN THE DRYING DUCT FOR THE
DIFFERENT METHODS.......................................................................................... 25
C2 NUMBER OF TEST CYCLES TO BE USED IN THE DIFFERENT
TEST METHODS...................................................................................................... 26
D1 NUMBER OF TEST BARS....................................................................................... 31

FIGURES

1.1 GLUELINES IN CROSS SECTIONS SHOWING THE NORMAL

POSITION OF THE GLUELINES .............................................................................. 6
2.1 OVERLAP OF LAMINATIONS............................................................................... 13
B1 SPECIMEN ORIENTATION .................................................................................... 22
B2 CUTTING GLUELINE ............................................................................................. 23
B3 CLEAVAGE OF TEST SPECIMEN ......................................................................... 24
C1 TEST SPECIMEN CUT FROM A GLULAM MEMBER ......................................... 26
D1 SHEARING TOOL WITH A TEST BAR INSERTED.............................................. 29
D2 THE NORMAL TEST SPECIMEN, A TEST BAR, AND THE
NUMBERING OF THE INDIVIDUAL GLUELINES FOR A
TEST BAR CUT AT THE BOTTOM OF THE CROSS SECTION .......................... 30
D3 A DRILL CORE WITH MACHINED PARALLEL
PLANE SURFACES ................................................................................................. 30
D4 TEST BARS TO BE CUT FROM A FULL CROSS-SECTIONAL
SPECIMEN ............................................................................................................... 32
D5 SUGGESTED IDENTIFICATION SHOWING THE LOCATION
OF THE TEST BARS IN THE CROSS SECTION IN A
MEMBER GLUED HORIZONTALLY..................................................................... 32
D6 ADDITIONAL IDENTIFICATION WITH NUMBERS
SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE GLULAM MEMBER
DURING THE CRAMPING ..................................................................................... 33
 5 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian/New Zealand Standard

Glued laminated structural timber

Part 1: Performance requirements and minimum production requirements

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies performance requirements for glued laminated timber members for
structural use, and the minimum requirements for the production of such members.

1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
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A1 AS
2082 Timber—Hardwood—Visually stress-graded for structural purposes
2796 Timber—Hardwood—Sawn and milled products (All Parts)
2858 Timber—Softwood—Visually graded for structural purposes
AS/NZS
1328 Glued laminated structural timber
1328.2 Guidelines for AS/NZS 1328: Part 1 for the selection, design, production and
installation of glued laminated structural timber
1748 Timber—Mechanically stress-graded for structural purposes
4063 Characterization of structural timber (all Parts)
4364 Timber—Bond performance of structural adhesives
5068 Timber—Finger joints in structural products—Production requirements
NZS
3631 New Zealand timber grading rules

1.3 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions below apply:
1.3.1 Adhesive type
adhesive types I and II as defined in AS/NZS 4364.
1.3.2 Appearance grades
defines the surface characteristics of the finished beams.
1.3.3 Delaminated length
the sum of lengths of open gluelines on both end-grain surfaces of each test specimen.
1.3.4 Drill core
specimen of cylindrical shape drilled out of the glulam.

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 6

1.3.5 End joint

a glued joint between the end of lamination segments.
1.3.6 Glued laminated timber
A structural member formed by bonding together timber laminations with the grain running
essentially parallel to the beam’s longitudinal axis.
1.3.7 Glulam
abbreviation of glued laminated timber.
1.3.8 Horizontal glulam
glued laminated timber with the glueline plane perpendicular to the wide face of the cross
section, see Figure 1.1.
1.3.9 Outer zones
the laminations wholly or partially in the two outer 0.15 D regions of a horizontally
laminated beam where D is the beam depth, see Figure 1.1.

0.15D
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outer zone

0.15D
outer zone

FIGURE 1.1 GLUELINES IN CROSS SECTIONS SHOWING THE NORMAL

POSITION OF THE GLUELINES

1.3.10 Service Class 1

Service Class characterized by a moisture content in the materials corresponding to a
temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 65% for a
few weeks per year. (See Appendix A).
NOTE: In Service Class 1 the average equilibrium moisture content in most glulam will not
exceed 12%.
1.3.11 Service Class 2
Service Class characterized by a moisture content in the materials corresponding to a
temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 85% for a
few weeks per year. (See Appendix A).
NOTE: In Service Class 2 the average equilibrium moisture content in most softwoods will not
exceed 20%.
1.3.12 Service Class 3
Service Class characterized by climatic conditions leading to higher moisture contents than
Service Class 2, or where timber is directly exposed to sun and/or rain. (See Appendix A).
1.3.13 Specimen
test specimen of glulam of rectangular shape.
1.3.14 Test bar
test specimen of rectangular right-angled prismatic form.

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 7 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

1.3.15 Vertical glulam

glued laminated timber with the glueline plane perpendicular to the narrow face of the cross
section, see Figure 1.1.
1.3.16 Wood failure
rupture in or between wood fibres.
1.3.17 Wood failure percentage
percentage of the wood failure area in relation to the total sheared area.

1.4 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

For the purposes of this Standard, the symbols and abbreviations below apply:
A shear area, in square millimetres
a width of machined flat face of drill core, in millimetres
b width of cross section, in millimetres
d diameter, in millimetres
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fs shear strength as measured in block shear test, in MPa

Fu ultimate load, in newtons
fv shear strength, in newtons per square millimetres
h depth of cross section, in millimetres
k modification factor
l length of test specimen, in millimetres
l max,delam maximum delamination length of one glueline in the test specimen, in
millimetres
l glueline length of one glueline, normally the width b shown in Figure C1, in Appendix C
in millimetres
l tot,delam delamination length of all gluelines in the test specimen, in millimetres
l tot,glueline entire length of gluelines on the two end-grain surfaces of each test specimen, in
millimetres
R radius of curvature, in millimetres
t thickness of test specimen, in millimetres
tl lamination thickness, in millimetres

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 8

S E C T I O N 2 RE Q U IRE M E N T S

2.1 GENERAL
The timber used shall be stress graded and the bonding operations shall result in reliable
and durable bonds.
These requirements shall be considered satisfied if the provisions of Sections 2, 3 and 4 of
this Standard are met.
2.2 TIMBER
2.2.1 General
The timber shall be stress graded in conformity with AS/NZS 1748, AS 2082, AS 2858 or
A1 NZS 3631 and have its structural properties evaluated in accordance with the AS/NZS 4063
series.
2.2.2 Moisture content
The moisture content of the timber at manufacture shall be appropriate to the species,
adhesive used and preservative treatment.
2.3 ADHESIVES
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The adhesive shall be capable of producing strong and durable joints which maintains the
bond integrity throughout the intended lifetime of the structure.
NOTE: Acceptable strength and durability can be achieved by the use of a polycondensation
adhesive of the phenolic or aminoplastic type as defined in AS/NZS 4364. The adhesives shall
meet the requirements for adhesive type I or II as appropriate. The adhesive shall be chosen
considering the climatic conditions in service, the timber species, any preservative if used and the
production methods.
Adhesives of type I may be employed for structural members to be used in all Service
Classes. Adhesives of type II may only be used for Service Classes 1 and 2 provided the
temperature of the member in the structure will normally be below 50°C for Service
Class 2.
2.4 COMPLETED GLULAM
2.4.1 Verification of design properties
The manufacturer shall prove that the finished glulam has the required design properties.
Verification shall be provided through:
(a) (Initial) qualification tests.
(b) Daily quality control tests.
2.4.2 Design properties
Members shall have the design properties given by a GL grade (see Table 1.1 in Part 2), or
as claimed by the manufacturer, or as required by the designer.
The design properties shall be the characteristic values for:
Bending strength f b′
Modulus of elasticity E
Compression strength f c′
Shear strength f s′
Tension strength f t′
2.4.3 Initial qualification tests
Qualification tests shall be undertaken whenever a new process or process change
involving, for example, a new adhesive/species combination, finger joint profile, lamination
thickness or similar. Initial qualification tests shall be carried out either by Method 1 of
Clause 2.4.3.1 or Method 2 of Clause 2.4.3.2.

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 9 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

2.4.3.1 Method 1
Determination from tests on completed glulam The characteristic strength of a glulam
member in bending compression, tension and shear and characteristic modulus of elasticity
in bending, shall be determined by undertaking tests on completed 300 mm deep glulam
A1 members in accordance with the AS/NZS 4063 series.
2.4.3.2 Method 2
Determination from lamination properties The following shall apply:
(a) The characteristic strengths of a 300 mm deep horizontally laminated glulam member
in bending and tension shall be computed using equations 1 and 2.
f b′ = 0.75 (1 + 0.05 S min ) f b,′ ej ≤ f b,′ stock . . . (1)
f t′ = 0.75 (1 + 0.05 S min ) f t,′ej ≤ f t,′stock . . . (2)
where
f b,′ ej = characteristic bending strength of the finger joints in flatwise
A1
bending determined in accordance with AS 5068
f b,′ stock = characteristic bending strength of the selected grade of lamination
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stock
f t,′ej = characteristic tension strength of the finger joints determined in
A1
accordance with AS 5068
f t,′stock = characteristic tension strength of lamination stock of the selected
grade of the lamination stock
S min = minimum spacing of end joints (m)
(b) The modulus of elasticity shall be determined by bending of lamination stock about
A1 the minor axis in accordance with the provisions of the AS/NZS 4063 series. The
characteristic value of the modulus of elasticity so determined shall be deemed to
apply to the laminations within the glued laminated member. The effective stiffness
properties shall be determined using composite beam theory.
(c) Where manufacturers use timber, graded in accordance with the relevant grading
standard for which in-grade test data are available, the values of f s,′stock , f c,′stock and
E stock may be deemed to apply.
2.4.4 Routine tests
Routine tests described in Clause 4.3.1 shall verify the ongoing achievement of the
properties established by the initial qualification tests.
NOTE: For glulam with a modulus of elasticity that is above average for a species, it may be
advisable to do routine tests on laminations to check their modulus of elasticity.

2.5 END JOINTS

A1 Finger joints shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with AS 5068. End joints other
than finger joints, eg, scarf joints, shall be tested in accordance with the provisions of
AS 5068. The alternative end joint shall be treated as a substitute finger joint in interpreting
AS 5068. In all such specimens the end joint shall be representative of the normal
production method. Where the end joints are cured with the face joints in normal
production, the test specimens shall be prepared by an identical method by forming a blank
billet. In a blank billet, a glulam member shall be constructed without face joint adhesive so
as to provide sufficient (at least 30 for qualification and 3 per shift for routine tests) end
joint test specimens. Where such joints are pre-cured they shall be taken directly after the
pre-cure operation.

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 10

2.6 GLUELINE INTEGRITY

2.6.1 General
The requirements for glueline integrity shall be based on testing of the glueline in a full
cross-sectional specimen, which shall be cut from the manufactured glulam member. The
specimens shall be representative of the production. The test requirements are summarized
in Table 2.1.
2.6.2 Qualification tests
Qualification tests shall be undertaken whenever a new process or process change such as a
new adhesive/species combination is introduced.
For members of Service Classes 1 and 2 the testing shall be delamination tests in
conformity with method A of Appendix C.
For members of Service Class 3 delamination tests shall be made in conformity with
method A of Appendix C.
For each species, adhesive, treatment or process combination, a minimum of 5 full cross-
sections shall be tested and shall meet the requirements of 2.6.4 or 2.6.5.
2.6.3 Routine tests
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For structures of Service Class 1 the testing shall be either by delamination tests method C
of Appendix C, or block shear of Appendix D, or dry cleavage of Appendix B.
For structures of Service Class 2 the testing shall be either by delamination test method C
of Appendix C or block shear of Appendix D, or dry and wet cleavage of Appendix B.
For structures of Service Class 3 the testing shall be either by delamination test method A
or B of Appendix C, or dry and wet cleavage of Appendix B.
For each shift in which gluing is carried out, one full cross-sectional specimen shall be
tested for each press load or every 10 m 3 of production.

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 11 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

TABLE 2.1
QUALIFICATION AND ROUTINE TEST PROCEDURES
Service Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Qualification Type I Type II Type I Type II Type I adhesive only
test adhesive adhesive adhesive adhesive
Delamination Delamination Delamination Delamination Delamination test method A
test method A test method C test method A test method C Appendix C
Appendix C Appendix C Appendix C Appendix C
Routine tests Type I and Type II Type I and Type II adhesives Type I adhesives only
adhesives
Delamination test method C Delamination test method C Delamination test method A
Appendix C Appendix C or method B Appendix C
OR OR OR
Block shear Appendix D Block shear Appendix D Dry and wet cleavage
Appendix B
OR OR
Dry cleavage Appendix B Dry & wet cleavage
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Appendix B
NOTE: Where dry and wet cleavage is performed two full cross sections are required.

2.6.4 Acceptance criteria for delamination tests

Depending on the method and number of cycles the total delamination percentage of
each cross-sectional specimen shall be less than the values given in Table 2.2.

TABLE 2.2
MAXIMUM VALUES FOR THE TOTAL DELAMINATION PERCENTAGES
Max. percentage after cycle No:
Method Applicable to adhesive type
1 2 3
A Type I — 5 10
B Type I 4 8 —
C Type II 10 — —

For all delaminations methods the maximum delamination percentage shall be less than or
equal to 40%.
2.6.5 Acceptance criteria for glueline shear tests
Each test result from the block shear tests of each cross-sectional specimen shall comply
with the following requirements with regard to the shear strength and the wood failure
percentage.
The shear strength of each glueline shall be at least 6.0 MPa. For conifers and poplar, a
shear strength of 4.0 MPa shall be regarded as acceptable if the wood failure percentage is
100.
The average wood failure percentage over a cross-sectional specimen and any individual
value shall exceed the minimum wood failure percentages stated in Table 2.3.

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 12

2.6.6 Acceptance criteria for cleavage tests after both ambient and wet conditioning
When determined in accordance with Appendix B, the average wood failure for all gluelines
in a specimen shall not be less than 60%. Any glueline having a wood fibre failure of less
than 30% shall fail the specimen.
2.6.7 Retest
In the event of a specimen failing Clause 2.6.6, 2 further specimens from the failed glueline
shall be tested in accordance with Appendix B. The results of these 2 specimens shall be
averaged and should the results fail to comply with the requirements of Clause 2.6.6 then
the batch represented by the sample shall be rejected. In the assessment of wood failure,
areas influenced by the presence of wood defects shall be disregarded.

TABLE 2.3
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOOD FAILURE PERCENTAGES, WFP
AND BLOCK SHEAR STRENGTH f S FOR VALUES IN BETWEEN LINEAR
INTERPOLATION SHALL BE USED
Average values Individual values
Shear strength, fS in MPa 6 8 ≥11 from 4 to 6 6 ≥10
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Minimum wood failure percentage, %* 90 70 45 9 75 20

* For average values WFP in % = 144 − 9 fS
6 > WFP > 11
For the shear strength fS ≥ 6.0 MPa the individual values of WFP in % = 153.3 − 13.3 f S
4 > WFP > 10 rounded to the nearest 5%

2.7 FINISHING
2.7.1 Appearance grades
The appearance grades relate to the aesthetic appearance of the visible surfaces of the glued
laminated members. This classification bears no relationship to structural performance of
the member.
2.7.2 Appearance Grade A
This grade is intended for use in applications where appearance of the member is important
and clear or painted finishes are used. All surface voids are filled or repaired. Unless it is
specified otherwise, the surfaces shall be sanded to a minimum of 60 grit finish.
The following voids shall be repaired with inserts and not filled:
(a) Holes (circular in general appearance) with a diameter in excess of 30 mm.
(b) Holes (elongated in general appearance) with dimensions exceeding 40 mm × 20 mm.
(c) Edge checks (elongated) from 40 mm to 100 mm, exceeding 3 mm wide.
NOTE: Fillers used should be non-shrinking and capable of accepting the finish specified for the
members.

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 13 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

2.7.3 Appearance Grade B

This grade is intended for use in painted applications where surface appearance is important
but a machine planed finish is acceptable. The machining shall conform to No. 2 dressed
A1 surface grade as defined in the AS 2796 series. Occasional skips in the surface are
permissible and minor blemishes, voids and manufacturing want shall be acceptable. The
outer-most laminations shall be free of loose knots and voids.
2.7.4 Appearance Grade C
This grade is intended for use in applications where appearance is not important. All
blemishes and voids are acceptable. Where the member is not machined after lay-up, the
allowable tolerances for overlap of laminations shall be as detailed in Figure 2.1 and
Table 2.4.

Overlap
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Width

FIGURE 2.1 OVERLAP OF LAMINATIONS

TABLE 2.4
TOLERANCE AND OVERLAP LIMITS FOR APPEARANCE GRADE C GLULAM
millimetres
Tolerance for height Maximum overlap for Appearance
Height or width
or width Grade C members
(h or w) < 100 ±2 4
100 ≤ (h or w) < 300 ±3 5
300 ≤ (h or w) ±6 6

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 14

SECT ION 3 MANUFAC TUR I NG PROCEDURES

3.1 INTRODUCTION
Manufacturing procedures shall be such that the completed glulam conforms with the
requirements of Section 2. For guidance notes on manufacturing procedures refer to
AS/NZS 1328:Part 2.

3.2 PRODUCTION CONDITIONS

3.2.1 General
The staff shall have the necessary skill for the grading of lamination stock and the
production of glulam.

3.2.2 Premises
The premises shall be suitable for all phases of the production, taking into consideration the
requirements given in this Standard.
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Special consideration shall be given to:

(a) Size of the members to be produced.
(b) Air temperature.
(c) Relative humidity of the air.
At the time of assembly and during the cure of the adhesive, the timber shall be at a
temperature not less than that specified by the adhesive manufacturer.
Where pre-dried timber is used, storage facilities shall be available to maintain the required
moisture content of the timber.
Unless resin and hardener are pumped directly from storage tanks and mixed automatically
during application, there shall be a separate room for the preparation of the adhesive
(mixing of resin and hardener). There shall also be suitable resin and hardener storage
facilities and an area with access to adhesive cleaning equipment.
The resin and hardener storage shall be arranged so that the “first in first out” principle is
maintained.

3.2.3 Equipment
Equipment shall be available:
(a) To ensure that the temperature of the glueline is monitored in accordance with the
adhesive manufacturer’s recommendations.
(b) To measure the moisture content of the timber and calibrate moisture meters.
(c) For mechanical and/or visual grading when these operations are carried out by the
producer.
(d) To make end joints in the laminations of sufficient and reliable strength.
(e) To measure lamination thickness.
(f) To machine laminations in preparation for face bonding.

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 15 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

(g) For weighing and mixing resin and hardener in the required proportions.
(h) For the uniform application of the required quantity of adhesive.
(i) To obtain the required glueline pressure during curing of the adhesive.
(j) To test the strength of end joints in the laminations.
(k) To test the integrity of the gluelines.

3.3 MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

3.3.1 General
Only combinations of species, adhesives, treatments and processes which have proven to be
suitable by the qualification tests given in 2.6.2 shall be used.
3.3.2 Requirements for lamination thickness of curved members
For curved members, the maximum thickness is also governed by the radius R of curvature
and the species used. The finished thickness t l shall not exceed:
R ⎛ f′ ⎞
tl ≤ ⎜⎜1 + b,ej ⎟⎟
250 ⎝ 80
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⎠
3.3.3 Adhesives
A1 The adhesive shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 4364. Sufficient trials shall be
undertaken to ensure that the adhesives meet the requirements with respect to the species,
treatment and specific manufacturing processes.

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S E C T I ON 4 Q U A L I T Y CO N T RO L

4.1 FACTORY PRODUCTION CONTROL (INTERNAL CONTROL)

4.1.1 General
The manufacturer shall establish and maintain documented internal factory production
control to ensure conformance with this Standard.
The documented factory production control shall be efficiently implemented in accordance
with procedures and instructions documented in a work’s quality manual.
The adhesive shall be chosen by the manufacturer in consultation with the adhesive supplier
considering the climatic conditions in service, any preservative or fire retardant treatment
and the particular production methods. All conditions which affect the performance of the
adhesive shall be documented in the quality manual.
NOTE: It is recommended that the production control system is audited by a third party. Further
information is given in Appendix E.
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4.1.2 Production record

A gluing record shall be kept to check that the instructions of the adhesive manufacturers
have been followed. These records should include the following:
(a) Date and production reference number.
(b) Timber species.
(c) Timber grade.
(d) Dimensions of the laminated member.
(e) Thickness of the laminations.
(f) Moisture content of the timber.
(g) The resin and hardener type, manufacturer (or brand name), batch number, delivery
date, expiry date and the use made of the adhesives.
(h) Time of start of the adhesive application process.
(i) Time of start and end of the cramping process.
(j) Cramping pressure.
(k) Adhesive spread (g/m 2).
(l) For glues allowed to set at room temperature, the maximum and minimum ambient
temperatures during the curing of the glue in close proximity of the assembly. If the
temperature of the laminations at the time of the spreading differs materially from the
ambient temperature, this should also be recorded. It is not necessary to record this
data where a hot-setting method is used to cure the glueline.
(m) Service Class.
(n) Timber preservative or other treatment of laminations, and whether applied before or
after assembly.
(o) Any other items that may affect the quality or performance of the bond as agreed by
the glulam manufacturer and adhesive manufacturer.
The record shall be signed by the nominated member of staff responsible.

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4.1.3 End joints

End joint quality shall be verified by the testing of sample joints or by proof testing.
4.1.3.1 Verification by sample testing
The strength of end joints in laminations shall be verified by testing in flatwise bending in
A1 accordance with the provisions of AS 5068. For the purpose of checking finger joint
strength to AS 5068, the declared characteristic strength in flatwise bending shall be given
by:
1.33 f b′
f b,′ ej =
(1 + 0.05 S min )
NOTE: If f b′ has been determined by Method 1 of Clause 2.4.3.1 then it may be advantageous to
A1 determine f b,′ ej by flatwise bending tests on end joints in laminations to the AS/NZS 4063 series.

4.1.3.2 Verification by proof testing

End joints may be verified by proof testing of laminations in accordance with the following
principles:
(a) In beams, the proof testing need only apply to the outer laminations, but for tension
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members, all laminations shall be proof tested.

(b) The proof load shall apply a stress in bending or tension equal to f b,′ pt or f t,′pt as
applicable. If proof testing takes place before the joints have been fully cured, then
the proof testing may be reduced by an amount established by appropriate tests.
4.1.4 Face joints
The face joint gluelines shall be tested in a full cross-sectional specimen, which is to be cut
from a cured glulam member produced during each working shift. For each shift in which
gluing is carried out, one full cross-sectional specimen shall be taken for every press load or
every 10 m 3 of production, whichever is the greater.
If all tests for a 3 month period satisfy the requirements, the number of samples may be
reduced to not less than half the number prescribed above, with a minimum of one test per
day.
The results of the testing for glueline integrity shall be documented as described in
Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D for cleavage, delamination and block shear
respectively.

4.2 ORGANIZATION OF FACTORY PRODUCTION CONTROL

4.2.1 Responsibility and authority
The responsibility, authority and the interrelation of all personnel who manage, perform and
verify work affecting quality shall be defined particularly for personnel who need the
organizational freedom and authority to:
(a) Initiate action to prevent the occurrence of non-conformity of glulam members.
(b) Identify and record any quality problems with glulam members.
4.2.2 Management representative for factory production control
At every factory unit the manufacturer shall appoint a person who shall have appropriate
authority, knowledge and experience of the production of glulam to be responsible for
conducting and supervising factory production control procedures and ensuring that the
requirements given in this Standard are met.

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4.2.3 Management review

The production control system adopted to satisfy the requirements of this Standard shall be
reviewed at appropriate intervals by the manufacturer’s management to ensure its
continuing suitability and effectiveness. Records of such reviews shall be maintained.

4.3 DOCUMENTATION OF THE QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

4.3.1 General
The manufacturer’s documentation, procedures and instructions shall be relevant to the
production and process control of the glulam, and shall be adequately described in a works’
quality manual covering:
(a) The quality aims and organizational structure, responsibilities and powers of the
management with regard to conformity of the glulam.
(b) The procedures for specifying and verifying the quality of the timber and the
adhesive.
(c) The manufacturing, production control and other techniques, processes and
systematic actions that will be used.
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(d) The inspections and tests that will be carried out before, during and after
manufacture, and the frequency with which they will be carried out.
4.3.2 Responsibility
The manufacturer shall produce structural timber members in such a way that they are
strong, durable and suitable for use in one of the Service Classes 1, 2 or 3 defined in 1.3.10,
1.3.11 and 1.3.12 respectively.
The manufacturer shall identify the Service Class that the manufacturer has selected for
each structural member.
Each and every species-adhesive combination and manufacturing process used for each
structural member shall be identified in the works’ quality manual.
Each and every adhesive shall be used in accordance with the supplier’s instructions.
The works’ quality manual shall detail the production controls necessary to ensure that the
required strength and durability characteristics are present in the finished product.
The manufacturer shall maintain records of all relevant production controls which shall be
kept for at least 7 years. All documentation shall be sufficiently detailed that the raw
materials and processing are traceable to the production week and year.
4.3.3 Documentation
The documentation of the end joint tests, the gluing record and the glueline tests may be
recorded and kept separately.
All documentation shall be kept for at least seven years.
All documentation shall be retained so that the raw materials and production conditions for
each glulam member are traceable, at least to the production week and year.

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4.4 INSPECTION AND TESTING

4.4.1 General
All necessary facilities, equipment and personnel shall be available to carry out the
necessary inspections and tests. This requirement may also be fulfilled, by a subcontractor
having the necessary facilities, equipment and personnel. The manufacturer shall be
responsible for the control, calibration and maintenance of the measuring and test
equipment, whether owned by the manufacturer, or on loan, or provided by the purchaser,
to demonstrate the conformity of the glulam, members to the specified requirements.
Equipment shall be used in a manner which ensures that measurement uncertainty is known
and is consistent with the requirement measurement capability.
4.4.2 Action in case of non-conformity
If there is reason to doubt the quality of any production operation or the raw materials used,
then the internal quality control shall be increased and intensified.
If serious defects and flaws are discovered, then the inspection organization shall be
informed immediately.
4.4.3 Control of non-conforming glulam
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If the result of the test or inspection on a glulam member is unsatisfactory, the manufacturer
is obliged at once to take the steps necessary to rectify the shortcoming. Glulam, members
which do not comply with the requirements shall be set aside and marked accordingly.
When the shortcoming has been rectified, the test or inspection in question shall be repeated
without delay, provided that this is technically possible and is necessary as evidence that
the defects have been overcome.

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S E C T I O N 5 M A RK I NG
Glulam claimed to conform to this Standard shall be marked. The durable mark shall show
the name or identity of the producer, the strength class or other strength identification, the
production week and year, certification reference, Service Class, adhesive type and the
Standard number.
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APPENDIX A
ADHESIVES
(Normative)
Recommended Service Classes and type of adhesive are as shown in Table A1.

TABLE A1
TYPE OF ADHESIVE FOR GIVEN SERVICE CONDITIONS

Service Adhesive
Description Timber e.m.c Temperature
class Type Example
1 Interior ≤ 12% < 50°C II Melamine-urea
Resorcinol Phenol-
2 Exterior but ≤ 18% untreated < 50°C II
resorcinol Polyphenolic
protected timber
(tannins)
≤ 20% multi-salts
Any I Resorcinol Phenol-
treated softwoods
resorcinol Polyphenolic
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3 Exterior Any Any I (tannins)

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APPENDIX B
METHODS OF TEST—CLEAVAGE OF GLUED JOINTS
(Normative)

B1 SCOPE
This Appendix describes a method for measuring the cleavage characteristics of face and
edge bonded glued joints parallel to the direction of the grain in glulam. The Standard is
applicable in the field of continuous quality control on the glueline.

B2 PRINCIPLE
B2.1 Procedure
A specimen consisting of a full cross section of glulam is cleaved apart in the plane of the
glueline and the percentage of wood failure is recorded.
B2.2 Conditioning
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The specimen can be conditioned as follows:

(a) Under ambient conditions in accordance with B4.3.1.
(b) Under wet conditions in accordance with B4.3.2.

B3 APPARATUS
The following apparatus is required:
(a) A chisel with a wedge angle and thickness such that the tip of the blade does not
touch the bottom of the saw cut in the specimen, before cleavage failure occurs. The
width of the chisel shall exceed the width of the test specimen.
NOTE: A bricklayers bolster is suitable.
(b) Bricklayers hammer or mallet.
(c) Radial arm saw or similar.
(d) For wet conditioning, an autoclave or similar vessel designed to withstand safely a
pressure of at least 500 kPa, equipped with a vacuum pump capable of drawing a
vacuum of at least 500 mm Hg of mercury in the vessel, and a pump or other device
to provide a pressure of at least 500 kPa.

B4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

B4.1 Procedure
Specimens shall be cut as detailed in Figure B1 and shall be a minimum of 25 mm long.
Te s t
specimen

25 mm min.

FIGURE B1 SPECIMEN ORIENTATION

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B4.2 Glueline
Each glueline shall be cut uniformly to a depth of 10 mm, on the glueline as shown in
Figure B2.

Grain
direction

Max. depth of cut = 10 mm

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25 mm

FIGURE B2 CUTTING GLUELINE

NOTE: Specimens can be cut longer than 25 mm as the larger specimens are easier to evaluate the
wood failure percentage.
B4.3 Conditioning of specimens
B4.3.1 Ambient conditioning
Ambient conditioning of specimens shall involve storage inside the factory at prevailing
conditions of temperature and humidity of not less than 2 hours.
B4.3.2 Wet conditioning
Wet conditioning of specimens shall be as follows:
(a) Place the test specimens in the autoclave, immerse them in water between 10°C and
27°C and weigh them down. Support the specimens in such a manner that all end-
grain surfaces and end-joint surfaces are exposed to the water.
(b) Draw a vacuum of at least 65 kPa or at least 500 mm Hg and hold it for 1.5 hours,
then release the vacuum and apply a pressure of 500 ±30 kPa for 1.5 hours. Repeat
this vacuum-pressure cycle once more.
NOTE: For higher density species, longer pressure and vacuum cycles may be required to
achieve total penetration.
(c) Remove the specimens from the autoclave.
(d) If wood failure cannot be assessed in the wet, dry the cleaved specimens at a
temperature not exceeding 105°C. At the completion of drying, assess each individual
glueline wood failure to the nearest 5%. Express the result as an average of all the
individual gluelines.

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B5 PROCEDURE
The procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Cleave each glueline by means of the chisel and hammer. Refer Figure B3.
At least three gluelines in each of the lower, middle and upper part shall be tested. If
there are less than ten laminations all gluelines shall be tested.
(b) Visually assess each individual glueline wood failure percentage to the nearest 5%.
Express the result as an average of all the individual gluelines.
NOTE: Light at an oblique angle such as from a fluorescent desk lamp has been found to be
beneficial in the assessment of wood failure.

Chisel shall not touch

bottom of saw cut
prior to onset of
cleavage failure
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Cleavage of test specimen

FIGURE B3 CLEAVAGE OF TEST SPECIMEN

B6 RESULTS
The following information shall be reported:
(a) The identification mark on the specimen.
(b) Wood failure percentage (WFP) of the individual gluelines.
(c) Determine the average wood failure percentage.
(d) Determine the minimum wood failure percentage.
(e) Note whether the specimen passes or fails the test.

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APPENDIX C
DELAMINATION TEST OF GLUELINES
(Normative)

C1 SCOPE
This Appendix specifies three delamination methods for continuous quality control of the
glueline integrity of glued laminated timber.

C2 PRINCIPLE
A gradient is introduced in the moisture content of the wood to build up internal stresses.
This will result in tensile stresses perpendicular to the gluelines so that inadequate bonding
quality will result in delamination of the gluelines.

C3 APPARATUS
C3.1 Pressure vessel
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A pressure vessel designed to withstand safely a pressure of at least 600 kPa (700 kPa
absolute pressure) and a vacuum of at least 85 kPa (15 kPa absolute pressure), and equipped
with pumps or similar device capable of giving a pressure of at least 600 kPa (700 kPa
absolute pressure) and of drawing a vacuum of at least 85 kPa (15 kPa absolute pressure).
C3.2 Drying duct
A drying duct where air is circulating at a velocity of 2 m/s to 3 m/s, and at a temperature
and a relative air humidity as given in Table C1.

TABLE C1
CLIMATE IN THE DRYING DUCT FOR THE DIFFERENT METHODS
Method Temperature °C Relative humidity %
A 60 to 70 < 15
B 65 to 75 8 to 10
C 25 to 30 25 to 35

C3.3 Balance
A balance capable of determining mass to an accuracy of 5 g.

C4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

The test specimens shall be prepared or selected in such a manner that they are
representative of the production run.
Each test specimen shall be taken from a full cross section of the laminated member to be
tested, prepared by cutting perpendicular to the grain of the wood. It shall be (75 ±5) mm in
length (along the grain). The end-grain surfaces of the test specimen shall be cut with a
sharp saw or tool that produces a smooth surface.
If the width b of the cross section is greater than 300 mm the test specimen may be split
into two or more test specimens each at least 130 mm wide. If the depth h is greater than
600 mm the test specimen(s) may be cut into two or more pieces each with a depth of at
least 300 mm, see Figure C1.

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Te s t s p e c i m e n

b
75

Size in millimetres

FIGURE C1 TEST SPECIMEN CUT FROM A GLULAM MEMBER

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C5 PROCEDURE
C5.1 General
Measure the total length in millimetres of gluelines on the end-grain surfaces of the test
specimens.
Subject the test specimens to the appropriate test cycle described in C5.2, C5.3 or C5.4. The
number of cycles shall be as given in Table C2.

TABLE C2
NUMBER OF TEST CYCLES TO BE USED IN THE DIFFERENT TEST METHODS
Method Number of initial cycles Number of extra cycles
A 2 1
B 1 1
C 1 0

An extra test cycle need only be carried out if the total delamination percentage according
to C6.2 is larger than a prescribed maximum value.
At the end of the drying period, measure, in millimetres, the length of open gluelines on
end-grain surfaces of the test specimens. Open gluelines at knots shall be ignored and
failure in the wood due to checking or other causes shall not be included as delamination.
Isolated delamination less than 3 mm long and more than 5 mm away from the nearest
delamination shall also be ignored.
NOTES:
1 When the separation is in the wood, even though very close to the glueline, it is termed wood
failure or checking. Magnification is often necessary to determine whether the failure is in the
adhesive or in the wood. A feeler gauge of 0.08 mm to 0.10 mm in thickness is convenient for
probing into the joint to determine if separation actually exists.
2 Since gluelines at knots and knotty areas in general are not durable under severe exposure,
development of delamination at knots should be disregarded and not included in the
measurements or calculations.

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C5.2 Test cycle for method

A Place the test specimens in the pressure vessel and weigh them down. Admit water at a
temperature of 10°C to 20°C in sufficient quantity so that the pieces are completely
submerged. Separate the test specimens by stickers, wire screens, or other means in such a
manner that all end-grain surfaces are freely exposed to the water. Draw a vacuum of
70 kPa to 85 kPa (i.e. an absolute pressure of 15 kPa to 30 kPa at sea level) and hold it for 5
min. Then release the vacuum and apply a pressure of 500 kPa to 600 kPa (600 kPa
to 700 kPa absolute pressure) for 1 h. Whilst the test specimens are still completely
immersed, repeat this vacuum pressure cycle making a two-cycle impregnating period
requiring a total of 130 min.
Dry the test specimens for a period of between 21 h and 22 h in air at 60°C to 70°C and a
relative humidity not greater than 15%, and circulating at a velocity of 2 m/s to 3 m/s.
During drying, the test specimens shall be placed at least 50 mm apart with the end-grain
surfaces parallel to the stream of air.
C5.3 Test cycle for method B
Weigh and record to the nearest 5 g the weight of each test specimen. Place the test specimens
in the pressure vessel and weigh them down. Admit water, at a temperature of 10°C to 20°C in
such quantity that the specimens are completely submerged. Separate the test specimens by
stickers, wire screens, or other means in such a manner that all end-grain surfaces are freely
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exposed to the water. Draw a vacuum of 70 kPa to 85 kPa (i.e. an absolute pressure of 15 kPa to
30 kPa at sea level) and hold it for 30 min. Release the vacuum and apply a pressure of 500 kPa
to 600 kPa (600 kPa to 700 kPa absolute pressure) for 2 h.
Dry the test specimens for a period of approximately 10 h to 15 h in air at 65°C to 75°C and
a relative humidity of 8% to 10% and circulating at a velocity of 2 m/s to 3 m/s. During
drying the test specimens shall be placed at least 50 mm apart with the end-grain surfaces
parallel to the stream of air.
The actual time in the drying duct shall be controlled by the mass of the test specimens.
Delamination shall be observed and recorded when the mass of the test specimens has
returned to within 15% of the original mass.
C5.4 Test cycle for method C
Place the test specimens in the pressure vessel and weigh them down. Admit water at a
temperature of 10°C to 20°C in sufficient quantity so that the pieces are completely submerged.
Separate the test specimens by stickers, wire screens, or other means in such a manner that all
end-grain surfaces are freely exposed to the water. Draw a vacuum of 70 kPa to 85 kPa (i.e. an
absolute pressure of 15 kPa to 30 kPa at sea level) and hold it for 30 min. Then release the
vacuum and apply a pressure of 500 kPa to 600 kPa (600 kPa to 700 kPa absolute pressure) for
2 h. Whilst the test specimens are still completely immersed, repeat this vacuum pressure cycle
giving a two-cycle impregnating period requiring a total of 5 h.
Dry the test specimens for a period of 90 h in air at 25°C to 30°C and a relative humidity in
the range of 25% to 35%, and circulating at a velocity of 2 m/s to 3 m/s. During drying, the
test specimens shall be placed at least 50 mm apart with the end-grain surfaces parallel to
the stream of air.

C6 RESULTS
C6.1 General
For each test specimen the delamination percentages shall be calculated. If an extra cycle is
performed calculate the results before and after the extra cycle.
C6.2 Total delamination
The total delamination percentage of a test specimen is calculated from the following formula:
ltot, delam
100 ×
ltot,glueline

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C6.3 Maximum delamination

The maximum delamination percentage for a single glueline a test specimen is calculated
from the following formula:
lmax, delam
100 ×
2 lglueline

C6.4 Test report

The report shall include the following items:
(a) Date of the test.
(b) Identification of test specimens and members from which they have been cut. Any
other relevant information, e.g. about preconditioning.
(c) Species of timber.
(d) Type of adhesive.
(e) Test method.
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(f) Delamination percentage and the maximum delamination percentage after the
prescribed number of cycles and any additional cycle that may be necessary.
(g) Any relevant observation made during or after testing.
(h) Signature of the person responsible for the testing.

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APPENDIX D
SHEAR TEST OF GLUELINES
(Normative)
FOREWORD

D1 SCOPE
This Appendix specifies a method for measuring the shear strength of the glueline parallel
to the direction of the grain.

D2 PRINCIPLE
Shear stress is applied to the glueline until failure occurs. The load at failure is recorded
and the wood failure percentage is evaluated.

D3 APPARATUS
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D3.1 Testing machine

A calibrated testing machine capable of applying a compressive force to the shearing tool,
referred to in D3.2. The accuracy of measuring the maximum load shall be better than ±3%.
D3.2 Shearing tool
A shearing tool as illustrated in Figure D1. The cylindrical bearing shall be self-aligning so
that the test specimen is loaded at the end grain with a stress field uniform in the width
direction.

ò
F

ò
F
Cylindrical
A bearing
Sheared
plane

Te s t b a r t o b e
clamped as
necessary
A Section A-A

FIGURE D1 SHEARING TOOL WITH A TEST BAR INSERTED

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D4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

D4.1 Test specimens
Special care shall be taken in preparing the test specimens to ensure that the loaded surfaces
are smooth and parallel to each other and perpendicular to the grain direction.
The test specimens shall be of the form shown in either Figure D2 or D3. That depicted in
Figure D2 shows the normal test specimen.

1 2 3 4 5 6
b
L

Dimensions: length, l
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width, b 40 mm − 50 mm
thickness, t 40 mm − 50 mm

NOTE: If the test bar is cut from a position higher in the cross section the numbers of the lines do
not start with 1 (see D4.3).

FIGURE D2 THE NORMAL TEST SPECIMEN, A TEST BAR, AND THE NUMBERING
OF THE INDIVIDUAL GLUELINES FOR A TEST BAR CUT AT THE BOTTOM
OF THE CROSS SECTION

d a

Dimensions: length, l 70 mm to 80 mm
diameter, d approx. 35 mm
straight edges, a approx. 23 mm
thickness, t approx. 26 mm

FIGURE D3 A DRILL CORE WITH MACHINED PARALLEL PLANE SURFACES

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D4.2 Sampling
Test bars shall be cut from the full cross-sectional specimens as described in this Standard.
At least three gluelines in each of the lower, middle and upper part shall be tested. If there
are less than 10 laminations all gluelines shall be tested.
NOTE: It is recommended that the full cross-sectional specimens are taken within areas of the
glulam member where sufficient cramping pressure has been established. In practice the
specimens are frequently cut from the end of the glulam members where the cramping pressure
may be variable and insufficient. If the required shear strength is obtained from test specimens of
this nature, the quality of the gluelines in the member should be deemed adequate.
The shear testing shall include as far as possible the total cross-sectional width of the
glulam member. The number of test bars to be taken shall be as given in Table D1.

TABLE D1
NUMBER OF TEST BARS
Width of full cross section Number of test bars
(see Figure D4)
mm
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≤ 100 1

> 100, ≤ 160 2

> 160 3

If two or more members are cramped in one operation, see Figure D6, the test bars
necessary according to the testing quantity quoted in D4.2.2 have to be taken from each of
the members.
For testing gluelines within the glulam member, drill cores shall be sampled.
The drill cores shall be cut out perpendicular to the face of the glulam member in such a
way that the glueline to be tested is situated in the middle of the core.
NOTE: For guidance of the drilling tool it is recommended that an appropriate support is used.
The drill cores shall be machined at two faces perpendicular to the glueline as shown in
Figure D3 and divided lengthwise so that the test specimens have a rectangular shearing
area.
D4.3 Marking
Every test bar shall be marked with a durable identification. This shall indicate the location
of the test bar within the cross section of the glulam member.
NOTES:
1 The relationship between identification and location may be as shown in Figure D5.
If the glulam member is glued vertically the front side of the element should be marked with
U and the back side with L.
The gluelines of the glulam member should be numbered beginning with the bottom edge of
the member, see Figure D2.
2 If two glulam members are cramped in one operation, the test bars from the lower member
should be marked additionally with 1 and those from the upper member with 2. An example
of this marking is shown in Figure D6.

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 32

>100
£100 £160 >160

b b b b b b

Size in millimetres
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FIGURE D4 TEST BARS TO BE CUT FROM A FULL CROSS-SECTIONAL SPECIMEN

U
M
U L

F F

FIGURE D5 SUGGESTED IDENTIFICATION SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE TEST

BARS IN THE CROSS SECTION IN A MEMBER GLUED HORIZONTALLY

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 33 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

U2
F

L2

U1
F

L1
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FIGURE D6 ADDITIONAL IDENTIFICATION WITH NUMBERS SHOWING THE

LOCATION OF THE GLULAM MEMBER DURING THE CRAMPING

D5 PROCEDURE
The test specimens shall be conditioned to an equilibrium moisture content in the standard
climate 20/65, given in ISO 554, i.e. temperature (20 ±2)°C and a relative humidity of
(65 ±5%). For internal quality control the moisture content of the wood shall be uniform
over the test specimen and within the range of 8% to 13%.
Measure the sizes from which the sheared area is determined to the nearest 0.5 mm. Use,
for example, a sliding gauge.
Place the test specimen in the shearing tool so that it is loaded in the direction of the grain.
The glueline shall be positioned so that the distance between this and the sheared plane
nowhere exceeds 1 mm.
The loading shall be undertaken at a constant rate and so that failure occurs after at least
20 s.
Estimate the amount of wood failure percentage rounded off to the nearest figure divisible
by 5.
From every tested test bar with at least five remaining gluelines a part shall be marked with
the order number, element number, gluing date and position of the test specimen according
to D4.3, and stored for a period as agreed with the certification body.

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 34

D6 RESULTS
D6.1 Calculation of shear stress
Determine the equivalent shear strength f S with two significant digits from the following
equation:
Fu
fS = k
A
where
A is the sheared area (for a test bar A = b t, and for a drill core A = l t)
k is a modification factor
k = 0.78 + 0.0044 t
t is the thickness, in millimetres
NOTE: The factor k modifies the shear strength for test specimens where the thickness in the
grain direction of the sheared area is less than 50 mm.
D6.2 Test report
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The test report shall include the following items:

(a) Date of the test.
(b) Identification of test specimens and members from which they have been cut. Any
other relevant information, e.g. about preconditioning.
(c) Species of timber.
(d) Type of adhesive.
(e) Sizes of the test specimen.
(f) Ultimate load and shear strength.
(g) Any relevant observation made during or after testing.
(h) Signature of the person responsible for the testing.
NOTE: The information mentioned in items (e) to (h) is not required to be registered and filed
directly, if other data are filed from which the information may be derived.

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 35 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

APPENDIX E
THIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION
(Informative)

E1 SCOPE
The purpose of the external control is to supervise the internal control, to check by
sampling the quality of the end joints and the gluelines.

E2 PROCEDURE
A minimum of two inspections per year should be carried out.
The inspection organization should have access to all storage and production rooms, and the
manufacturer should answer any technical questions. The inspection organization should
regard all technical information as confidential.
During the inspections the following should be inspected or checked:
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(a) Raw materials.

(b) Production in accordance with the stated requirements.
(c) Components of glulam members (end joints, laminations).
(d) Finished glulam members.
Selection of samples for external testing (end joints and full cross-sectional specimens for
glueline integrity test) should normally be done by the inspection organization.
It is recommended that the number of specimens should be fifteen at least for end joints in
the laminations and at least six full cross-sectional specimens for glueline integrity tests.
Such samples should be taken at each inspection.
The inspection organization should prepare a report of each inspection.
The manufacturer can be required to forward at certain intervals some production
information and test results to the inspection organization.

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 AS/NZS 1328.1:1998 36

AMENDMENT CONTROL SHEET

AS/NZS 1328.1:1998

Amendment No. 1 (2011)

REVISED TEXT
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to Clauses 1.2, 2.2.1, 2.4.3.1, 2.4.3.2(a), 2.4.3.2(b), 2.5, 2.7.3, 3.3.3, and
4.1.3.1.
Published on 11 March 2011.
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