Sociological theories are the theories which explain and analysis the way our societies were formed through out the historical period and there are some theorists who have composed these theories to make us understand 2.2
the way the function of societies and how it impacts an
individual’s life which is explained below with examples. Classical sociological theory: Classical sociological 2.3
theory emerged in 17th -19th in Europe during industrial
revolution . there a lot of changes were seen there was devolution of church rules, appearance of democratic political parties . there was an increase of population and a shift of people from rural to urban areas for attaining a better life . Now, theorists Karl Marx gave us a theory of historical materialism according to which every historical epoch is a mode of economy production and a history of class struggles which leads to change and creation of series of evaluation which is termed as social change and according to Marx change is necessary. For the concept of agency and structure Marx believed that agency can effect the structure but not independently as it lives under the structures made by economic production so he believes in focusing on structure . I believe that changes are necessary for the evolution of something new in the society and this also have impacted my life as I try to change my life for attaining something to make my life productive . Speaking from my experience , shifting from my country to Australia had a big impact on my life as I am now living in a totally different social structure and different type of rules as compared to India and this theory have helped me to analyse the economic functioning that shapes the society and the prevailing things and their effect on people .
Modern sociological theory : Modern sociological theory
have a large range of prospectives to understand society and its formation and behaviour .One of the key features of this theory is structural functionalism. It defines society as a quite complex structure which are interconnected to ,make it function and to keep it in a stabilized order according to different theorists , each segment of the society have a specific purpose and any problem in one of them can cause the disfunction of the whole system or structure. So it defines the importance of social structures such as school. Family, friends , religion in maintaining a balance of social cohesion . The second vital aspects is conflict theory which takes 3.1
society as a coemption for the limited resources .
According to them social structures are ruled by powerful institutions with powerful; groups using their power to balance control and dominatr the other weaker groups of the society .This identifies the role of inequality and conflict , its effect on the people in structuring the society . One of the other prospective is symbolic interactionism , it focuses on how people create conversation and meaning through interactions with their fellows and it believes that society is balanced and formed through regular interactions and its meaning can be redefined by the time according to the situation of the society . It defines the importance of gestures and language in shaping the social structure. As for me it have helped me to understand society and social behaviour through different angles > Each of them provides me with quiet a knowledge and helps to clear the complex problems of social life which I have faced in my life ,also it have helped me to understand the working of society and that every aspect forming the society have its own importance and keeps a power to totally change the whole structure. These theories provides an insight from which we can understand the complex structures of society and the role of agency and structure in it , it also helps us to understand . It helps to to understand the human behaviour their relationships and the social pattern which shapes them. One of the important point of these theories is that it highlights the interconnectedness of the social phenomenon ,it highlights the interdepended Ness of agency and structures and their power to influence the structures if society through out the whole human history. These theories had a significant effect on me and I think on the whole society I understood that this has various structures or values such as human beliefs and behaviours which can regulate social behaviour.